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Macroinvertebrados aquáticos da região Andino- Amazônica: paisagem fluvial, diversidade taxonômica e diversidade funcional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Garaviz, Jhonatan Gutiérrez
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Pelaéz-Rodríguez, Marlon
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6765247167719129
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-8155
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Rocha, Odete
The Andean-Amazonian region of the Caquetá department is renowned for hosting a vast biodiversity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. However, in recent years, this region has experienced various anthropogenic impacts, primarily associated with deforestation, most evident in the lowlands. Additionally, this has led to significant concerns over the loss of connectivity between the Colombian Amazon and the eastern Andes Mountain range. This prompted us to study the riverscape associated with different lotic ecosystems to understand their regional dynamics and how this may influence the assembly of aquatic macroinvertebrates. We established three study zones: the Andes, the Transition, and the Amazonia, defining ten sampling stations. At each study site, we characterized the different components of the riverscape. In addition, we collected samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates using a multi-habitat methodology. For data analysis, we estimated taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity. We implemented a Redundancy Analysis to identify environmental variables that predict the composition and beta diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and we developed a generalized linear model linking the richness and abundance of the Odonata order to altitude, latitude, and longitude (regional scale). Our results revealed a successional process of various environmental variables from the Andean region towards the Amazon, also highlighting a pattern of environmental deterioration that increases from the higher parts of the region to the lowlands. Moreover, these variables act as crucial environmental filters in the establishment of the community of aquatic macroinvertebrates and the Ephemeroptera order on a local scale and, from a regional perspective, in the Odonata order, which also serves as a bioindicator group for the fragmentation of riparian forests. Our findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the riverscape between the Andes and the Amazonia in Caquetá. Additionally, we have established new taxonomic records and diversity estimates, which could be vital for adequately using and managing natural resources in the region. These will serve as a future reference for vulnerability analysis related to the loss of connectivity between the study areas.
Contribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes to the activation of Peroxymonosulfate using cobalt magnetic ferrite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Broterson, Yoisel Bueno
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Aquino, José Mario de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847710280926769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5588787534722285
The catalytic process (c-AOP), which utilizes metal oxides (or another type of material) to activate various oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxydisulfate (PDS, S2O82–), and peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5–), among others, constitutes one of the advanced oxidative processes (AOP) that can effectively treat surface and supply waters contaminated by synthetic organic compounds. In particular, magnetic ferrites have the advantage of being reusable and easily separated from the reaction medium. However, there is a significant gap in the literature regarding the participation/action of ions leached from those metal oxides in the oxidant activation process, as well as the study of the surface modifications that occur in the oxides after use. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to elucidate the role of cobalt magnetic ferrite (CoFe2O4), and Co(II) ions added to the reaction mixture, in the in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) using peroxymonosulfate (PMS), as well as the surface effects on ferrite resulting from the ISCO process. For this purpose, CoFe2O4 was synthesized using the sol-gel (SG) and co-precipitation (Cpt) methods, followed by calcination in a muffle furnace (400 ºC and 700 ºC) for 1 h, and the materials obtained were characterized as-prepared (AsP) and, after use in the pollutant degradation tests (Us). The application of CoFe2O4 for the in situ activation of PMS involved studying the catalyst dosage and PMS concentration, the effect of phosphate buffer and pH, as well as different aqueous matrices. Based on the results obtained, low concentrations of CoFe2O4 (0.125 g L–1) and PMS (500 µmol L–1) are sufficient for the complete oxidation of IMD. Furthermore, it was observed that even small concentrations (in the order of µg L–1) of the Co(II) ion also resulted in the complete oxidation of the pollutant, with pH correction and monitoring of the reaction medium contributing to this process. This finding contributes to the understanding of why all synthesized materials exhibit similar rates of IMD oxidation. Some attempts to prevent the leaching of Co(II) ions were carried out; however, they were not successful. Analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry allowed the identification of only 5 intermediates, starting from IMD, whose main structural modifications were due to ruptures in the imidazolidine ring and/or successive hydroxylation reactions. As expected, the main reactive oxygen species identified were hydroxyl (HO●) and sulfate (SO4●–) radicals, and the non-radical singlet oxygen (1O2). The latter species led to high levels of IMD oxidation, even in a complex aqueous matrix such as simulated municipal wastewater (SMWW), albeit with an order of magnitude decrease in the rate of IMD oxidation. Finally, a mechanism for PMS activation by solid and Co(II) ions was proposed based on the materials tested and data obtained.
