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Locação das estruturas de lazer e cultura como fonte de captação de recursos próprios: o caso da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Mendes, Alessandra Melo da Silva; Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141230203546076; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5234708522385413
In recent years, Federal Higher Education Institutions (IFES) have undergone changes in budgetary scenarios, including a reduction in transfers from the Federal Government, their main financier. Faced with these changes, IFES had to adapt to the scarcity, looking for ways to efficiently apply their resources and/or reduce expenses, without losing their main focus, which is the provision of quality education services. The study addresses the importance of the autonomy of federal public universities, focusing especially on financial autonomy and the need to generate own resources to complement government funding. Autonomy allows institutions to decide on the application of discretionary resources, essential for non-mandatory areas such as research, extension and investments in infrastructure. The research approach used was qualitative, and the methods were traditional literature review and case study. The objective of this dissertation is to propose a guide to assist in pricing the rental of UFMT's leisure and cultural structures, so that they become a source of fundraising. Among the specific objectives are the identification of the main leisure and cultural structures at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, proposing a pricing policy for the rental of these structures and suggesting a resolution to institutionalize the pricing policy based on costs. Through the data collected in the case study, it was possible to identify the items that are contained in the full cost of each structure, extracting those that are paid with discretionary resources, allowing the identification of the effective impacts on the entity's budgetary-financial planning. The study proposes a pricing policy for these structures, aiming to mitigate the financial impact of these infrastructures on the institution's discretionary budget. Clear steps to be followed in implementing this policy were outlined, aiming to institutionalize efficient and transparent management practices. The research is justified by the need to promote efficient public management, which supports the autonomy of universities through the generation of their own revenue. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of a strategic cost view for an efficient allocation of resources in the public sector.
Caracterização reo-óptica da interação entre desenovelamento e desenrosco de cadeias poliméricas em fluxo cisalhante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Tambolim, Murilo; Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7959-1872; Canto, Leonardo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-005X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0657987429809013; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8338-4136
Rheo-optical studies involve monitoring the flow of polymers by measuring their optical properties. In the case of pure polymeric fluids, flow birefringence can be used to quantify the molecular chain orientation. This study conducted flow birefringence experiments using atactic homopolymer pure polystyrene under various shear rates, shear cycles, and temperatures. These experiments were conducted using a polarized light optical microscope coupled with a controlled shear system and a transmitted light optical detector. The research focused on analyzing the degree of chain orientation and its correlation with the dynamics of chain uncoil, disentanglement and recoil. The expected increase in the orientation level as a function of the increase in the shear rate due to the chain uncoiling was confirmed. Over time, the degree of chain orientation decreased, primarily associated with chain disentanglement followed by recoiling. Notably, disentanglement was observed to be irreversible, whereas uncoiling and recoiling were reversibleprocesses. Based on these observations, a model was proposed to depict these molecular dynamics.
Possibilidades de inclusão do tema prevenção à violência de gênero nas aulas de Ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Matareli, Débora Cristina Garcia; Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0853746645322544; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0024-9506; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7775322205940117; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-0179
In a world marked by rising rates of violence, especially gender-based violence, schools are emerging as possible spaces to help promote awareness and prevention. The science curriculum, focused on health in elementary school, has the potential to transform this context. The documentary research highlighted a significant gap in the study of gender violence prevention. A qualitative approach was used with documentary research and content analysis, following the stages of pre-analysis, exploration of the material and treatment of the results. The analysis focused on the BNCC and the São Paulo Curriculum, in the parts corresponding to the teaching of Natural Sciences, complemented by a complete analysis of the booklet “Violence against women is not normal”. The analysis revealed that, although the curriculum documents address important aspects of health and prevention, there is a lack of explicit discussion of gender violence and gender equality. In the BNCC, topics such as individual and collective health are discussed, but gender-based violence is completely omitted. In the São Paulo Curriculum, there is a significant emphasis on health and prevention, but again, gender-based violence is not addressed. The absence of gender violence themes in official curricula reflects a 'blatant silence' that must be overcome, as well as highlighting the need to integrate these discussions transversally and continuously into the school curriculum, promoting an education that informs and transforms. The research concludes that it is essential to include themes of gender-based violence in the school curriculum in order to promote active and critical citizenship. It recommends updating curriculum documents, continuing training for educators, creating safe environments in schools and using tools such as Pedagogical Dialogical Talks to enrich educational practice. With these strategies, it is possible to promote an inclusive and transformative education, contributing to the construction of a fairer and more equal society.
