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Ansiedade matemática em professores que ensinam matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-07)
Oliveira, Laôr Fernandes de
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Silva, Janaina Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5479838101146249
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8194005344500135
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-1152
A ansiedade matemática é caracterizada por um conjunto específico de reações fisiológicas desagradáveis, como respostas cognitivas e comportamentais a estímulos matemáticos simples ou complexos que exigem o uso de habilidades matemáticas. A ansiedade matemática é mais apropriadamente descrita como padrões de reações comportamentais (fuga e esquiva), cognitivas (regras e autorregeras depreciativas) e fisiológicas desagradáveis diante de situações que envolvem a aplicação de algum conhecimento matemático. A ansiedade matemática tem mostrado interferência no desempenho de tarefas matemáticas, tanto de alunos como de professores. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetivou realizar uma revisão sistemática de artigos empíricos sobre ansiedade matemática em professores que lecionam matemática, publicados entre 2011 e 2021. Os conteúdos abordados nos 6 trabalhos incluídos estão relacionados à ansiedade matemática do professor. Os resultados indicam uma maior tendência de os professores iniciantes apresentarem ansiedade matemática. Esses dados sugerem a importância de se realizar o manejo da ansiedade em professores que estão iniciando o ensino de matemática.
Análise do desempenho térmico de um sistema de telhado verde e seu potencial de mitigação de ilhas de calor urbano em São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-08)
Pereira, Beatriz dos Reis
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Masiero, Érico
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-335X
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3953579665941095
The increase in air temperature is one of the phenomena that can be noticed both in scientific data and through the thermal sensation. This has been occurring due to high environmental degradation, mainly caused by intense urbanization. The use of green roofs can contribute to combat the effects of air temperature inside and outside buildings, as well as to increase air humidity and reduce Urban Heat Islands, turning cities safer, more comfortable and sustainable. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the contribution of green roofs to the decrease in air and cover surface temperature. The experiment was realized at the city of São Carlos – SP, Brazil, through the measurement of the air in surface temperature in two platforms, one with exposed soil and another with peanut grass After this step, air temperature data were collected from the subsurface area and base area under both platforms. The results obtained for the platform with peanut grass showed a reduction of 5°C to 6°C in the subsurface area, and 1°C to 2°C in the base area, in comparison with the platform with exposed soil. For the period at night between 6 pm and 8 am, the platform with vegetation had a lower decrease of temperature, maintaining the heat. The period of the day between 8 am and 6 pm, this platform revealed a significant temperature reduction. For the simulation using the ENVI-met software, air temperature data was collected in a social housing area, which was modeled with conventional ceramic roofs and green roofs. The results brought a decrease in air temperature of up to 0.67°C at 3pm, for the area with green roofs. This can be considered a significant value when observed on a microclimatic scale, which demonstrates its mitigation potential of urban heat islands. In this way, it is possible to claim that the implementation of green roofs has positive results to reduce temperature in hot seasons and climates, as well as to maintain it in cases of colder seasons and climates.
Estudo sobre o preconceito contra diversidade sexual e de gênero entre docentes de uma universidade pública federal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-10)
Souza, José Francisco Sampaio
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Stofel, Natália Sevilha
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Melo, Flávio Adriano Borges
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2146448542549482
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9920077540301520
Prejudice, like other manifestations of discrimination, involves an attempt to inferiorise one social group to another, which can affect the health and disease process of individuals, causing them to become ill. Aim: Analysis of prejudices against sexual and gender diversity among faculty members at a federal public university. Method: An analytical, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, carried out with teachers from different campuses of a public university in the interior of the State of São Paulo. An electronic form was used for data collection, with questions about the socio-demographic profile of the participants and the scale of prejudice against sexual and gender diversity. Analyses were performed using regression with a negative binomial distribution and an adjusted logarithmic link function, as well as Tukey's post-test. Results: 105 faculty members participated in the survey: 52 cis women and 53 cis men. The results show that cisgender male teachers tend to be more prejudiced against LGBT+ people than cisgender female teachers. In addition, 34.29% of teachers said they would feel uncomfortable going to places frequented by transvestites. Conclusions:There is prejudice against sexual and gender diversity among teachers at university. Cisgender male professors proved to be more prejudiced than cisgender female professors, showing a relationship between prejudice and gender. The presence of discomfort among lecturers when living in spaces frequented by transvestites highlights the hegemony of structural sexism and gender violence, which seeks to deny and/or erase what manifests itself as feminine in different social contexts. Gender Diversity. Sexual and Gender Minorities. Universities. Public Policy.
