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Sustentabilidade de sistemas agroflorestais do Vale do Ribeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-21)
Nascimento Júnior, José Ricardo de Oliveira
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Brancalion, Pedro Henrique Santin
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8146112647703002
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
The production of food and agroforestry products focuses on environmental, social and economic sustainability. However, there are few studies that assess the sustainability of agroforestry systems (AFSs) in these three dimensions simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the sustainability of AFSs in the Ribeira Valley region of São Paulo, using social, environmental and economic indicators and indexes, as well as an overall sustainability index for AFSs of different complexities. The areas were classified as Biodiverse AFSs (BIOD) when they had at least 10 native regional tree species and at least 200 trees/ha. Areas that did not comply with these criteria, but met the general definition of AFS, were classified as Simplified AFS (SIMP). A questionnaire was applied to 9 producers to obtain their profile and that of their properties, in the municipalities of Sete Barras, Registro, Eldorado and Pariquera-Açu. To collect field data, samples were collected from 900 m2 plots in the agricultural production area of these properties. The following data were obtained: geographic location of the property; physical-chemical analyses of the soil; deposition of litter and complete forest inventory. The total number of plots was 11, ranging from Biodiverse Agroforestry Systems (04) to Simplified Agroforestry Systems (07). The five social indicators used were: “Family Income”, “Education Level”, “Job Generation”, “Water Security” and “Sewage Treatment”. The seven environmental indicators used were: “Compliance with the Native Vegetation Protection Law (LPVN)”, “No Agrochemicals (or Agricultural Defensives)”, “AGB (Above Ground Biomass)”, “Number of trees/ha”, “Shannon Index”, “Proportion of Regional Native Tree Species”, “Tree Species Richness”. The six economic indicators used were: “Target Market”, “Soil pH”, “Perception of Profitability”, “Has Certification”, “Receives Technical Assistance”, “Product Valuation”. The indices were calculated based on the result of the corresponding indicators, through the average of the normalized values between 0 and 1. The Sustainability Index was calculated through the average of the social, environmental and economic indices. It was observed that the producer's level of education and the certification of organic products directly interfere in the perception of profitability. BIOD AFSs present greater Environmental Sustainability when compared to SIMP AFSs and, environmentally, are similar to areas of Natural Vegetation Regeneration. There was no statistical difference between the social, economic and general index indicators and indices. These results reinforce the use of AFSs as a tool for mitigating climate change, as they promote environmental gains and are equivalent to more simplified production models in social and economic issues. It is important to highlight that sustainability is an ongoing process, and it is necessary to evaluate it regularly to ensure its continuity.
Modelagem física de plataformas de transferência de cargas reforçadas com geogrelhas sobre colunas granulares encamisadas utilizando solos transparentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-21)
Vieira, Andréa Maria Pereira
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Araujo, Gregório Luis Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6075465233665208
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-8846
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
One effective approach to address the challenges posed by constructions on soft soils is the use of embankments supported by granular columns. These columns offer advantages such as enhancing soil bearing ability, minimizing drainage pathways, and mitigating settlements. It's customary to incorporate a layer of granular material atop the columns, akin to practices in pile-supported embankments, serving as a drainage base and aiding in load transfer to the superstructures. Nonetheless, the mechanisms and behaviors associated with load transfer platforms on granular columns may diverge from those of pile-supported structures, owing to the columns' lower stiffness compared to piles. Understanding these mechanisms in geotechnical contexts is a complex task, which requires a comprehensive view of the problem. The advent of transparent geotechnical materials, mirroring real soil characteristics, enables thorough problem modeling with extensive visualization and precise displacement and deformation quantification, thus helping system behavior analysis and interpretation. In this context, this study aimed to develop a scaled physical model of an embankment on soft soil reinforced with encased granular columns, employing a stratified system of transparent soils. The soft soil was simulated using a 150 mm layer of transparent synthetic clay, made with Laponite RD® and Sodium Pyrophosphate Decahydrate (PSD), reinforced with two encased granular columns of 50 mm in diameter. The granular base layer used as a load transfer platform (LTP) was composed of alternating layers of transparent synthetic sand and geosynthetic reinforcement. This model helped soil behavior analysis using digital image correlation (DIC), fostering comprehension of stress transfer mechanisms in embankment systems with load transfer platforms supported on improved soft soil with encased granular columns. Additionally, it evaluated the impact of geogrid use as reinforcement. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the materials used were suitable for simulating the problem. Overall, the use of geogrids was able to reduce vertical displacements and the part of load transferred to the soft soil.