Licenciatura em música, ações afirmativas e diretrizes nacionais curriculares para a educação das relações étnico-raciais: o caso da UFSCAR e da UFRB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Melo, Luísa Maria Matos de
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9436974023888782
This study aimed to investigate how the Bachelor of Music Education programs at two different Brazilian federal universities from different regions have been adapting, within the curricular scope, to the demands raised by the National Curricular Guidelines for Ethnic-Racial Relations Education (DCNs ERER). The proposal was to analyze the curricula and syllabi of the mentioned courses regarding the integration of themes related to ethnic-racial relations, as well as to understand the perception of students and graduates regarding this integration. This research involved a qualitative exploratory perspective, utilizing documentary and bibliographical analysis, in addition to semi-structured interviews. From the analysis of the Course Pedagogical Projects of the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB) and the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), it is also possible to obtain a more comprehensive overview of the influence of the different contexts in which they are inserted in the design of the curricula in question. Juxtaposing the data gleaned from the curricular analysis with the data procured from student interviews reveals a discrepancy between the propositions outlined in the documents and the students' perceptions of their implementation. Generally, the hypotheses suggest that curricula tend to incorporate the overarching principles of regulations, rather than the specific details, in most instances.
Desamparo: uma análise a partir das primeiras publicações psicanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Washimi, Micaela Arisa
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Maniakas, Georgina Carolina Oliveira Faneco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1207794266426572
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1197118687819203
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-3396
The term chosen in Brazilian Portuguese for the German word Hilflosigkeit, used by Freud since his early psychoanalytic publications, is "helplessness." In the reading of Freud's work, helplessness can be approached from various perspectives, which maintain certain similarities but differ in the way they emphasize specific aspects originating from different writings of Freud, to outline a concept of helplessness that is distinctly psychoanalytic. In this sense, this work sought to reconstruct the history of the use of the term helplessness in Freud's production, focusing on the early psychoanalytic publications (1892-1900), considered crucial for the development of Psychoanalysis. Its main objective was to analyze the texts from this period, seeking to understand the meaning attributed to the term in each of them, highlighting differences and similarities. For this purpose, a bibliographic survey was conducted, delimiting the productions in which Freud uses the terms Hilflosigkeit and hilflos, along with their possible variations. The works found in this bibliographic research served as guides for the readings and analyses carried out. It aimed to demonstrate that the constitutive elements of the concept of helplessness are already present in Freud's early writings; however, their integration depends on the development of other notions, such as the introduction of narcissism and the death drive, as well as the establishment of the second topic and the theory of angst. The exposition sought to highlight the ubiquity of the term helplessness in Freudian theory, emphasizing the difficulty of circumscribing it and the extent of its consequences for the psyche.
Considerações e possíveis soluções para o problema da estimação do mínimo populacional com aplicações em dados de terremotos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-29)
Saldanha, Matheus Henrique Junqueira
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2301154612725391
A myriad of physical, biological and other phenomena are better modeled with semi-infinite distribution families, in which case not knowing the populational minimum becomes a hassle when performing parametric inference. This problem has not been directly discussed in the literature thus far, but it is straightforward to devise a maximum likelihood solution (denoted hereafter as ``pure MLE''), and endpoint estimators proposed in the literature could also be used. Although endpoint estimators are usually evaluated according to their bias and variance, in this project we argue that these are not adequate metrics, so we discuss and use alternatives. We then propose some solutions of our own, some of them aiming to achieve simplicity in terms of their computational cost, and one method (what we call ``maximum likelihood estimation with parameter-dependent support,'' or MLEPDS) where we estimate the population minimum indirectly, by maximizing a modified likelihood function $L(\cdot \mid \vec{\theta})$ that shifts the sample by a certain amount depending on $\vec{\theta}$. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed MLEPDS method outperforms both the pure MLE method as well as the approaches that use endpoint estimators proposed in the literature. In particular, our method offers significantly better results in smaller samples, which will surely be of use to many practitioners out there who have to work with limited data. The dissertation is concluded with an application of the proposed MLEPDS method to predict the maximum magnitude of earthquakes. The probability distribution of earthquake magnitudes is subject to a lot of discussion in the literature; Kijko (2004) describes a few options, which we modify appropriately for use in the MLEPDS method, with which we estimate maximum magnitudes. The regions of Japan, New Zealand, Balkan peninsula and worldwide are analyzed. Experiments show that our method overall gives higher estimates for the maximum magnitude than two other methods inspired by the literature, and also displays an apparent sensitivity in the year-by-year analysis, indicating that it manages to better capture and understand the underlying changes in seismic activity.