Proposta de exoesqueleto para reabilitação de mão parética devido acidente vascular cerebral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-10)
Flório, Sérgio Henrique
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Aroca, Rafael Vidal
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9262228584082064
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-6493
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5622660183956641
Exoskeletons have been increasingly used as devices with the aim of assisting in the rehabilitation process for people who have suffered strokes and the consequences of hemiparesis. A known effective means of rehabilitation is the use of mirror neuron activation and it is expected that the use of an exoskeleton to use in this rehabilitation process will be able to maximize the results of the treatment. The work aims to contribute with a possible solution for hand rehabilitation exoskeletons that are functional and that meet the mirror neuron motor learning program. From a review of academic and market material, we understood the main characteristics that separate the types of exoskeleton configuration and analyzed which of them are requirements to meet the needs of the motor learning program. The project includes the development of a prototype based on the most prominent configuration, which was electromechanical with simple movement dynamics. A mechanical configuration of wire and pulley traction was chosen to extend the fingers and wrist, due to the anatomical characteristics of the human hand. Virtual and real prototyping is carried out, in addition to laboratory validation. In another study developed by Gisele Paiva, this exoskeleton is used to carry out tests on patients with hand hemiparesis.
Óleo essencial de limão para controle do bolor verde (Penicillium digitatum sacc.) e bolor azul (Penicillium italicum wehmer)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-10)
Mariano, Beatriz Saraiva
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Devite, Fernando Trevizan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867480557280424
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Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
Green and blue molds, caused by the fungi Penicillium digitatum Sacc and Penicillium italicum Wehmer, respectively, have caused damage to citrus fruits, devaluing them for fresh trade. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of essential oils (EOs), extracted from lemon peel (Citrus limon L. Burmann f.), in the control of these pathogens. EOs extracted from four lemon genotypes were evaluated: Amber, Eureka, Harvey and Siciliano. In experiment 1, the control of P. digitatum by EOs was tested in vitro, using the agar diffusion method. The trial was carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 4x3 factorial scheme, with four lemon genotypes for EO extraction, three EO concentrations (4, 8 and 16 μL mL-1), with three replications. Plaque evaluations were carried out for seven days. The percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth was calculated for each concentration in relation to the control. In experiment 2, two post-harvest tests were carried out to evaluate the control of the fungi P. digitatum (1) and P. italicum (2) on Tahiti acid lime fruits. The experiments were carried out in DIC, in a 2x4x3 factorial scheme, with two control methods (preventive and curative), four lemon genotypes for EO extraction and three EO concentrations (0, 8 and 16 μL ml-1), with three repetitions per concentration, and ten fruits per repetition. In the preventive treatment, 20 μl of the solution with EO + Tween 80 (1%) was applied to each wound of the fruit and, after 24 hours, 20 μl of a suspension of the pathogen (1x103 conidia/ml for P. digitatum and 1x104 conidia/ml for P. italicum). In the curative control, fungi were inoculated and then solutions with EO + Tween 80 (1%). After pathogen inoculation, measurements of disease lesions were carried out over a period of seven days. The measurements obtained were used to determine the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD). The evaluation data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was observed in the in vitro test that there was no statistical difference between the genotypes, from day 4 onwards, at concentrations of 8 and 16 μL. In post-harvest trials, with the fungus P. digitatum (1), the Amber genotype showed greater fungal inhibition at a concentration of 16 μL. For the fungus P. italicum (2), at concentrations of 8 and 16 μL, the AACPD was lower in the curative control method compared to the preventive one. It was concluded, in the in vitro test, that EOs at concentrations 8 and 16 μL showed greater inhibition of the growth of Penicillium digitatum. In post-harvest, the Amber genotype, at a concentration of 16 μL, curative method, stood out for its greater fungal inhibition of Penicillium digitatum. Curative treatment showed superiority in inhibiting fungi compared to preventive treatment.