Propriedades microestruturais e elétricas de nanoestruturas de WO3 puras e dopadas com Mn
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-21)
Palma, João Victor Nascimento de
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Avansi Junior, Waldir
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Silva, Luís Fernando da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7422167106177474
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-5537
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an n-type wide bandgap semiconductor that has been widely studied due to its properties, being used in the generation of electricity “water splitting”, catalysis, gas sensors, among others. Traditionally, gas sensors require relatively high heating temperatures (>150°C) for surface/gas reactions to be activated. Some studies report that photostimulation can be an efficient strategy to replace thermal activation. Despite promising results, the high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers has been one of the disadvantages of photostimulated gas sensors. Therefore, in this work we aimed to synthesize nanostructures of W1−xMnxO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 3.0%; WMO) using the polymeric precursor method to be applied as photostimulated gas sensors. The samples were characterized by different techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, electrical measurements were carried out on samples from the WMO system in the absence and presence of gas, and the effect of photostimulation on the sensing properties was also evaluated. Xray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed the crystallization of the pure WO3 sample for thermal treatments carried out above 450°C, presenting the monoclinic structure of WO3. Furthermore, XRD measurements, Raman spectroscopy and XANES spectroscopy indicated that the addition of Mn ions did not modify the crystalline structure of WO3, however, the presence of a secondary phase, MnWO4, was identified. Scanning electron microscopy analyzes confirmed the nanometric nature of the WMO samples, with particle size increasing as a function of Mn content, i.e., from 102 nm to 370 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements allowed identifying the presence of Mn2+ in all samples, in addition to indicating the increase in oxygen deficiency in samples with the concentration of Mn. Regarding the electrical characterization of the samples, the measurements showed that the WMO samples were photosensitive to UV, besides they exhibited typical varistor behavior. The evaluation of the sensor performance of the WMO samples showed that they were all sensitive to oxidizing gases (O3 and NO2) at room temperature and under photostimulation. Regarding the influence of Mn ions, the measurements revealed that the samples exhibited a good detection range for NO2 gas (100 to 1000 ppb), and good selectivity for reducing gases (CO and NH3). Moreover, the addition of Mn ions caused an increase in the sensing response to NO2 gas, which was attributed to the good separation of photogenerated charge carriers due to the presence of the MnWO4 secondary phase.
Sucesso escolar no Espaço Cooperativo de Aprendizagem Horizonte: perspectivas de estudantes multirrepetentes e seus professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-22)
Busatte, Flávia Camargo
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Reyes, Claudia Raimundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5187942717120318
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-3020
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648855624008675
The present study addresses the investigation of the school experiences of students experiencing educational lag, enrolled in 2023 at the Horizonte Learning Cooperative Space (ECAH), a project of the Poços de Caldas Municipal Department of Education, MG:aiming to identify elements that may contribute to the academic success of these students. To this end, the following research question was proposed: What are the elements present in Espaço Cooperativo de Aprendizagem Horizonte (ECAH) that have the potential to promote academic success of students with a history of academic failure? In order to answer this question, the following objectives were proposed: (a) Identify the ECAH elements that can stimulate the academic success of students with a history of academic failure, considering their previous difficulties. (b) Understand these students’ academic experiences in order to identify relevant elements that may contribute to their education improvement, with academic success as the central objective. (c) Analyze how ECAH addresses and work on these issues, identifying pedagogical practices, strategies, and elements that favor the academic success of participating students, especially those with challenges stemming from past academic failures. The research methodology was a qualitative case study, and data collection techniques included group discussions and semi- structured interviews with ECAH’s both students and teachers. The theoretical-methodological principles of Paulo Freire’s theory were considered, highlighting the importance of dialogue, pedagogical praxis, and emancipation in education, used as analysis categories. The students’ statements during group discussions and interviews, as well as the teachers’ expressions in interviews were used to establish relations between ECAH’s experiences outlined by theses voices and Paulo Freire’s theory. This study found that it is essential to establish an educational environment conducive to participation of both students and teachers in the sharing of knowledge, valuing reciprocal experiences. The adoption of a problem-posing approach is recommended, in which relevant topics for the students are critically explored. Furthermore, reflection is encouraged in line with action, enabling students to apply their learning to transform their reality. It is concluded that these elements form an interconnected network that guides the pursuit of quality education and social transformation, being fundamental to promote academic success and the emancipation of individuals.