Potencial dos compostos orgânicos voláteis como estimulantes vegetais: uma investigação em diferentes cultivares de tomate
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Aguiar, Maria Clara Santana
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Forim, Moacir Rossi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-2921
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0503514392141729
Essential oils extracted from plants are composed of volatile organic compounds that have a wide range of biological activities in vital systems. Various effects of essential oils on plant growth have been demonstrated. However, their effects at the molecular level are not well understood. In addition, their volatile and degradable nature limits their application. Therefore, we investigated the potential of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), lemon balm (Lippia alba), and orange (Citrus sinensis) essential oils as plant biostimulants using the tomato cultivars Solanum pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum as models, classified as Plant Introduction (PI) and commercial, respectively. To evaluate the biostimulant activity of essential oils, this study was conducted in three research fronts, namely (i) the development of the formulation containing the biostimulant, (ii) the evaluation of extraction methods to characterize biotic interactions, and (iii) the application of the formulated products in tomato cultivars. The first stage of the research was to improve the dispersion of essential oils in an aqueous medium. Therefore, a method for obtaining biopolymer microcapsules containing essential oils was evaluated. To prepare the microcapsules, we evaluated the type of biopolymer (native and modified manioc starch), the surfactant content (polysorbate 80) and the addition (or not) of adjuvants (banana, pequi and lignin residues). The emulsions were analyzed for their viscosities, surface morphologies, and oil concentrations after emulsion preparation and soil application. We found that the use of modified starch combined with the addition of adjuvants favored the microencapsulation process with essential oil recoveries higher than 85% (v v-1). In the soil tests, we observed that the biopolymer microcapsules allowed the retention of oils twice as high as the emulsified oils. For the second phase of this study, we investigated the extraction techniques of plant samples for instrumental metabolomic analysis. This process was essential to ensure standardization and reproducibility of plant material analyses. Using the methods evaluated, we observed that for both cultivars there was a gradual modulation of gibberellins and furanocoumarin precursors during the developmental stages. In addition, commercial plants showed a higher accumulation of isoflavones in the vegetative stage, which may be related to the purple color of their leaves. The PI during development showed a greater induction in the biosynthesis of glycosylated molecules of quercetin and kaempferol. The PI variety was also the only one in which we detected the beta-tomatine molecule in the developmental stages. In the third step, we applied the formulations containing the essential oils and verified, using standardized methods, the induction in the biosynthesis of metabolites related to defense mechanisms for both cultivars after the treatments. In addition, we confirmed that the essential oils stimulated root growth, confirming their biostimulant potential for tomato plants. These data represent the first step in the development of products containing essential oils as plant biostimulants.
Development of filter media from cellulose acetate polymer containing silver nitrate (AgNO3)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Zamanikia, Ali
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Chagas, Paulo Augusto Marques
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5058306486487284
This master's thesis provides a thorough analysis of the creation of nanofiber media with enhanced antibacterial characteristics that are integrated with cellulose acetate polymer and silver nitrate (AgNO3). The study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of electrospun nanofibers, employing a range of analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), filter efficiency, and filter permeability. The primary objective of this research is to understand the influence of varying silver nitrate concentrations (3%, 5%, and 10%) on the properties of cellulose acetate nanofibers. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals that the nanofiber diameter is affected by the addition of silver nitrate, with preliminary findings indicating that higher concentrations result in decreased nanofiber diameter compared to lower concentrations or pure cellulose acetate nanofibers. This observation suggests the potential for tuning nanofiber properties to achieve specific filtration and antibacterial performance. Furthermore, the study investigates the chemical composition and bonding modifications within the cellulose acetate nanofibers. FT-IR spectroscopy reveals spectral changes associated with the incorporation of silver nitrate at different concentrations, indicating possible modifications in chemical composition and bonding. These modifications are suggestive of interactions between silver nitrate and the cellulose acetate polymer, which alter the molecular structure and functional groups within the nanofibers. Also, the permeability and efficiency results provide valuable insights into the impact of silver nitrate concentration on the filter's performance. The findings of this research offer valuable insights into the development of filter media with tailored antibacterial properties, highlighting the potential for optimizing nanofiber diameter and chemical composition through the controlled addition of silver nitrate.
Avaliação e caracterização química de substratos vegetais para atração e monitoramento de Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Lima, Wéllima Timóteo de
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Marques, Rodrigo Neves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945237946471247
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-3706
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
Brazil is the world leader in sugarcane production, a crop of extreme relevance to the agribusiness sector. However, Sphenophorus levis, one of the main pests of this crop, has affected production in some regions of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to improve monitoring and control methods, as the underground habitat of the pest is a limiting factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different plant substrates (sugarcane, sugarcane with 10% molasses, pineapple peel, banana pseudostem, and coconut fiber) and their volatile compounds have attractive potential for S. levis adults. Samples of these plant substrates were subjected to different periods of natural degradation (0, 24, 48, and 72 hours) in a B.O.D. at 26°C, and subsequently processed and stored in a freezer. Next, the pH, total and soluble solids, carbon, and total nitrogen of the samples were characterized, and the organic volatile compounds were identified and quantified by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). To test the attractiveness of the substrates, assays were performed in choice arenas containing four treatments (plant substrates) and 30 repetitions (15 female and 15 male S. levis adults), with the duration of permanence on the substrate evaluated for 30 minutes. The most frequently occurring volatile compounds in the physicochemical characterization were selected to evaluate their attractiveness to S. levis adults. The results showed variations in pH and total and soluble solids over time for all plant substrates, as well as ethanol and acetic acid contents, the main volatile compounds present in the natural degradation of the substrates. The degree of substrate degradation did not interfere with attractiveness; however, the concentration of volatile compounds influenced insect attraction. The exploration of S. levis' perception and attraction behavior to these different substrates and volatile compounds provided insights and promising perspectives to improve monitoring techniques for this insect pest.
