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Classificação de visada e mitigação de erros de estimativa de distância em sistemas UWB
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Lima, Danilo Souza; Hernandes, André Carmona; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6806138514642732; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-9903; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1646627286224987
This master's thesis investigates the classification of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions and their impact on distance measurement accuracy in Ultra-Wideband (UWB) positioning systems. The focus of the research was to develop and validate a machine learning model capable of dynamically classifying LOS and NLOS conditions to adjust the system's parameters for error mitigation. This involved the design of custom hardware and software to conduct extensive tests under various simulated environmental conditions, mirroring real-world complexities. The results demonstrated that the machine learning model significantly enhanced measurement accuracy, reducing average distance errors from over 10 centimeters in baseline conditions to under 3 centimeters in optimized setups. The implications of these findings underscores the potential of adaptive learning models to improve the reliability and operational efficiency of UWB systems, particularly in complex indoor environments. The model's ability to adapt to changing conditions and accurately classify signal disruptions due to physical obstructions provides a critical improvement over traditional static modeling approaches. This research lays the groundwork for future advancements in UWB technology, suggesting that integrating machine learning into UWB systems can lead to more robust and accurate indoor positioning solutions that are crucial for industries like logistics, autonomous navigation, and smart building management.
Diagnóstico de influência para modelos de regressão linear censurada com misturas de escala assimétrica de distribuições normais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Guzman, Daniel Camilo Fuentes; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-9554; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2331533814499858; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3402-0387
In this research, we conducted studies on local and global influence diagnostics for \sigla{SSMN-CR}{Censored Linear Regression Models with Skew Scale Mixtures of Normal Distributions}, proposed by \citeonline{guzman2020}. Initially, we discussed methods for generating censored data, specifically presenting methods to generate randomly censored data with both unilateral and interval censoring. Subsequently, we addressed case deletion and local influence diagnostics based on the \textit{Q} function, inspired by the findings of \citeonline{zhu} and \citeonline{zhuelee}. To analyze the sensitivity of the maximum likelihood estimators of the SSMN-CR model parameters to small perturbations in assumptions and/or data, we considered various perturbation schemes, such as case weighting, explanatory variables, response variables, and perturbations in scale and skewness parameters. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology, we presented the analysis of a real dataset and three simulation studies.
Essays on foreign direct investment and corruption: review and empirical study
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Onody, Vanessa da Silva Mariotto; Moralles, Herick Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3603674784653923; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-9443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3450654917662565; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5494-1388
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a crucial development tool for many emerging regions. A specific issue explored in the international business literature is the relationship between corruption and FDI, examining whether corruption repels foreign investments (acting as "sand") or attracts more foreign investments (acting as "grease"). Several authors in the international literature have analyzed factors influencing the outcomes of this relationship, but few have investigated the role of corruption in FDI at the regional level, especially in emerging countries in Latin America, including Brazil. This thesis examines the relationship between corruption and regional concentration of FDI. To do so, two chapters (2 and 3) have been developed in the form of articles. The first is theoretical and serves to contextualize the research themes through a systematic literature review method, highlighting the trend of corruption as "sand" or "grease" in the analyzed studies. The next article, on the other hand, is applied, utilizing statistical analyses. To characterize this study, a new dataset with regional-level information on FDI is used to investigate whether foreign companies can tolerate some level of corruption in exchange for specific location-based advantages, thus challenging the binary view of the "sand" or "grease" hypothesis. As the main results, Chapter 2 revealed that research on macroeconomic factors is the most robust determinant in articles on the subject. These factors are understood to include institutional quality, governance, political and financial institutional risk, and business environments. Corruption is demonstrated in many studies as an indicator to be considered among other researched factors, observing the scarcity of research exclusively on the topic. After an extensive literature analysis, the main trend of the "sand or grease" hypothesis in emerging countries is concluded to lean towards "sand." With the third chapter, it was possible to empirically examine the sensitivity of multinational companies (MNCs) to corruption in the Latin American economy at the level of individual sectors. It was observed that corruption functions as a "lubricant" for both FDI and at the level of individual sectors. Finally, by using a non-linear approach, it was detailed that corruption functions as a lubricant for FDI only in regions with intermediate (medium-low) levels of corruption. This thesis provides a general contribution to national and international literature on the issue of the relationship between regional attractiveness of FDI and corruption in emerging countries in Latin America.