O pior controle glicêmico no diabetes e a deficiência de vitamina D prejudicam a velocidade de caminhada em pessoas idosas a longo prazo?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-10)
Luiz, Mariane Marques
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Oliveira, Cesar Messias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6763006996695958
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-4762
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
The mobility decline, evidenced by reduced walking speed (WS), is an important indicator of general health status and risk of adverse outcomes in older people. Although multifactorial, recent literature suggests that endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional diseases, such as diabetes and vitamin D deficiency, are factors associated with WS decline. However, no study has analyzed this association from the perspective of glycemic control of diabetes, measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and there are still controversies regarding the longitudinal association between vitamin D deficiency and slowness. Thus, the three objectives of this thesis were to verify if: 1) glycemic control status in diabetes is a risk factor for WS decline trajectories in older adults over eight years of follow-up; 2) the previous mobility condition of these individuals modifies these trajectories; and 3) vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are risk factors for incidence of slowness in older adults over six years of follow-up. Two studies were conducted with participants aged 60 or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). In study 1, a trajectory analysis, a sample of 3,202 participants and another of 2,126 participants without slowness (WS > 0.8 m/s) at baseline met the first and second objectives, respectively. At baseline and after four and eight years of follow-up, all participants were classified regarding glycemic control status as "without diabetes" (WD) (self-reported no diabetes and HbA1c < 6.5%), "adequate glycemic control" (AGC) (self-reported diabetes and HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and < 7.0%), and "poorer glycemic control" (PGC) (self-reported diabetes and HbA1c ≥ 7.0%). Generalized linear mixed models controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were used to analyze WS trajectories in m/s according to glycemic control status over the eight years of follow-up. Results showed the annual WS decline was more pronounced in individuals with PGC (-0.015 m/s) and AGC (-0.011 m/s) compared to WD individuals, corresponding to a total decline of -0.160 m/s and -0.130 m/s, respectively, during eight-year of follow-up. Among participants without slowness at baseline, only those with PGC had a significant WS decline when compared to the WD group, corresponding to -0.014 m/s per year, and -0.222 m/s over the eight years of follow-up. In study 2, an incidence analysis, a sample of 2,815 individuals without slowness at baseline (WS > 0.8 m/s) met the third objective. The vitamin D levels of the participants were measured by serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and classified as sufficiency (> 50 nmol/L), insufficiency (> 30 to ≤ 50 nmol/L), and deficiency (≤ 30 nmol/L). With four and six years of follow-up, WS was reassessed to identify incident cases of slowness (WS ≤ 0.8 m/s). Incidence densities of slowness according to serum levels of 25(OH)D were calculated, and a Poisson model controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics was used to analyze the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D and the risk of incidence of slowness. Results demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D deficiency increased the incidence density of slowness (90.7/1000 person/years) when compared to serum 25(OH)D sufficiency (67,4/1000 person/year) and increased the risk of incidence of slowness by 22%. Serum 25(OH)D insufficiency did not present as a risk factor for the incidence of slowness. Thus, our results demonstrate that poor glycemic control and vitamin D deficiency are risk factors for mobility limitation in older people. These findings allow early identification of individuals at higher risk of WS decline and reinforce the need for assertive strategies in managing glycemic control and vitamin D levels, especially in older adults, to prevent complications of these conditions, particularly in mobility.
Deleuze e Derrida: variações de uma experiência do talvez
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-10)
Souza, Alisson Ramos de
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-7381
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5481869110264674
The present thesis aims to relate the philosophies of Gilles Deleuze and Jacques Derrida through the lens of the “perhaps” – modality or syncategorem which, according to Nietzsche, is linked to the advent of a coming philosophy – and its implications on classical conceptions of the subject, especially in figure of the cogito, in the notion of truth, as adequacy; and in the current representation of time that situates the “perhaps” in the form of the possible. To this end, it is proposed to relate “perhaps” to paradox (inclusive disjunction), as the latter operates by affirming two meanings at once, destabilizing common sense and good sense. The guiding motif of this research is the following question: what are the consequences and implications for philosophy when it takes on the risks of “perhaps”? It is from this question and its ramifications that the work will be developed. It is about removing “perhaps” from its state of malediction, that is: to restore its “ontological dignity”, by dispelling the haze of self-evidence that disguises it in the order of exclusive disjunction, uncertainty, and possibility.