Trançando vidas: entre frestas e tessituras de cuidado para a sustentabilidade da vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Santos, Tainá Souza
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Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7652206946442553
This research aims to highlight the experiences and alliances between black and peripheral women linked to a Civil Society Organization (CSO) located in the city of São Carlos - SP. The CSO Casa da Infância Estrela da Manhã is an institution that offers projects and assistance to families, children and young people in a context of social vulnerability in the Antenor Garcia neighborhood. Among the projects offered by the institution is Trançando Vidas, which welcomes women from the community with the aim of preventing domestic violence, promoting financial autonomy, strengthening bonds and meeting family demands through social assistance services. Based on ethnographic research in Estrela da Manhã, , the purpose of this work is to describe the production of care among women for the sustainability of personal and family life, drawing on theoretical references from black and decolonial feminism, as well as to point to the recent discussions at national level about care work for the elaboration of the National Care Plan and Policy.
O uso de chatbots para auxiliar a recuperação da informação em repositórios institucionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Marques, Samara Sivirino
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Nhacuongue, Januário Albino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0372192175262438
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6679-1306
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3484634265893214
The study aims to analyze, based on national and international literature, how NLP and chatbots can contribute to the retrieval of information in institutional repositories. Three specific objectives were established: identify and map the main problems in research on NLP and chatbots in the area of information retrieval; analyze the solutions proposed in each study, highlighting approaches to improve information retrieval; characterize the specific applications of each study in order to improve information retrieval in institutional repositories, highlighting the practical contributions and potential benefits to the information search and retrieval process. The research adopts the content analysis methodology. Thematic categorical analysis was used to analyze the results obtained, providing a deeper understanding of the trends and patterns identified. The analysis categories were established based on the four-dimensional space in which the concept of relevance can be formally defined, for the purposes of evaluating information retrieval systems. Therefore, the research was based on two categories: information resources and representation of the user's problem. The research analyzes 263 articles published between 2019 and 2023, selected through the Web of Science database. The results highlight the importance of using NLP and chatbots in optimizing information retrieval in institutional repositories. These technologies have the potential to transform the way users interact and access information, providing a more efficient, personalized and accessible search. From the results, it can be inferred that a task-driven repository and the construction of chatbots based on existing, intuitive and open source tools is a way of applying the research analyzed. It is concluded that there is a promising scenario in the use of NLP and chatbots to improve information retrieval in institutional repositories, simplifying the research process and making it more efficient for users. For future research, there are opportunities to explore advanced NLP techniques to improve chatbots' understanding of complex queries and personalize the user experience by adapting the interaction style and providing relevant content recommendations.
Fatores do teletrabalho e gênero: uma análise integrada sobre as percepções das servidoras TAEs de uma universidade pública federal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Elias, Solange Rachel
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Ubeda, Cristina Lourenço
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6696784421924024
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6460-9462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141077722316946
This research's main objective is to discuss the perceptions of technical-administrative education employees (TAEs) at a federal public university on the factors of teleworking. The term teleworking is quite broad in the literature, being associated with work carried out remotely, through Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Adherence to this type of work had been growing gradually, both in private companies and public institutions, however, the global COVID-19 pandemic accelerated and intensified this process. Studies indicate that these changes hit women more intensely, causing a workload due to the need to deal with personal activities, domestic tasks, parental care, in addition to the high demand for paid work, reinforcing the gender expectations attributed to them. In order to better understand this scenario, a combined approach was carried out, using the survey research method. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire prepared with open and closed questions, measured using the Likert scale, and sent electronically to the TAEs of the four campuses of the researched university in order to obtain a more reliable and comprehensive overview. the proposed situation. 153 responses were obtained from TAE servers, with a return rate of 48.73%. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis (CA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using IBM SPSS Statistics software, while qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. According to the results obtained, the correlation analysis (CA) between the variables confirmed the positive relationship with practical significance and the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) defined three factors related to teleworking that cover the interconnections between professional and personal life/ family and the interrelationships between the employee and the workplace. Finally, it appears that there was broad agreement in the participants' responses in practically all variables, configuring teleworking as something positive and confirming the three hypotheses proposed in this research, in order to show that there is a positive relationship between teleworking and professional practice (H1), professional integration (H2) and mediations between personal life and professional life (H3). Given the results, it is concluded that teleworking brings positive effects on both aspects of professional and personal life, given that the possibility of organizing and managing your professional tasks with greater autonomy and flexibility, allows for conciliation and balance with other personal activities, bringing greater satisfaction, productivity and motivation to these TAEs, however, this conciliation between so many different demands can hide an inequality in the sexual division of work, especially in aspects of personal life
