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Percepção do usuário sobre o acesso a medicamentos nos equipamentos municipais do SUS de Álvares Machado-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26) Marcondes, Flávia Fernanda Catussi; Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4083-3050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427697096472982; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8566-7890
The availability and rational use of medicines are crucial aspects to guarantee comprehensive healthcare in the Unified Health System (SUS), being directly linked to the sufficiency in terms of availability, quantity and quality of medicines provided. Among other issues, understanding people's access to medicines in the health system is fundamental for effective management, which seeks comprehensiveness and resolution in the care provided. To contribute in this sense, the perceptions of users of Pharmaceutical Assistance in Álvares Machado, SP, in relation to access to medicines provided by the local SUS were explored. Through a clinical-qualitative approach, using individual interviews and thematic content analysis, instability in the supply of medicines and difficulties in accessibility to the central pharmacy were identified as problems that hinder the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness of the desired health care. by SUS. The relationship established between the pharmaceutical team and users, as well as the organization of the flow for access to medicines, were positive points observed in Pharmaceutical Assistance. The decentralization and peripheralization of PHC to the PHC territory and the establishment of a strategic management model capable of ensuring regularity in the supply of medicines were proposed. One of the suggested strategies is the creation of protocols and guidelines guided by lines of care.
Desenvolvimento de banhos para eletrodeposição da liga de Ni-Mo na presença do complexo bórico-sorbitol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26) Vitorasso, Giovana Baron; Carlos, Ivani Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1666217445807782; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1628425604658360
The Ni-Mo alloy is used in the industrial environment as it is characterized as a promising ecological substitute for hard chrome coating due to its excellent properties, such as high thermal stability, resistance to corrosion and wear and high hardness. The electrodepositions of Ni and Ni-Mo alloy on 1010 steel from an acid bath with the boric-sorbitol complex and using different concentrations of Na2MoO4 were investigated. From the results obtained by potentiometric titrations, the optimal pH for the baths developed was determined. Voltammetric curves showed that increasing the concentration of Na2MoO4 in the baths resulted in a decrease in current density (j). Through voltammetric studies using different scanning and rotation speEDX, it was observed that the Ni2+ reduction process was controlled by charge transfer at the beginning, and later by mixed control; and for Ni-Mo, there is mass transport control and mixed control. Galvanostatic transients significantly indicated the presence of HER in electrodepositions with jdep = -10 and -20 mA cm-2 and absence of rotation, which decreased with the presence of rotation at w = 500 rpm. Furthermore, rotation decreased the presence of Ni(OH)2 precipitated on the surface of the deposits produced. The Ni electrodeposits were opaque and whitish, while the Ni-Mo deposits obtained without rotation were bright, non-uniform, with gray tones and/or brownish regions. Upon rotation, the Ni-Mo electrodeposits were brown or colored, possibly due to the presence of molybdenum oxides. Characterization by SEM revealed globular morphologies for the Ni electrodeposits, and smooth and with the presence of irregular crystallites dispersed for the Ni-Mo deposits, mostly. The Mo contents obtained in Ni-Mo alloys from the baths developed were high and efficient when compared to the literature, with the deposit being produced with w = 500 rpm, jdep = -3 mA cm-2, from bath 0.24 M Ni2+ / 0.020 M MoO42-, responsible for the highest content of 67.8%m of Mo. The efficiency of Ni-Mo electrodeposits produced from baths and deposition conditions varied between 2.7 and 9.3%, being significantly lower than the efficiency resulting from Ni electrodeposits, from 57.4% to 78.4%. A possible justification for this is the high presence of HER parallel to the Ni-Mo reduction process, this alloy being catalytic for this reaction. By XRD, crystalline Ni phases were observed in Ni electrodeposits, and in Ni-Mo electrodeposits, it was observed that the vast majority of electrodeposits could be characterized as a solid solution of Mo in Ni. Through the adherence test, it was found that all Ni and Ni-Mo deposits produced in the absence of rotation were classified as Gr0 by NBR 11003. In the presence of rotation, adherence depended on the parameters and deposition baths. It can be concluded that the Ni and Ni-Mo deposition baths in the presence of CBS developed in this work were efficient in producing electrodeposits with high Mo contents in the chemical composition (in the case of Ni-Mo), adherent and with the absence of cracks.