Uso de larvas de Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) para bioconversão de resíduos agroindustriais e uso do frass como fertilizante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-22)
Bento, Rodrigo de Moura Manoel
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Marques, Rodrigo Neves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8945237946471247
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-3706
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8101307471720203
In a world where population growth, production and consumption are ever increasing, theproper disposal and treatment of waste raises concern. The Black Soldier Fly [Hermetia illucens(L., 1758] (Diptera : Stratiomyidae) is a neotropical fly which naturally occurs in North and SouthAmerica, including Brazil, and is now widely spread throughout the world. It has most of itsactivity during the larval development, in which it can consume large amounts of organic matter,and presents a short life cycle with grown flies unable to cross great distances and barelyfeeding. For over 30 years H. illucens has been studied due to its potential application in wastetreatment systems, however the majority of works focus on manure and sewage sludge and aretied to international contexts. This work aimed to evaluate the effectivity of using H. illucenslarvae to transform agroindustrial waste, presenting an alternative for lessening environmentalimpacts due to its disposal. H. illucens larvae were initially reared in standard diet of 30% soymeal, 20% corn flour and 50% wheat meal under 70% relative humidity and 12:12 h photoperiod,in 25o C, until adulthood. From this first group successful mating 40 larvae were randomlyselected and transferred to each of five replication of three different nourishment treatments:brewery solid waste (malt bagasse, fine trub and rough trub), agro-industrial residues fromminimal processing system and the standard diet as control. These treatments were kept under70% relative humidity at 27oC with lightcycle of 12 h. For each, were analyzed the developmenttime from larva to pupae and pupae into adult, the conversion of nourishment into insectbiomass, the dry matter of substrate consumed, adult’s length and sexual rate withinpopulations. Statistical analyzes were made using R software (v. 4.1.2) with a significance levelof p<0,05. We found that the diet based on agro-industrial residues from minimal processingsignificantly delayed the pupation (mean 29,92 days weighted against 18,68 days for brewerywaste diet and 15,27 days for standard diet) whereas the mean larval weight were reduced bythe brewery waste food (0,136g against 0,166g for standard diet and 0,172g for minimalprocessing’s). Changes in the sex ratio weren’t noticed. The reduction in substrate dry matterand its consequential incorporation to insect biomass were both bigger in larvae under standarddiet. The development of larvae in minimal processing residue increased the duration of thelarval period, while the weight of pre-pupae was shorter when fed with beer production residue.The best bioconversion index in the minimal processing residue, and the frass coming from thedevelopment in beer producing residue and standart diet are viable as fertilizers. New Worksare necessary with different compounds to prove the effectiveness of the H. illucens asbioconversion agents to agriculture.
Hibridização e educação 4.0: perspectivas para o futuro da EaD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-22)
Dias, Danilo Augusto
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Mill, Daniel Ribeiro Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5349005982139589
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1515286597269486
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https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1374-7233
Ao analisarmos as perspectivas futuras para a educação a distância, compreendemos que o cenário que se apresenta é o de uma convergência dessa modalidade educativa com a educação presencial, resultando num processo de educação híbrida. Este ensaio se propõe a uma discussão da educação híbrida como novo campo educativo, criador de novas oportunidades de ensino e aprendizagem mais flexíveis e personalizadas. Por meio de uma discussão teórica, buscamos apresentar conceitos que conectam essa abordagem metodológica aos princípios da chamada Educação 4.0, que se caracteriza pela incorporação das tecnologias da 4ª Revolução Industrial ao processo educativo. Assim, concluímos que a Educação 4.0 é uma proposta que integra plenamente a educação híbrida, sendo uma tendência para o futuro próximo, bem como cria novos espaços que ex-pandem as possibilidades para a aquisição do conhecimento ao longo da vida do indivíduo.
