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Binchotan charcoal as a renewable source for partial replacement of calcined petroleum coke in the aluminum industry
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11) Pereira, Lucas Clarindo; Barros, João Lúcio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3142988367509007; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-9314; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-8163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2581921256544169; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-732X
Fossil-based materials have been used in the aluminum industry for many decades but cause major environmental impacts. The use of biomaterials can help to reduce these impacts. The aluminum industry uses calcined petroleum coke and coal tar pitch in carbon anode production, and the anodes act as chemical reducers and electrical conductors during the alumina electrolysis process. This work evaluated the partial replacement of calcined petroleum coke with binchotan charcoal, aiming at the production of carbon anodes. Binchotan was used because it is a type of charcoal characterized for showing high carbon content, high density, and low electrical resistivity. The study was carried out in partnership with an aluminum production company, which allowed the use of materials, methodologies, and equipment that are applied in conventional anodes. The literature review (Chapter 1) addresses concepts related to biomass, reduction processes, the origin, characteristics, and production process of binchotan charcoal. The materials characterization is in Chapter 2. Samples of binchotan charcoal were analyzed and compared to calcined petroleum coke. The following analyses were performed: proximate analysis, chemical composition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry, density, higher heating value, electrical resistivity, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Binchotan charcoal showed high carbon content and low ash content, but these values were better in coke. Analyzing the SEM images, a higher porosity was observed in binchotan charcoal. The thermal behavior was similar in all the materials, as were the FTIR spectra. The density of the coke was higher than that of the binchotan charcoal and the results of higher heating values were similar. Binchotan charcoal showed an electrical resistivity higher than petroleum coke. The XRD patterns were similar and showed the presence of graphite in the materials, with higher intensity in coke. In general, the properties of calcined petroleum coke were better than those of binchotan charcoal, although the results indicated that a replacement of small percentages would be feasible. The production of carbon anodes with the addition of binchotan charcoal is described in Chapter 3. The anodes were produced on a laboratory scale, replacing 1% and 3% of calcined petroleum coke with binchotan charcoal. The samples were analyzed by chemical composition, apparent density, mechanical strength, CO2 reactivity, and electrical resistivity. The obtained data was compared with an industrial reference standard. All the results were considered acceptable, suggesting that it is possible to make a partial substitution of calcined petroleum coke for binchotan charcoal. From a technical point of view, the addition of small percentages of binchotan charcoal in the carbon anodes proved to be viable.
A - falta de - representatividade negra nos livros didáticos de filosofia do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11) Rodrigues, Natália Regina; La Salvia, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5840163842088553; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-5052; Bezerra Neto, Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-3467; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1308660033066051; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-2539
This dissertation consists of the analysis of Philosophy textbooks approved by the PNLD in 2018, highlighting the hegemonic presence of the so-called Canon, composed mostly of men, white, Euro-North Americans, and the consequent absence of black male and female philosophers from these materials., distancing Philosophy, as a curricular component, from compliance with the notorious Law 10.639/03 and presenting students with the white male standard as a representation of intellectuality. Aiming to resolve the consequences of the lack of this representation, teaching material was created that introduces students to the biography and thought produced by black Africans and their diaspora, demonstrating the silencing of knowledge produced by this portion of the population doing so. the non-existent opinion. This task was carried out primarily in light of the concepts forged by Sueli Carneiro in her thesis The construction of the Other as Non-Being as the Foundation of Being, namely: raciality/biopower device and epistemicide.
A formação do professor de Matemática e a utilização de recursos digitais: uma proposta inspirada no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11) Senna, Karina Aguena Shimizu; Pires, Rogério Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5310-1997; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767702481649113
This study presents and discusses the results of a research aimed at analyzing the implications of training for mathematics teachers in face-to-face classes using digital technologies in the period after social isolation. The qualitative research, carried out with seven mathematics teachers from public schools who taught in the final years of elementary school, was based on the training of mathematics teachers in the use of new technologies and the possible contributions of this practice to classroom teaching. For the development of the research, the training was divided into two modules, the first was developed through two workshops that covered the main features of Google Tools and the second was developed through four workshops that presented the main features of the 2D visualization window of the GeoGebra software and how to associate the use of this application with the skills developed in the Currículo em Ação material. For data collection, in addition to the recordings made during the workshops, a questionnaire was made available before the start of the training to guide the paths and strategies to be developed in the workshops, a questionnaire at the end of each module to analyze each theme, Google Tools and GeoGebra, and another at the end related to the Training Course. According to the bibliographic study carried out, the integration of digital technologies in teaching has been discussed for some time, but since the period during remote teaching, the subject has once again come to the fore, as teachers suddenly had to use digital resources to continue teaching. But despite the importance of the subject, technological integration and teacher training in school institutions were still insufficient. For the literature review, a survey was carried out of productions available in national journals classified in Qualis CAPES, 2017 - 2020, categorized as A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2. Kenski, Borba, Penteado, Scucuglia, Gadanidis and Richit were used for the theoretical basis. For data analysis, the study was based on the observation of qualitative data and maintaining this conjunction, the quantitative interpretation was not excluded, since they served as a foundation and authenticity for the qualitative point of view. Therefore, the research showed that the training enabled the teachers to use technological resources safely, enabled the participants to take ownership of the basic concepts, helped in the development of teaching practices, led to reflection on teaching methodologies, allowed the sharing of experiences between peers and made it possible to associate technological resources with the curriculum. As a result, the combination of these actions provides an opportunity for qualitative and meaningful teaching, always seeking the role of the student so that they can develop their own knowledge. In addition to the implications found, the study can help teachers who teach mathematics, teacher training programs and undergraduate students in mathematics or related areas. In addition, this material can be used as inspiration for extension courses on initial or continuing training for mathematics teachers.
Transformações do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra – Da Reforma Agrária Ao Certificado De Recebíveis Agrícolas (CRA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-06-11) Lima, Matheus Carvalho Assumpção de; Donadone, Julio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4328190497436022
Social movements are of fundamental importance for the effective articulation of demands in the face of the first sector (government) and are essential in a demo-cratic society, as they enable the expansion of discussions on public policies that are beneficial for part of the population. From this perspective, the action of social movements aimed at demanding agrarian reform, especially the MST, is necessary in Brazilian territory, as it is a country that, admittedly, prioritizes large estates to the detriment of family farming. That said, this work focused on the entire history of the MST's actions, considering historical precedents, its creation, chronological evolution of narratives and demands, taking as a basis, especially, publications made in the media (sem-terra newspaper, newsletters, Movement website, etc.). Furthermore, the way in which the Movement raised financial resources over the years was also an object of study. In this regard, it is essential to analyze the forms of action of the MST and the details of the MST's communication. And, finally, an assessment of possible internal dissonances between the MST as an institution and the settlers and peasant workers.