Efeitos da tutoria por pares em comportamentos de uma criança com autismo em contexto escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26) Antochio, Ingrid; Elias, Nassim Chamel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4216525883778695; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3061977792625778
The Revised DSM-V characterizes autism by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction that can manifest themselves in different contexts, such as social reciprocity, verbal and non-verbal communication and skills to initiate, maintain and understand relationships between others. All of these limitations exponentially harm the child's development in a social context, especially at school, as peers have little or no adequate repertoire to deal with behaviors that differ from those observed in most individuals. Given this demand, the present project sought to evaluate the effects of using structured social interaction situations with the support of peer tutoring on the appropriate and inappropriate social behaviors of a child diagnosed with ASD. Thirteen students with typical development and one student diagnosed with ASD participated in the research, all enrolled in the 1st year of Primary Education at a regular school in the interior of São Paulo. An ABAB-type reversal design was used in order to obtain the effects of the treatment on appropriate social skills in children with ASD and their classmates, who played the role of individual tutors, responsible for appropriate social interactions. Between the initial baseline and the first phase of treatment there was mentoring training with peers, with the aim of directing interactions between them, which corresponded to: staying with, playing with and talking to a friend (based on English, Goldstein, Shafer, & Kaczmarek, 1997). For data collection, 21 sessions were carried out using the field diary and a table to record behaviors as instruments, considering four dependent variables: asking for an object and responding according to the request made, obtaining the other's attention appropriately, waiting turn, and look in the direction of the person when they are speaking. There was an increase in the target student's responses in all variables, but these data were not fully generalized to external environments (outside the classroom). The results corroborate the scientific findings, but there is still a need for more research in this area in the Brazilian context with other types of samples.
Caracterização da Região Metropolitana de Ribeirão Preto SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26) Melo, Lívia Mara de Almeida; Stanganini, Fábio Noel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2497-2395; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1952957212369535; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8411-9360
Brazil had a relevant and extensive territorial organization, made up of 82 metropolitan regions that were determined for specific treatment purposes depending on the particularities of each region. Although most of the criteria can still be considered pertinent, some points must be highlighted: it is clear that industry performance plays an important role in the metropolization process of these regions, as does migration, responsible for the sudden population growth. In the context of third modernity, and in countries with a recent industrialization process, such as Brazil, these criteria become more decisive, because of the industry, although important, has not been the driving sector of the urban economy for a long time, having been surpassed by the tertiary. The challenges faced by metropolises have a national impact, as they concentrate the majority of corporations and services of interest to the Union, configuring a center for investment and capital accumulation, making cooperation between municipal, state and, mainly federal, public authorities important in the debate of these issues. The objective of the research was to characterize the Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto, based on the historical and spatial process. Initially, data and supporting aspects of this study were collected and analyzed, with regard to the historical process of creation of metropolitan regions, and consequently the Ribeirão Preto Metropolitan Region.