Publicações sobre o método laboratório de mudança: seus objetos e intervenções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-23)
Ziotti, Giovane
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Moura, Daniel Braatz Antunes de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5287608431146025
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5769-9666
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Branco
The Change Laboratory (CL) is a formative intervention method that is theoretically and methodologically based on the Historical-Cultural Activity Theory (CHAT). The CL exists as a framework for interventions developed to transform work through the expansion of the objects of activity systems, thereby overcoming historical contradictions in the organization of work. This dissertation aims to understand how research that has applied or analyzed the Change Laboratory method in different contexts with various objectives has been published. To achieve this, a quantitative-qualitative research approach was developed through two systematic reviews, one bibliometric and the other qualitative. A total of 103 texts were selected and analyzed to produce a bibliometric analysis focusing on factors such as the number of texts published over the years, the origin of the publications, international participation in the research, authors, citations, journals or means of publication, and research institutions involved, types of texts, fields of knowledge of the research, and categories of professionals influenced by the interventions. Subsequently, using the same sample of texts, a qualitative systematic review was conducted, resulting in four different groups of publications based on their respective objects or purposes: when the object is unrelated to the CL; when the object is a CL intervention; when the object relates interventions to the development of theory; and when the object is the development of theory. For each of the groups, subcategories of publications were assigned based on the content of the analyzed texts. The discussions are made in light of CHAT, and the conclusions include a future research agenda that aligns with trends in the theoretical and methodological field of the CL.
Understanding how mindfulness‑based interventions promote work‑life balance: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-23)
Trombeta, Gabriela
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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Bertho, Maria Alice Centanin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5875147172625110
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1239
The effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on work-life balance (WLB) have been documented in previous experimental studies. However, work is needed to integrate the information that is emerging. In this study, we address this need by (a) conducting a systematic review of the effects of MBIs on WLB, and (b) proposing a logical model indicating how MBIs may contribute to WLB. The search was conducted using Psycnet, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, and Redalyc e BVS Saúde databases, retrieving studies published up until July 2023. We selected studies involving randomized controlled trials in which the effects of an MBI on WLB and related outcomes were reported. Of the initial 575 texts, seven peer-reviewed articles were selected. Data analysis was conducted by examining key components of the MBIs, considering: (a) the intervention procedures, (b) effects on WLB, (c) explanations about behavioral change mechanisms, (d) study design limitations, and (e) suggestions for further research. Findings indicated that MBIs improved work-life balance outcomes (such as perceptions of WLB, satisfaction with WLB, and psychological detachment from work) and decreased work-family and work-life conflict. Follow-up studies showed that program effects were maintained. Higher retention rates were found for app-based interventions, interventions that had at least one in-person session, and programs in which participants could choose which exercises and when to practice. MBI mechanisms include self-regulation of attention, emotions, and behaviors to strengthen people’s psychological resources. Further research is needed to investigate the generalizability of the findings, to understand the range of people who can benefit from MBIs, and to clarify MBI outcomes involving adjustments in personal life involvements that may affect work behaviors.
Melhorando a tomada de decisões na construção: Modelagem não paramétrica de atrasos induzidos pelo clima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-23)
Comito, Mateus Borges
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Hubert Junior, Paulo do Canto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1484408005536961
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Izbicki, Rafael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9991192137633896
Effective construction project management faces significant challenges due to frequent delays, many of which are influenced by climatic variables. Anticipating these delays is crucial, and although various methods based on stochastic generators, productivity impact models, or machine learning exist, there is still a notable lack of direct approaches that model productivity using exclusively historical weather data, which is easily accessible. Moreover, it is not sufficient to have only a point estimate of the delay for a specific project. It is more useful to estimate the total uncertainty associated with this estimate. This dissertation proposes a flexible non-parametric model aimed at filling these gaps by estimating the probability distribution of a project's execution time using only weather information. We start from the premise that each task has a daily probability of execution. This process involves a non-stationary stochastic process, described by a non-stationary discrete-time Markov Chain. We use exclusively climatic data to calculate the necessary parameters, and the distribution is estimated through Monte Carlo simulation. The results highlight the utility of the model in predicting optimal start dates, accurately estimating project completion, establishing contractual limits for expected delays due to weather conditions, and analyzing critical paths within the project. Additionally, we present a mathematically rigorous tool for model comparison, allowing for the optimization of hyperparameters and the selection of the most suitable prediction model. This investigation contributes to improving decision-making, minimizing the negative impacts of uncertainty on productivity and construction timelines, resulting in an overall improvement in project efficiency.