Relação entre testes autonômicos cardiovasculares, achados ecocardiográficos e marcadores glicêmicos no Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Sant'Anna, Leticia de Souza
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-3936
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2158323388334674
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease recognized worldwide as a public health emergency. Chronic hyperglycemia, the main cause of the disease, can lead to vascular and autonomic complications, including cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN). This complication is directly linked to the duration of the disease and the control of glycemic levels. Cardiovascular autonomic tests are essential to diagnose CAN, through stimuli that alter heart rate and blood pressure. The presence of NAC can affect cardiac function, even leading to heart failure and increasing morbidity and mortality. Echocardiography is a technique used to evaluate cardiac function, allowing the identification of various changes. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) may present relationships between cardiovascular autonomic tests and glycemic control, highlighting the importance of cardiac monitoring in this group of patients. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic tests, ventricular function (systolic and diastolic) and markers of glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, and, in addition, to analyze the possible influence of glycemic control on these responses. Methods: 62 individuals (36 men and 26 women) with DM2, aged between 40 and 65 years and BMI 29±4, were evaluated, divided into 4 groups: a) without NAC CG (with glycemic control); b) without NAC SCG (without glycemic control); c) NAC CG and d) NAC SCG. The R-R intervals (iRR) of the electrocardiographic signals, obtained from the MC5 derivation, were captured by the BioAMP and the respiratory signals by a respiratory belt. The echocardiographic variables of systolic and diastolic function were evaluated by two-dimensional mode.Blood tests and three cardiovascular autonomic tests were also performed, which evaluated the response of heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) to postural change stimuli. active (MPA), maneuver to accentuate respiratory sinus arrhythmia - MASR (Expiration/Inspiration), ratio 30:15, and Valsalva maneuver (MV), which also evaluates the contribution of the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system. Results: The main findings were evident positives between E/A ratio and 30:15 (r=0.848), in the NAC CG group, respectively; and negative between HbA1c and left ventricular diastolic diameter in the group without NAC CG (r=-0.727), between MASR and HbA1c in the NAC CG group (r=-0.939) and NAC without CG (r=-0.531). Conclusion: Individuals with CAN obtained lower values in the indices of cardiovascular autonomic tests, with lack of glycemic control being a factor that contributes to worse results. The relationship between the E/A ratio indices and the HR response to postural changes in the group with NAC CG suggests a relationship between echocardiographic findings and responses to autonomic tests, but more studies are needed to be able to define these findings as markers of LV diastolic dysfunction.
Dimensionality reduction-based metric learning using information theoretic measures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Cervati Neto, Alaor
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Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-2729
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6840931161315479
Processing large amounts of data to extract useful information is one of the main issues that may be approached using machine learning. One way to obtain this information is by grouping data according to their common features. In very complex data sets, this task may be accomplished by finding simpler ways of representing the relations between this data, lowering their dimensionality. There are many methods to find the data groups in a set automatically. However, finding a way to minimise the complexity of this data without losing relevant content is a computationally costly process. An alternative to that is treating these data sets as probability distributions of random variables and using concepts and measures from information theory to find their relations more efficiently. This work describes some dimensionality reduction methods and information theory measures and proposes that they be joined in order to obtain better results, by creating variants more resistant to disruption in data or differences in set sizes. The adaptation of existing methods to include information theory-based measures is tested on real datasets, and results formally verified as to their adequacy for obtaining more accurate metrics. In most of the tested cases, results show a better performance compared to traditional classification methods, while in others the modifications made those more effective for datasets with fewer samples.
Otimização do roteamento de aeronaves com emparelhamento de tripulações para o transporte aéreo não regular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Vieira, Thiago José dos Santos
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-305X
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Munari, Pedro
This dissertation addresses aircraft routing problems with crew pairing in the context of non-scheduled air transportation. These problems involve complex decisions in a highly dynamic and costly environment, where various civil aviation regulations must be followed. There is a lack of operations research literature on non-scheduled air transportation, and this type of service has significant differences from conventional (scheduled) transportation. Overall, this research covers real-world problems of two companies belonging to the sector, categorized in academia as a dial-a-flight problem and an aircraft recovery problem. The first refers to fractional ownership services with private aircraft sharing. In this scenario, the customer owns an equity part of aircraft managed by an airline, which entitles him/her to fly a certain amount of miles during the period. We proposed a detailed optimization model, MIP-based heuristics and an exact branch-and-price algorithm. The second problem refers to a rescheduling (recovery) of flights as a way to mitigate the damage arising from past disruptions (adverse weather conditions, mechanical failures, etc.). Given a flight timetable, we need to determine new departure times, redesign routes, reassign flights to different aircraft, and examine potential flight cancellations. We formulated network-flow, event-based and discrete-time models. Additionally, we developed tailored constructive and improvement heuristics. To verify the adequacy and coherence of the approaches, several experiments were performed with real-life data. In the first problem, all instances were solved optimally, and in the second, we were able to generate effective reschedules without canceling flights, in relatively short computing times.