Musicalidades negras na educação musical: uma reflexão sobre os currículos de formação docente na perspectiva da Lei. 10.639/03
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Justino, Jussara Aparecida de Paula; Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-0501; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2961903056004496
This research aims to propose a reflection on ethnic-racial relations and anti-racist education in the music education field starting from a critical evaluation of the curricular proposal for teacher’s training. The generating elements for the research are black musicalities and the guidelines in Brazilian Law 10.639/03, historically situated as decolonial and anti-racist possibilities on the content organization and educational practices from a racial literacy - a concept in practice on black movement activism contemporaneously revisited as another anti- racist possibility. The research matters reflect how important it is to bring to musical education these musicalities as a form of deconstruction, anti-racist and decolonial strategy in order to bring awareness to curricular proposals in academic degrees in Music. The theoretical approaches intersect with the main authors in the ethnic-racial relations discussions, such as: Bento (2022), Fanon (2008), Ferreira (2019), Lopes (2011); in the curricular proposals discussions: Arroyo (2018), Ferreira (2019), Souza (2011); in the music education field: Azevedo (2011, 2019), Brito (2003), Gilroy (2019), Joly et Severino (2016), Kazadi Wa Mukuna (2000), Koellreutter (1997), Salomão (2021); in decoloniality discussions: Barreto (2018), Costa, Grosfoguel et Torres (2018), Gonzales (2018), Kilomba (2019), Nascimento (2021), Quijano (2017), and anti-racist education field: Acho (2021), Almeida (2019), Fonseca (2012), hooks (2017), Pinheiro (2023), Ribeiro (2018). The methodology’s approach was the focus group’s perspective, qualitative research, and online meetings were conducted for reflection and discussion on the theme; the data collect was made through recording the meetings on the Google Meet platform, reports and the researcher’s description from the participant’s reports as well as the dialogue with the theoretical references. The results are the crossings and
Construção de um robô SCARA colaborativo com base em sensoriamento capacitivo de baixo custo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Martos, Lucas Santana; Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435
The robotics trade is predicted to experience exponential growth until 2038. Industrial automation aims to replace manual labor with automated robots, impacting companies of all sizes, especially in the Asian market where there is significant financial investment and available technology. In Brazil, there is an observed increase in automation, although small and medium-sized enterprises face significant challenges. Collaborative robots, also known as cobots, are being introduced to make automation more accessible, although the price of sensors remains a barrier. SCARA robots stand out for their efficiency in planar assembly tasks due to their structure and speed. Cobots are characterized by having sensing capabilities to deal with the presence of individuals in their work environment, either by stopping or by joint action, using optical, contact, radar, and various other sensors. This paper presents the development of a SCARA robotic arm, emphasizing its accessibility and efficiency for small and medium-sized enterprises. The mechanical assembly was optimized to reduce costs and simplify the manufacturing process. The electronic system was implemented using the Arduino UNO microcontroller due to its simplicity and affordable cost, despite being sensitive to noise. Mathematical modeling based on inverse kinematics was crucial for precise control of the robotic arm's position. Tactile sensing was addressed economically, ensuring accuracy and reliability in contact detection, even on metallic structures, although sensitive to noise, which makes the use of cobots viable in the Brazilian market and stimulates the growth of the national industry.