Classificação de visada e mitigação de erros de estimativa de distância em sistemas UWB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Lima, Danilo Souza
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Hernandes, André Carmona
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6806138514642732
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-9903
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1646627286224987
This master's thesis investigates the classification of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and their impact on distance measurement accuracy in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) positioning systems. The focus of the research was to develop and validate a machine learning model capable of dynamically classifying LOS and NLOS conditions to adjust the system's parameters for error mitigation. This involved the design of custom hardware and software to conduct extensive tests under various simulated environmental conditions, mirroring real-world complexities. The results demonstrated that the machine learning model significantly enhanced measurement accuracy, reducing average distance errors from over 10 centimeters in baseline conditions to under 3 centimeters in optimized setups. The implications of these findings underscores the potential of adaptive learning models to improve the reliability and operational efficiency of UWB systems, particularly in complex indoor environments. The model's ability to adapt to changing conditions and accurately classify signal disruptions due to physical obstructions provides a critical improvement over traditional static modeling approaches. This research lays the groundwork for future advancements in UWB technology, suggesting that integrating machine learning into UWB systems can lead to more robust and accurate indoor positioning solutions that are crucial for industries like logistics, autonomous navigation, and smart building management.
Musicalidades negras na educação musical: uma reflexão sobre os currículos de formação docente na perspectiva da Lei. 10.639/03
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Justino, Jussara Aparecida de Paula
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-0501
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2961903056004496
This research aims to propose a reflection on ethnic-racial relations and anti-racist education in the music education field starting from a critical evaluation of the curricular proposal for teacher’s training. The generating elements for the research are black musicalities and the guidelines in Brazilian Law 10.639/03, historically situated as decolonial and anti-racist possibilities on the content organization and educational practices from a racial literacy - a concept in practice on black movement activism contemporaneously revisited as another anti- racist possibility. The research matters reflect how important it is to bring to musical education these musicalities as a form of deconstruction, anti-racist and decolonial strategy in order to bring awareness to curricular proposals in academic degrees in Music. The theoretical approaches intersect with the main authors in the ethnic-racial relations discussions, such as: Bento (2022), Fanon (2008), Ferreira (2019), Lopes (2011); in the curricular proposals discussions: Arroyo (2018), Ferreira (2019), Souza (2011); in the music education field: Azevedo (2011, 2019), Brito (2003), Gilroy (2019), Joly et Severino (2016), Kazadi Wa Mukuna (2000), Koellreutter (1997), Salomão (2021); in decoloniality discussions: Barreto (2018), Costa, Grosfoguel et Torres (2018), Gonzales (2018), Kilomba (2019), Nascimento (2021), Quijano (2017), and anti-racist education field: Acho (2021), Almeida (2019), Fonseca (2012), hooks (2017), Pinheiro (2023), Ribeiro (2018). The methodology’s approach was the focus group’s perspective, qualitative research, and online meetings were conducted for reflection and discussion on the theme; the data collect was made through recording the meetings on the Google Meet platform, reports and the researcher’s description from the participant’s reports as well as the dialogue with the theoretical references. The results are the crossings and
Diagnóstico de influência para modelos de regressão linear censurada com misturas de escala assimétrica de distribuições normais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Guzman, Daniel Camilo Fuentes
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-9554
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2331533814499858
In this research, we conducted studies on local and global influence diagnostics for \sigla{SSMN-CR}{Censored Linear Regression Models with Skew Scale Mixtures of Normal Distributions}, proposed by \citeonline{guzman2020}. Initially, we discussed methods for generating censored data, specifically presenting methods to generate randomly censored data with both unilateral and interval censoring. Subsequently, we addressed case deletion and local influence diagnostics based on the \textit{Q} function, inspired by the findings of \citeonline{zhu} and \citeonline{zhuelee}. To analyze the sensitivity of the maximum likelihood estimators of the SSMN-CR model parameters to small perturbations in assumptions and/or data, we considered various perturbation schemes, such as case weighting, explanatory variables, response variables, and perturbations in scale and skewness parameters. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology, we presented the analysis of a real dataset and three simulation studies.