Photochemical access to noncanonical amino acids and modified peptides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26) Delgado, José Antonio Campos; Paixão, Márcio Weber; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3773908504964104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-2831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659929470209327; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5994-7384
This thesis holds new opportunities on the synthetic state-of-the-art for the photochemical elaboration of noncanonical amino acids and exogenous peptides as judged by (i) the incorporation of a desired structural motif as a side chain via the construction of the non-proteinogenic amino acid building block, and (ii) the precise chemoselective manipulation of an endogenous peptide backbone in solid-phase postsynthetic settings. Chapter 1 describes a photoexcited binary EDA complex that promotes site-selective alkylation of dehydroalanine to access unprecedentedly protected unnatural amino acids under biocompatible reaction conditions. The protocol elapses with marked simplicity obviating the need for an external metal/organic photocatalyst. The optimal reaction condition is shown to be compatible with the implementation of NHPI esters and Katritzky salts as electron acceptor substrates for controlled radical generation. The “off-amino acid scaffold” radical approach implements C(sp3)-hybridized radicals from peptides and advanced synthetic intermediates to construct amino acid-pendant noncanonical motifs. Moreover, no reaction re-optimization was required to successfully prepare another family of enantioenriched amino acids when the Karady-Beckwith alkene was subjected to hydroalkylation. Overall, the protocol was characterized by the wide nature of alkyl radicals employed, mild conditions, and functional group compatibility with chemical yield ranging from moderate to excellent (up to 90% yield). Chapter 2 introduces the concept of merging metallaphotocatalysis with solid-phase peptide synthesis for the diversification of native amino acid side chains under postsynthetic settings. As a result, a highly efficient solid-phase side-selective arylation reaction for editing the N(in)-moiety of tryptophan residues in biologically relevant oligopeptides without damaging native redox-sensitive side chains is described. The transformation proceeds with fully orthogonal chemoselectivity obviating substrate-pre functionalization requirements, thus allowing one-step modification towards noncanonical atoms. The protocol performs extremely well in congested environments such as on-resin fully protected peptides and is suited for chemical biology applications as it accomplishes bioconjugation with fluorogenic and affinity probes, biopolymers, and biologically relevant entities. This solid-phase metallaphotoredox method proves to be robust in arylating an array of challenging biologically active tryptophan-containing peptides (e.g., Valorphin, Spinorphin, Urotensin II, Somatostain, Temporin L, Cholecystokinin, Penetratin, Cosyntropin, Melittin, Glucagon, etc.) no matter where the position or topology in the sequence the tryptophan residue is. The tolerance of the free N-terminal drives stepwise and multifold arylations with subsequent backbone elongation. Thus, this approach streamlines the process of derivatizing bioactive molecules, rendering them more “drug-like”. This expedites the lead optimization process, resulting in the timely development of a clinically viable candidate.
Comportamento mecânico e resistência à corrosão de juntas soldadas de aços inoxidáveis lean duplex 2101 (S32101): uma análise comparativa dos processos GTAW e GTAW dupla fusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-26) Lambertucci, Gustavo Ometto; Magalhães, Danielle Cristina Camilo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5486724956564584; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-4902; Rovere, Carlos Alberto Della; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-0561; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0582510737085045; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9666-7669; Afonso, Conrado Ramos Moreira; Mendes Filho, Anibal de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2176215981291453; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4033093647135538; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7505-8467; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-8196
Recently, duplex stainless steels are used in many applications involving corrosive atmospheres in combination with the need for high mechanical strength. These steels have a microstructure with a volumetric fraction of ferrite / austenite in the ratio of 1:1, which provides good mechanical properties compared to traditional ferritic or austenitic stainless steels. However, in welding processes, exposure to high temperatures alters the balance of these two phases and simultaneously promotes the supply of harmful phases. In this work, lean duplex stainless steels of class S32101 were used welded using the GTAW and GTAW-DF (double fusion) processes. The studied material is a representative of the “lean duplex” category, where Ni and Mo from conventional duplex steel (S32205) are partially replaced by Mn and N. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of process variation on the properties of the welded joint since the difference between the GTAW process and the GTAW-DF is due to the fact that there is a second heat input due to the second torch welding synchronously on the opposite side in the GTAW-DF process, which can increase the formation of harmful phases. The evolution of the microstructure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the weld was evaluated by optical microscopy and the mechanical performance was evaluated through tensile, hardness, impact and bending tests, in addition to pitting corrosion tests. With the results of this study, it was possible to verify the increase in austenite and nitrides in the HAZ of the GTAW-DF process, without significant losses in the corrosion test and mechanical tests. Conventional GTAW was shown to be less reliable than GTAW-DF as it showed porosity in the radiography test and cracks in the bending test. Despite the thermal effects of GTAW-DF, it was evaluated more reliably and the effects were compressive for welding joints in this material.