Correlações intrínsecas em sistemas tipo-Dirac confinados por um campo magnético constante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Silva, Caio Fernando e; Bernardini, Alex Eduardo de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5215976260958847; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-5479; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4183915878240703; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5763-7959
The Weyl-Wigner formalism in phase space is investigated in the context of Dirac spinors as qubits correlated by continuous degrees of freedom. The extension to relativistic equations connects quantum mechanical phenomena to quantifiers of the information stored in the Hilbert spaces of a confined Dirac particle. In particular, one focuses in linear entropy measures, calculated from the Wigner function for equal times. On the other hand, quantum information can be calculated by an entanglement measure, the quantum concurrence. In this context, to investigate the aspects of a quantum information theory, a fermion trapped by a magnetic field is considered. One finds that this entanglement measure is affected by interference in the configuration space, but not by linear combinations in phase space. Cat states can be obtained analytically as Gaussian superpositions dependent on a distance parameter in phase space. These states are followed by patterns of temporal evolution known as quantum revivals, as predicted for highly localized solutions. However, the unexpected feature is that the symmetry of cat states prevents them from following the usual dynamics. Namely, they exhibit fractional revivals with respect to their classical counterparts. Finally, statistical ensembles of Wigner-Dirac functions are also considered. A unique measure of quantum concurrence for mixed states is investigated. In this context, the partition function of the canonically distributed ensembles is also calculated. It is obtained from complex integration techniques, exhibiting distinct behavior for high and low temperatures. Respectively, a polynomial dependence on temperature and an expansion in terms of analytically continued Hurwitz functions are observed. Since this is the object that also describes the thermodynamics of confined Dirac-like systems in reduced spatial dimensions, our result establishes the formalism for calculating intrinsic correlations in systems that exhibit the same algebra as the Dirac equation in three spatial dimensions. In this context, we propose a method that can be applied to low energy systems, from electronic bands to bosonic systems.
Ensino de física potencializado pela aprendizagem da linguagem de programação python: uma sequência didática baseada nos três momentos pedagógicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Yamaguti, Mateus Xavier; Carvalho Neto, João Teles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622059450756991; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7917-2478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1517475645301874; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9149-8876
Understanding the need to renew current physics teaching, with the use of innovative strategies such as the use of digital resources, this qualitative and exploratory research seeks to discuss the potential that the Python programming language has in teaching Physics combined with methodology of teaching the Three Pedagogical Moments (3PM). For this, the Case Study research methodology was used, applied to a group of high school students from a public school in the interior of the state of São Paulo during the after-school shift remotely. To make this research possible, the research professor developed digital teaching materials and resources with the aim of enhancing teaching, and also achieving the development of Scientific Literacy and Technology (SLT) in students, relating the concepts of Physics and programming language Python, supported by 3PM. From the content analysis of the data constituted in the research, it was possible to establish three categories, signs of learning in Physics and/or programming, problematization and/or application of the subjects covered in class and indications of potential or limitations of teaching Physics with programming. Finally, these categories revealed that there are potentialities such as promoting the understanding of physical concepts and visualization of their phenomena. However, there is still a need to create resources and strategies that minimize the initial impact of the programming language and promote greater affinity with the student audience.
Negative self-rated health and non-utilization of university restaurants are associated with overweight and obesity among college students in Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Dias, Flávia Santos Batista; Silva-Nunes, Mônica da; Ramalho, Alanderson Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8240520191833512; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5180108615629613; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1173989709557324
The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with overweight and obesity in a sample of university students. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical observational study conducted with undergraduate students at the main campus of the Federal University of Acre. The study included a total of 655 students, 58.3% being female and 41.7% male. The overweight was 48.9%, with higher rates among males (53.8%), those aged 30 years and older (76.6%), and those from families with incomes above three minimum wages (57.2%). Obesity was present in 18.2% of students, with higher rates among females (18.8%), those aged 30 years and older (34.2%), and 19.1% among those from families with incomes above three minimum wages. The age group of 30 years and older; non-utilization of the university restaurant; being female; and self-rated health as regular, poor, or very poor emerged as associated factors with overweight in university students in the adjusted final model. The same association pattern for obesity was observed, except for the variable of gender. The findings of this study point to a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among older university students, those who reported unfavorable self-rated health, and those who reported not consuming meals offered at the UR.
O desafio das oito rainhas: um estudo sobre as soluções fundamentais do problema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Carvalho, Ana Laura Ivanov; Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8503606455851365
A million dollars awaits the solver of the chess challenge: arranging a thousand queens on a 1000x1000 chessboard so that none of them attacks another queen. This prize is offered by the Clay Mathematics Institute and remains unclaimed to this day. But the classic chess problem involves "only" eight queens on an 8x8 board, this study aims to explore solutions to this challenge using a mathematical approach based on the concepts of isometry: rotation and reflection applied to the board, along with combinatorial analysis concepts such as permutation, arrangement, and simple combination applied to piece arrangement. The goal is to find configurations that meet the problem's constraints and analyze whether these configurations are fundamental or derived from existing ones through the geometric properties of the chessboard. To achieve this, the strategy involves reducing the eight queens to the smallest possible number that allows a solution to the problem, beginning with four pieces. The results reveal new perspectives in solving the challenge, identifying symmetrical configurations representing equivalent solutions. It can be concluded that by applying simple mathematical concepts, it was possible to explore an old, classic problem in the field of computing, which involves a more complex algorithmic approach, in a simple and understandable manner for all readers.