Essays on foreign direct investment and corruption: review and empirical study
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Onody, Vanessa da Silva Mariotto
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Moralles, Herick Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-9443
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3450654917662565
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a crucial development tool for many emerging regions. A specific issue explored in the international business literature is the relationship between corruption and FDI, examining whether corruption repels foreign investments (acting as "sand") or attracts more foreign investments (acting as "grease"). Several authors in the international literature have analyzed factors influencing the outcomes of this relationship, but few have investigated the role of corruption in FDI at the regional level, especially in emerging countries in Latin America, including Brazil. This thesis examines the relationship between corruption and regional concentration of FDI. To do so, two chapters (2 and 3) have been developed in the form of articles. The first is theoretical and serves to contextualize the research themes through a systematic literature review method, highlighting the trend of corruption as "sand" or "grease" in the analyzed studies. The next article, on the other hand, is applied, utilizing statistical analyses. To characterize this study, a new dataset with regional-level information on FDI is used to investigate whether foreign companies can tolerate some level of corruption in exchange for specific location-based advantages, thus challenging the binary view of the "sand" or "grease" hypothesis. As the main results, Chapter 2 revealed that research on macroeconomic factors is the most robust determinant in articles on the subject. These factors are understood to include institutional quality, governance, political and financial institutional risk, and business environments. Corruption is demonstrated in many studies as an indicator to be considered among other researched factors, observing the scarcity of research exclusively on the topic. After an extensive literature analysis, the main trend of the "sand or grease" hypothesis in emerging countries is concluded to lean towards "sand." With the third chapter, it was possible to empirically examine the sensitivity of multinational companies (MNCs) to corruption in the Latin American economy at the level of individual sectors. It was observed that corruption functions as a "lubricant" for both FDI and at the level of individual sectors. Finally, by using a non-linear approach, it was detailed that corruption functions as a lubricant for FDI only in regions with intermediate (medium-low) levels of corruption. This thesis provides a general contribution to national and international literature on the issue of the relationship between regional attractiveness of FDI and corruption in emerging countries in Latin America.
Construção de um robô SCARA colaborativo com base em sensoriamento capacitivo de baixo custo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Martos, Lucas Santana
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Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435
The robotics trade is predicted to experience exponential growth until 2038. Industrial automation aims to replace manual labor with automated robots, impacting companies of all sizes, especially in the Asian market where there is significant financial investment and available technology. In Brazil, there is an observed increase in automation, although small and medium-sized enterprises face significant challenges. Collaborative robots, also known as cobots, are being introduced to make automation more accessible, although the price of sensors remains a barrier. SCARA robots stand out for their efficiency in planar assembly tasks due to their structure and speed. Cobots are characterized by having sensing capabilities to deal with the presence of individuals in their work environment, either by stopping or by joint action, using optical, contact, radar, and various other sensors. This paper presents the development of a SCARA robotic arm, emphasizing its accessibility and efficiency for small and medium-sized enterprises. The mechanical assembly was optimized to reduce costs and simplify the manufacturing process. The electronic system was implemented using the Arduino UNO microcontroller due to its simplicity and affordable cost, despite being sensitive to noise. Mathematical modeling based on inverse kinematics was crucial for precise control of the robotic arm's position. Tactile sensing was addressed economically, ensuring accuracy and reliability in contact detection, even on metallic structures, although sensitive to noise, which makes the use of cobots viable in the Brazilian market and stimulates the growth of the national industry.
Pseudo-parallel immersions of Lorentzian manifolds in pseudo-Riemannian space forms
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Melara Estrada, Mynor Ademar
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Villagra, Guillermo Antonio Lobos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962956853017869
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-0083
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3320692889941905
In this Ph.D. thesis, we study pseudo-parallel submanifolds in pseudo-Riemannian space forms. We give a characterization of pseudo-parallel Lorentzian surfaces with non-flat normal bundle in pseudo-Riemannian space forms as λ-isotropic surfaces, extending an analogous result by Asperti-Lobos-Mercuri in the Riemannian case. Consequently, for this kind of Lorentzian surfaces we give a characterization using the concept of hyperbola of curvature and get a non-existence result when the ambient space is a Lorentzian space form. In particular, when the ambient space is a 4-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space form, we obtain that any pseudo-parallel Lorentzian surface with non-flat normal bundle is super-extremal, i.e., a λ-isotropic surface with everywhere vanishing mean curvature vector field, and the ambient space must have metric of index 2. In the case where the pseudo-parallelism function is constant, we explicitly describe these surfaces with codimension two, obtaining that they are parallel surfaces and exist in non-flat space forms, and for the case where the pseudo-parallelism function is non-constant we give explicit examples of these surfaces in the 4-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with metric of index 2. An example of an extremal and flat pseudo-parallel Lorentzian surface with non-flat normal bundle which is not semi-parallel is given in codimension three. We continue the study of pseudo-parallel Lorentzian hypersurfaces in Lorentzian space forms started by Lobos, by completing the characterization of the Weingarten operator even when it is non-diagonalizable. Then, we consider the case where the pseudo-parallelism function is constant and different from the curvature of the ambient space and give the local classification of these hypersurfaces under the hypothesis of being good in the sense of Ryan. We also give a classification of the connected complete semi-parallel Lorentzian hypersurfaces of the Minkowski space and a local classification of the pseudo-parallel Lorentzian hypersurfaces with constant pseudo-parallelism function and constant mean curvature in Lorentzian space forms.