Pseudo-parallel immersions of Lorentzian manifolds in pseudo-Riemannian space forms
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Melara Estrada, Mynor Ademar; Villagra, Guillermo Antonio Lobos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962956853017869; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-0083; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3320692889941905; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3753-8744
In this Ph.D. thesis, we study pseudo-parallel submanifolds in pseudo-Riemannian space forms. We give a characterization of pseudo-parallel Lorentzian surfaces with non-flat normal bundle in pseudo-Riemannian space forms as λ-isotropic surfaces, extending an analogous result by Asperti-Lobos-Mercuri in the Riemannian case. Consequently, for this kind of Lorentzian surfaces we give a characterization using the concept of hyperbola of curvature and get a non-existence result when the ambient space is a Lorentzian space form. In particular, when the ambient space is a 4-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian space form, we obtain that any pseudo-parallel Lorentzian surface with non-flat normal bundle is super-extremal, i.e., a λ-isotropic surface with everywhere vanishing mean curvature vector field, and the ambient space must have metric of index 2. In the case where the pseudo-parallelism function is constant, we explicitly describe these surfaces with codimension two, obtaining that they are parallel surfaces and exist in non-flat space forms, and for the case where the pseudo-parallelism function is non-constant we give explicit examples of these surfaces in the 4-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with metric of index 2. An example of an extremal and flat pseudo-parallel Lorentzian surface with non-flat normal bundle which is not semi-parallel is given in codimension three. We continue the study of pseudo-parallel Lorentzian hypersurfaces in Lorentzian space forms started by Lobos, by completing the characterization of the Weingarten operator even when it is non-diagonalizable. Then, we consider the case where the pseudo-parallelism function is constant and different from the curvature of the ambient space and give the local classification of these hypersurfaces under the hypothesis of being good in the sense of Ryan. We also give a classification of the connected complete semi-parallel Lorentzian hypersurfaces of the Minkowski space and a local classification of the pseudo-parallel Lorentzian hypersurfaces with constant pseudo-parallelism function and constant mean curvature in Lorentzian space forms.
A organização das redes municipais de educação e os conselhos gestores: entre o Gerencialismo e a Gestão Social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Oliveira, Flávio Sebastião de; Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1423-898X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0842748438069913; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6550-0200
The present work carried out a double case study, with a simple comparison, of two municipal education networks in the interior of the State of São Paulo, the first with its own education system, which presents greater autonomy and more effective action by the education management councils – CME, CAE and CACS-Fundeb – and the other, which is linked to the state network, with less autonomy and less effective participation of management councils, concluding that the combination of institutional formats that encompass technical and political aspects contributes to greater effectiveness in public educational policy developed in the municipality – called state capacity – from the perspective of managerial and societal management models. The two municipal networks were selected based on previously established criteria, such as serving the same level of education (preschool and elementary education – initial years), belonging to the same regional education jurisdiction, having identical physical structure of the educational network and similar HDI, differing only in terms of the structural-legal format and degree of social participation through management councils. The research was based on qualitative and quantitative analysis based on documentary analysis and interviews with presidents of management councils and directors of municipal education. In the end, the data and information obtained were analyzed in light of the results obtained by the respective municipal education network in external evaluations and the theoretical framework on the topic. The results showed that there is a relationship between the institutional format that includes technical (managerial management) and political (societal) aspects and the effectiveness of educational policies developed in the municipality.
Repercussões da COVID-19 na assistência odontológica das Equipes de Saúde Bucal em dois municípios do Cariri cearense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-05-24) Silva, Micael Sampaio da; Fioroni, Luciana Nogueira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086810053892035; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2311-7848; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5607377006166477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-8238
Investigating the care and work practices of dental surgeons in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to assess the risks and understand dental care experiences in a challenging context, contributing to management and health education decisions based on evidence and situational singularities. Thus, the objective was to identify and analyze the repercussions of COVID-19 on dental care provided by dental surgeons from the Oral Health Teams (ESB) of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the municipalities of Crato and Barbalha, located in the south of the state of Ceará, with a focus on the quality of services and the safety of patients and health professionals. This is a descriptive empirical study with an objective and practical dimension, with a quantitative-qualitative cross-sectional approach, which involved 30 dental surgeons and was carried out between April and June 2023. For data collection, an online form was used from the Google Forms platform (Google Corp.) with objective and subjective questions to which participants reported their practical experiences related to their work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed a reduction in dental care, accepted by 93.3% of dentists, and a change in the oral health practices of these professionals, prioritizing activities that did not generate aerosols in dental environments. On the other hand, the reorganization of care resulted in discontent on the part of dental service users due to the impossibility of carrying out elective procedures, producing a care gap. The lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), the unavailability of materials and instruments and the persistence of health managers to increase the number of appointments were challenges faced by the ESB. Therefore, this research supports the design and development of strategies and actions to improve the infrastructure of dental care as a requirement to guarantee the quality of services and the safety of professionals and patients. It will also serve as the basis for the creation of a technical product, a manual of good biosafety practices for dental clinics.