Construção de sequência didática com crianças da educação infantil como ferramenta para a formação de percepção botânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Apolari, Ana Paula; Sebastiani, Renata; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-6137; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8152859218136173; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-2523
This dissertation investigates how the approach of Didactic Sequence (DS), based on Delizoicov's Three Pedagogical Moments (TPM) and Paulo Freire's concept of dialogicality, can enhance the understanding of botanical concepts in Early Childhood Education (ECE). The central research question is: how can the implementation of a DS, structured according to TPM and guided by dialogicality, contribute to the construction of botanical knowledge among young children? The methodology adopted is qualitative, utilizing an action-research approach. The study was conducted in a Jardim II class at a municipal school, where a DS specifically designed to introduce botanical concepts in an accessible and engaging manner was applied. The proposed activities included image observation, thematic songs, exploration of the school’s natural environment, and practical activities that encouraged children to recognize and name parts of plants. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the DS in promoting the learning of botanical concepts among children in the ECE age group, as well as integrating science into the children's daily lives in a way that stimulates curiosity and active involvement. The research also seeks to understand how TPM can be articulated in pedagogical practice to favor the construction of scientific knowledge from early childhood. The results indicate that the application of the DS, grounded in TPM, resulted in a greater understanding and engagement of the children with botanical content. The children were able to relate the knowledge acquired to their daily lives, demonstrating significant learning. Additionally, the research highlighted the importance of constant dialogue between teacher and students, promoting a learning environment where the children's spontaneous conceptions are valued and pedagogically developed. However, the research also revealed challenges, such as the need for more robust teacher training in the field of Botany, indicating that many professionals still feel insecure when addressing this content in Early Childhood Education.
Avaliação fisioterapêutica do complexo do ombro em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Nardini, Lívia Bernardi; Ferreira, Julia Kortstee; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
Introduction: Some studies have already indicated an association between Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and musculoskeletal alterations, particularly in the shoulder complex. Although the high prevalence of frozen shoulder in individuals with DM is well described in the literature, studies that analyzed shoulder alterations more broadly and functionally in this population are still scarce. Objective: This study aimed to compare shoulder pain and function between individuals with and without DM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 26 participants divided equally into two groups: 13 with DM and 13 controls without DM. Sociodemographic data and lifestyle habits were collected. Shoulder pain and function (using the SPADI questionnaire); active and passive range of motion of shoulder flexion, medial rotation, and lateral rotation; muscle function of shoulder flexors, medial and lateral rotators, and serratus anterior; and functional performance of the upper limb (assessed by TFAST) were evaluated and compared between groups. Normality of data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Student's parametric t-test was applied when data showed normal distribution to compare dependent variables between the two groups. For data that did not show normal distribution, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison. The significance level for all analyses was set at 5%. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed in shoulder pain, disability, range of motion, muscle strength, or functional performance between the DM and control groups. A slightly higher percentage of participants in the DM group reported shoulder pain compared to the control group (46.2% vs. 38.5%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the association between DM and musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulder may be more complex than initially presumed, suggesting the influence of intermediate and multiple factors. Additionally, the presence of healthy lifestyle habits, such as physical activity and absence of smoking, in the sample of this study specifically may have influenced the results.
Otimização do processo de sinterização e caracterização termomecânica de uma nova bauxita refratária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-04) Noronha, Luiz Gustavo Moreira; Muche, Dereck Nills Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6542991023278848; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-8757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5210853401015926; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3352-7354
The global market for refractory grade bauxite (RGB) has historically been supplied by only two distinct sources of ore. This scenario is primarily attributed to the stringent requirements of chemical and mineralogical specifications essential for this particular type of material. The primary suppliers are concentrated in China and Guiana, producing materials with high levels of Al2O3, reduced levels of Fe2O3, and a slight increase in TiO2 content. Upon examining the mineralogical phases of refractory grade bauxite (RGB), it is evident that major producers exhibit higher concentrations of conríndom, tialite, and mullite. Due to these rigorous specifications and the inherent complexity in the production process, no new supplier has emerged as a viable source of RGB thus far. However, a new bauxite mine in Brazil, located in the state of Goiás, at Barro Alto, has demonstrated the capability to produce bauxite with higher Al2O3 content and reduced TiO2 content, thereby differing from global standards in chemical and mineralogical composition, notably by the lower presence of TiO2 in its product. In this context, the present study focuses on the processing of Brazilian refractory grade bauxite, centering on two main areas: i) Optimizing the sintering process of bauxite for the development of benchmark properties; ii) Directly comparing Brazilian bauxite with global standards (refractory grade bauxite from Guiana and China), particularly concerning thermomechanical properties. The data obtained regarding load-bearing refractoriness, along with the results of chemical and mineralogical characterization, have demonstrated that refractory grade bauxite (RGB) derived from Brazilian Bauxite exhibits comparable performance to conventional bauxite products originating from China and Guiana. This finding establishes its viability as a robust alternative to materials traditionally employed globally.