A organização das redes municipais de educação e os conselhos gestores: entre o Gerencialismo e a Gestão Social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Oliveira, Flávio Sebastião de
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-898X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0842748438069913
The present work carried out a double case study, with a simple comparison, of two municipal education networks in the interior of the State of São Paulo, the first with its own education system, which presents greater autonomy and more effective action by the education management councils – CME, CAE and CACS-Fundeb – and the other, which is linked to the state network, with less autonomy and less effective participation of management councils, concluding that the combination of institutional formats that encompass technical and political aspects contributes to greater effectiveness in public educational policy developed in the municipality – called state capacity – from the perspective of managerial and societal management models. The two municipal networks were selected based on previously established criteria, such as serving the same level of education (preschool and elementary education – initial years), belonging to the same regional education jurisdiction, having identical physical structure of the educational network and similar HDI, differing only in terms of the structural-legal format and degree of social participation through management councils. The research was based on qualitative and quantitative analysis based on documentary analysis and interviews with presidents of management councils and directors of municipal education. In the end, the data and information obtained were analyzed in light of the results obtained by the respective municipal education network in external evaluations and the theoretical framework on the topic. The results showed that there is a relationship between the institutional format that includes technical (managerial management) and political (societal) aspects and the effectiveness of educational policies developed in the municipality.
Repercussões da COVID-19 na assistência odontológica das Equipes de Saúde Bucal em dois municípios do Cariri cearense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24)
Silva, Micael Sampaio da
;
Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-7848
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5607377006166477
Investigating the care and work practices of dental surgeons in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to assess the risks and understand dental care experiences in a challenging context, contributing to management and health education decisions based on evidence and situational singularities. Thus, the objective was to identify and analyze the repercussions of COVID-19 on dental care provided by dental surgeons from the Oral Health Teams (ESB) of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the municipalities of Crato and Barbalha, located in the south of the state of Ceará, with a focus on the quality of services and the safety of patients and health professionals. This is a descriptive empirical study with an objective and practical dimension, with a quantitative-qualitative cross-sectional approach, which involved 30 dental surgeons and was carried out between April and June 2023. For data collection, an online form was used from the Google Forms platform (Google Corp.) with objective and subjective questions to which participants reported their practical experiences related to their work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed a reduction in dental care, accepted by 93.3% of dentists, and a change in the oral health practices of these professionals, prioritizing activities that did not generate aerosols in dental environments. On the other hand, the reorganization of care resulted in discontent on the part of dental service users due to the impossibility of carrying out elective procedures, producing a care gap. The lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), the unavailability of materials and instruments and the persistence of health managers to increase the number of appointments were challenges faced by the ESB. Therefore, this research supports the design and development of strategies and actions to improve the infrastructure of dental care as a requirement to guarantee the quality of services and the safety of professionals and patients. It will also serve as the basis for the creation of a technical product, a manual of good biosafety practices for dental clinics.