Estimativa de volume do tronco por reconstrução tridimensional e triangulação de contornos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Bernardi, Lucas Kröhling
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Thiersch, Claudio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8791966697254106
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-3168
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Thiersch, Monica Fabiana Bento Moreira
Accurate quantification of wood volume is vital for sustainable forest management and serves as the basis for production planning. The methods for estimating the volume of wood present in the forest that rely on upper-stem diameter measurements assume that the stem can be approximated by the union of various sections of a geometric solid, which can result in inaccurate estimates. With the advancement of technology, new tools and methods are being developed to add greater precision and richness of information to forest inventories. Techniques such as digital image interpretation and sensors like terrestrial laser scanners can be applied to generate point clouds that can be converted into precise measurements of tree diameters and heights. This study proposes a new method of three-dimensional reconstruction of tree volume using digital photographs. The results show that the proposed method has potential application in the forestry sector due to its low cost and high precision, requiring only a digital camera and a studio box. Volume estimates using the proposed method, when compared to the volume obtained by the xylometer, were superior to conventional methods using caliper and measuring tape. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test at a 1% significance level indicated the use of digital images for obtaining the sectional area as the method with the lowest error compared to the xylometer (2.19%). The triangulation methods with two wooden discs (2.32%) and three discs (2.34%) were statistically equal to the caliper (2.72%). The measuring tape showed the worst results (6.03%). Under the analysis of scatter plots of residual distribution, the triangulation methods behaved similarly to the digital image method, being superior to the methods using caliper and measuring tape. Therefore, the proposed methods present themselves as promising alternatives to improve the accuracy of commercial volume estimates, contributing to the efficient and sustainable management of forest resources, especially in the context of estimating multiple products, where the knowledge of the stem shape is more important than the total individual tree volume.
Estudo de elementos finitos para obtenção de valor de esforços nas uniões montadas por conformação em gabinetes de lavadoras de roupa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Silva, Andrew Rivail Finamore da
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Moreno, Mariano Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1307496862518321
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5264989202273201
White goods companies aim to achieve customer loyalty by implementing the most suitable and practical methods while applying processes for increased productivity and cost efficiency to generate satisfactory profit margins with quality products. In this context, a well-established process in industries is addressed: the joining of metal sheets through clinching. This is a recent process applied nationally in the assembly lines of automobiles, computers, and household appliances, involving localized cold forming of sheets to reduce costs and enhance productivity. This work focuses on the application of clinching in the manufacturing of washing machine cabinets, proposing a study of the forces present in the joined areas during machine operation using the Finite Element Method (FEM) to obtain values of forces at the joining points. The main objective was to quantify the physical forces in the washing machine cabinet joints through FEM simulations, such as Siemens NX or Ansys, as well as to formulate the main parameters that these forces generate based on experiments and directions of stresses and critical frequencies that disturb the connections. The results were divided into the following categories: acquisition of critical load data from modeling Clinch points in FEM; analysis of forces in the joints through modeling of the washing machine cabinet structure using FEM; comparison of permissible and applied forces, obtaining safety coefficients and thus validating the evaluated models.
Design of multicomponent alloys with single c14 laves phase for hydrogen storage assisted by thermodynamic computational methods
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-04-30)
Ponsoni, Jéssica Bruna
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Zepon, Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-9076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4994835560866357
Multicomponent alloys with C14 Laves phase structure hold great promise as hydrogen storage materials due to their capacity for reversible absorption of significant hydrogen amounts at room temperature with excellent kinetics. Design methodologies that incorporate predictive property modeling is essential for effectively navigating the vast compositional space of multicomponent alloys. The effectiveness of an alloy as a hydrogen storage media depends on its thermodynamic properties, often visualized through pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) diagrams. Therefore, the prediction of PCT diagrams for multicomponent alloys is a paramount factor to design alloys with optimized properties for hydrogen storage applications. This doctoral thesis introduces a strategy based on computational thermodynamics to design C14-type Laves phase alloys optimized for hydrogen storage. The design method employed to investigate the phase stability of alloys of the (Ti, Zr, or Nb)1(V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn)2 system, resulted in 440 alloys prone to solidify as C14 Laves phase structure. A thermodynamic model was developed to calculate the PCT diagrams of the C14 Laves phase alloys. It was possible to design compositions with equilibrium pressures in a wide range (10−4 to 105 bar). Based on this design approach, seven alloys with different equilibrium pressures were selected, produced, and experimentally characterized. Three alloys did not require activation procedures: (Ti0.5Zr0.5)1(Mn0.5Cr0.5)2, (Ti0.5Zr0.5)1(Fe0.33Mn0.33Cr0.33)2, and (Ti0.33Zr0.33Nb0.33)1(Mn0.5Cr0.5)2 alloys, and they reached hydrogen storage capacity close to H/M = 1 with fast kinetics. Moreover, the experimental PCIs were compared to the calculated ones. The order of magnitude of the equilibrium pressure for the tested alloys were well predicted by the model. These three compositions presented outstanding reversible hydrogen storage properties. Furthermore, the addition of a small fraction of Ce (0.4 wt.%) was proved to be an efficient strategy to allow activation of the alloys that were not able to be activated by thermal or hydrogenation treatments. The (Ti0.5Zr0.5)1(Fe0.5Mn0.5)2 + Ce alloy reversibly absorbed and desorbed the total amount of hydrogen (H/M = 0.9) at room temperature with excellent cycling stability.