Estudo de viabilidade de catálise enzimática por lipases para a hidrólise e síntese de intermediário da indústria de antibióticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Costa, Ana Paula Lima da
;
Tardioli, Paulo Waldir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8409673267955210
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1204-9704
Antibiotics are considered one of the most successful discoveries in the history of medicine. However, the production of these drugs via chemical route generates harmful effluents. Being an intermediate for the enzymatic synthesis of important β-lactam antibiotics, D-phenylglycine methyl ester (PGME) is produced using highly toxic reagents, with low product enantioselectivity. Enzymatic processes have emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative for the synthesis of antibiotics and their intermediates, and lipases stand out for catalyzing a variety of reactions. Thus, this work aimed to develop an unprecedented enzymatic route for the synthesis of PMGE from the esterification reaction of the amino acid D-phenylglycine (Phenylglycine-PG) with methanol catalyzed by commercial lipases. The initial study evaluated solvents favorable to PG solubility, however it proved to be poorly soluble in the solvents tested, requiring the addition of 0.5 M hydrochloric acid or ionic liquid to observe any solubility. The specificity of a range of lipases in relation to the hydrolysis activity of PGME was investigated, in order to verify that the lipases evaluated showed good performance in hydrolysis, with the potential to catalyze the reverse reaction (esterification), with emphasis on lipase B from Candida antarctica which yielded higher reaction rate and better substrate affinity based on Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters. A new gas chromatography method was implemented to separate and characterize PGME, whose strategy is little explored in the literature. Different esterification reaction tests were carried out and only with the aid of the liquid chromatography technique coupled to a mass spectrometer (LC/MS) it was possible to prove the synthesis of the ester, which showed low conversions, even so, showing itself to be unprecedented in the literature. There is limited information about the reaction via the enzymatic route o produce PGME, therefore, the study developed could contribute to the advancement of knowledge in this area.
Uma análise dos sistemas de controle interno dos legislativos municipais de cinco capitais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Santos, Bruno Barbosa de Souza
;
Cepêda, Vera Alves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9830516594396352
This Master Thesis aims to identify the main aspects of an Internal Control system within the municipal Legislative branch. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the existing regulatory and formatting models within the internal control systems of Municipal Chambers, examining the structures of the teams composing these internal control systems to determine a benchmark value that could be used by other institutions, considering the relationship between public resources allocated to these entities and the number of staff members working in the central internal control unit. To achieve these objectives, a multiple-case study was conducted, selecting the Municipal Chambers of Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, Manaus, Goiânia, and Salvador. The selection criterion was based on being the state capitals that received, on average, the highest allocations of Executive Branch funds between 2017 and 2020. Data collection involved documentary analysis, enabling a comprehensive approach to internal control systems in each location. Among the findings, it stands out that Porto Alegre lacks internal control in the Legislative sphere independent of the Executive power, while Manaus faces challenges in complying with the Access to Information Law. Conversely, Goiânia and Salvador have central internal control bodies linked to the Chamber Presidency, and in Rio de Janeiro to the Board of Directors, an institutional arrangement that impacts the autonomy of control bodies. Furthermore, it is argued that creating these bodies through municipal law ensures stability, with Rio de Janeiro being the only one to require specific qualifications for the top position, promoting independence. Based on the studied cases, this study suggests that for every increase of R$ 25,000,000 in the Legislative budget, at least one public servant should be designated to work in the entity's internal control. This measure aims to strengthen internal defense capabilities, as established by the 1988 Federal Constitution for public bodies in fulfilling their institutional mission.
Geogovernança em cidades inteligentes: inovações disruptivas e a ciência cidadã aplicadas à construção da inteligência territorial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-27)
Silva, Andréa Oliveira da
;
Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-6505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4381590244041179
In the information age, cities are interconnected not only through transportation networks but also via data networks. Thus, solutions to urban problems are increasingly supported by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), facilitating better interaction between government and citizens. In smart cities, information plays a crucial role and enables smart governance through open governments, making them more participatory, transparent, democratic, and responsive. Furthermore, it allows for spatial analysis and planning using the Multipurpose Territorial Cadastre (MTC) in conjunction with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In this context, the research investigates the landscape of geotechnologies and citizen participation applied by the governments of Brazilian capitals and the metropolitan regions of Brasília, Fortaleza, Manaus, São Paulo, and Curitiba. Through exploratory research with quantitative and qualitative analyses, the availability of MTC and collaborative participation on the web was examined. The first part involved identifying cities with active geoportals and evaluating these geoportals based on the existence and accessibility of information, verifying the presence of MTC attributes: (i) cadastral information; (ii) thematic information; and (iii) collaborative interface. The second part analyzed collaborative participation platforms, considering the availability of forms of citizen participation. Established scenarios based on urban information available for government-citizen interaction and ICT-assisted citizen participation provided a basis for understanding the role of territorial intelligence activated by disruptive innovations in smart city governance. The research highlighted advancements in transparency and access to urban information in some Brazilian regions but also revealed significant disparities in the availability of MTCs and geoinformation, especially in the North region. Citizen participation and MTC usage remain limited, underscoring the need to enhance these tools to strengthen geogovernance.