Participação cidadã: aspecto basilar de um ambiente democrático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-01)
Oliveira, Celso Maran de
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Britto, Marcel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3804138662312892
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-3614
O artigo objetiva identificar arranjos institucionais e metodologias participativos necessários a uma democracia mais substantiva delineamento de aspectos da democracia e arejar o modelo representativo até um maior grau de permeabilidade das políticas públicas aos desideratos genuinamente populares. Realiza investigação explicativa para identificar fatores contribuintes para a ocorrência de um aprofundamento democrático radical. A pesquisa qualitativa analisa e atribui significados a elementos teóricos extraídos da literatura e residualmente de documentos normativos, a permitir contraste e complementação conceitual sobre tema tão antigo quanto atual. Conclui pelo resgate de noções inerentes democracia e apresentação de argumentos em prol da evolução do processo político até chegar ao delineamento de componentes essenciais a uma configuração mais participativa do regime.
Imagem corporal de crianças pré-púberes no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-01)
Vale, Gabriela Fernandes Del
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Germano, Carla Maria Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1685750854841732
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-7164
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9851356417047091
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the quality of life of populations worldwide. Movement restrictions and the need for social distancing limited opportunities for children's leisure and interactions, increasing sedentary behavior and its consequences, such as excess weight. Additionally, family economic instability affected access to healthy and quality food, adequate housing, healthcare, and the supply of basic needs for children. Eating behavior formation begins in childhood. The early years of life are known as a critical phase for establishing food preferences, weight control, and body image formation. Body image refers to the mental and subjective representation we have of our own body. It is how we perceive, think, and feel about our physical appearance and, therefore, how we relate to our body. Given the complex and unique panorama of the COVID-19 pandemic, where media and family influence on children intensified, this study sought to understand the effects of the pandemic situation on the body image of children aged 5 to 7 years 11 months and 29 days and parents' conceptions and attitudes towards nutrition, weight evolution, and health-related quality of life of these children. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the body image of children aged 5 to 7 years and 11 months, the prevalence of perception, idealization, and body satisfaction disorders in this population, parents' conceptions and attitudes towards their children's nutrition and weight evolution, and parents' perception of the health-related quality of life of these children. METHOD: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative research conducted in the Family Health Strategy of the city of São Carlos, state of São Paulo. The research was approved by the UFSCar Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 29370820.7.0000.5504; Opinion: 4.211.811) and conducted with a convenience sample of 239 prepubescent children aged 5 to 7 years and 11 months and their guardians. The children's and guardians' weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were determined, and the Truby and Paxton Body Image Scale was applied to assess children's perception, idealization, and satisfaction and the guardian's perception of the children. The Stunkard Scale was also applied to assess the guardians' perception, idealization, and satisfaction. The Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ) was used to evaluate parental feeding practices and the parent-child relationship regarding nutrition and parental concern about their children's weight evolution. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was used to assess the guardians' perception of the children's quality of life. Results for continuous quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation. For discrete quantitative variables, mean, median, minimum, and maximum were calculated. Qualitative variables were described as absolute frequency and percentage. Regarding body perception, satisfaction, and idealization analyses, children were divided by sex and BMI classification into eutrophic, overweight, and obesity. For CFQ and quality of life analyses, children were divided by sex and grouped into appropriate weight and overweight. Statistical analyses were performed using JASP® 0.16.3 software. Comparison between means was performed using the Mann-Whitney test or the non-parametric variance test, depending on the number of variables. The association between categorical variables was calculated using the chi-square test. Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the degree of correlation between variables with normal distribution, while Spearman's test was applied to others. Odds ratio analysis was performed using logistic regression test, ENTER mode. The analysis of independent variables that could modify a given outcome (odds ratio) was performed using exploratory logistic regression, where independent variables were inserted simultaneously in the initial model (ENTER mode). All logistic regression analysis models had a VIF<5. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha test (α). The significance level adopted was 95% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Female representatives comprised 91.2% of the sample, with 47.3% classified as obese. The children's sample was composed of 45.6% female and 54.4% male, with 10% and 18% classified as obese, respectively. Body perception data revealed inaccuracy in self-perception in 66% of the children, with 69% underestimating and 31% overestimating their BMI. Guardians' inaccuracy regarding children's body perception differed significantly by sex. Overweight boys were considered eutrophic and underweight in 65% of cases. In contrast, overweight girls were considered obese by their parents in 60% of cases. The greater the child's overweight, the greater the body dissatisfaction. Among girls, 82% of the obese, 48% of the overweight, and 34% of the eutrophic were dissatisfied. Among boys, 48% of the obese, 46% of the overweight, and 21% of the eutrophic were also dissatisfied. The influence of the media's aesthetic standards resulted in a desire for smaller bodies and thinner silhouettes in 43% of eutrophic girls and larger bodies in 20% of eutrophic boys. The feeding questionnaire results showed higher scores in the perception of responsibility for the child's feeding and monitoring (p<0.0001) and lower scores in the perception and concern about the child's weight (p<0.0001). There was a positive correlation between children's BMI and perception and concern about the child's weight (p<0.0001). Guardians with lower education levels had lower perception and concern about the child's weight (p=0.034). The quality of life questionnaire results revealed that overweight boys scored higher than girls with appropriate weight in physical capacity (p=0.050). Among overweight boys and girls, the score was higher in the school aspect (p=0.001) and overall aspect (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The period of social isolation, catalyzed by the pandemic, highlighted the significant influence exerted by family and media on children's body image formation. This context underscores the importance of both verbal and non-verbal messages that shape perceptions around children's bodies. Analyzing guardians' beliefs and attitudes towards nutrition and weight evolution during this global crisis shows an undeniable prioritization of children's nutrition, potentially enhancing adherence to various aspects of nutritional care. Examining sociodemographic determinants, health history, and living standards, it is imperative to recognize the possible interconnection between guardians' emphasis on feeding and monitoring and the complex socioeconomic adversities caused by the pandemic. The difficulty in ensuring minimally adequate nutrition for children may be intrinsically linked to the widespread impoverishment of the population during this period. This dimension must be fully considered when shaping public policies aimed at child health to address nutritional needs effectively. Furthermore, subsequent studies must explore whether there is a disparity in guardians' perception of children's quality of life. It is worth questioning whether overweight children are somehow perceived as more adapted to the pandemic situation, possibly because they present an appearance socially associated with robustness. Understanding these subtler aspects can provide valuable insights to guide future interventions aimed at promoting both physical health and the emotional well-being of children in similar contexts.
A formação continuada de professores que ensinam matemática na perspectiva da educação inclusiva: uma análise do “Ambiente Virtual de Formação” da rede municipal de ensino de Limeira-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-02)
Frei, Ligia Maria Salmazi
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Lozano, Daniele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775248941851933
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2379-5403
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1888142832832477
This study addresses the issue of teacher training concerning the preparation to deal with the diversity of students who have different special educational needs and learning styles, particularly in the teaching of mathematics in the early years of elementary education. It discusses some of the main laws aimed at guaranteeing the rights of these students, covering both initial and continuing education, as both require a constant commitment to the professional development of teachers so that they can truly meet the demands of an inclusive classroom. The objective was to analyze the contributions of the training offered on the PerForme platform, a virtual environment for continuing education developed by the municipal network of Limeira-SP, aimed at supporting teachers in the teaching and learning of curriculum content. For this purpose, we identified which training programs related to mathematics and special education were most accessed, how many participants completed each stage, and how many effectively completed these trainings, creating tables based on the information obtained. Following this, we sent a questionnaire to the teachers and conducted in-person interviews with 8 participants. The theoretical framework of this study is based on authors with a critical approach, opting for both quantitative and qualitative treatment, as we understand that the numbers extracted from the PerForme platform cannot be adequately interpreted without considering their qualitative dimension, which encompasses educational policies, the complexity of teacher training, and the related historical context. Additionally, we recognize the dialectics of social relations that permeate this scenario, thus adopting an analysis grounded in Historical-Dialectical Materialism, which emphasizes the dynamic, contradictory, and historical nature of the phenomena studied. From the analysis and reflection on the collected data, we found that, despite the availability of training and high demand for certain content and deficiencies, teachers are unable to complete them due to the extensive workload and day-to-day demands. It was identified that when PerForme training sessions are completed, they are important and assist teachers in the classroom. It was also possible to detect a communication gap between the Municipal Department of Education and schools regarding the dissemination of the training offered by the platform, as well as the procedures for participation and the relevance of the certificates. The results indicate that it is necessary to promote public policies for teacher wellbeing, thus overcoming the institutional and political structures that perpetuate educational inequalities, promoting a more equitable and democratic education in teacher training.