Análise de dispositivos hidrológicos de infiltração com modelagem por dinâmica de sistemas aplicada em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-11)
Saran, Maria Natália
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Costa, Daniel Jadyr Leite
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5666440995767109
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-7986
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9638436244172850
During urbanization, the concern with urban drainage was insufficient, so that the effects can be observed by the increasing occurrence of floods. In an attempt to reduce these impacts in cities, flood control techniques emerge, and then compensatory drainage techniques, such as lot control techniques. In this context, one of the most common devices is the infiltration well, a structure that aims to assist in the infiltration of rainwater incident on a lot. With regard to hydrological modeling, the most used techniques for calculating the decrease in downstream flow are iteration methods, which can be solved through the implementation of numerical methods in electronic spreadsheets. However, due to the complexity of implementing these methods in this type of spreadsheet, this path is sometimes unusual, and the designer ends up seeking to implement analytical solutions, when they exist. However, if there is the possibility of solving this type of problem through the use of numerical methods, in a safe and simplified way, this can open up the range of options for resolution methods, and also, on the other hand, make the use of numerical methods with diverse applications within the area of hydrological science. Therefore, with the purpose of improving calculations, and obtaining greater ease and understanding for the hydrologist, this work sought through the fundamentals of Systems Dynamics, and with the use of Vensim Software, a way of modeling problems through a simpler and more user-friendly interface when compared to the use of electronic spreadsheets. In addition to building the hydrological infiltration model in a Systems Dynamics environment, data were collected through field experiments to calibrate the model, using a new infiltrometer, in addition to comparing results based on conditions assumed by other authors. It is considered that the model performed satisfactorily for the conditions that were analyzed.
O habitus migratório de um município mineiro: uma análise a partir de egressos do ensino médio de Governador Valadares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-11)
Lima, Ricardo Gomes
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Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-1400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777062106568395
This study adopted Bourdieu's theory of habitus, with an emphasis on migration, as a theoretical lens to understand the migratory phenomenon in Governador Valadares, MG. The objective was to verify whether the formative process of participants from private, federal, and state education networks influenced their views on migration in the municipality and to deepen the analysis of the perspectives of young people from Governador Valadares on emigration, characterizing the migratory habitus and the set of capitals for its consolidation. The study was structured into two articles: the first presented a literature review specifically focused on the application of Bourdieu's theory to the analysis of various migration studies. It was evidenced that this approach provides a valuable analytical perspective for understanding migratory phenomena. Among Bourdieu's concepts explored, habitus and the interconnection between different types of capital were the most frequently employed by researchers. Habitus proved fundamental in understanding migratory dynamics, influencing the trajectories and experiences of migrants. Additionally, the analysis of the interconnection between various capitals reveals transformations in the trajectory of migrants throughout the migratory process. The second article presented qualitative research on the migratory phenomenon in Governador Valadares through a structured questionnaire applied to former students of the integrated education program at the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology - Governador Valadares campus, regular high school education from the state education network, and private high school education in the municipality. The hypothesis was that the formative process in the different education networks present in the municipality constitutes acquired cultural capital, potentially providing different views on the current context of the municipality and the aspects of the identified migratory habitus. This hypothesis was partially confirmed by the study.
Neuropatia periférica diabética - caracterização dos sinais e sintomas nos membros superiores e implicações para a fisioterapia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-11)
Balbino, Milena Stephanie Bezerra
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Ferreira, Julia Kortstee
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Camargo, Paula Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important public health problem due to its high incidence and the condition of persistent hyperglycemic, which is directly associated with several comorbidities. Among DM comorbidities we can highlight the diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which manifests significantly in the lower limbs and is a risk factor for the development of ulcerations on the feet of those with DM. Although some studies have also suggested a manifestation of DPN in the upper limbs, data regarding the occurrence of DPN in this segment and its relation with the manifestation in the lower limbs are scarce. Objectives: This study aims to characterize and compare the manifestation of DPN in the upper limbs (dominant and non- dominant) between people with DM who have and have not manifested DPN in the lower limbs. Methods: Forty-four individuals with DM (diagnosis time: 10.4 ± 6.7 years) participated in this study. The participants were divided into two groups, each made up of 8 women and 14 men. One group was composed of individuals with DM and no diagnosis of DPN (n =22, age = 49 [41 – 55] years), while the other was composed of individuals with DM and DPN (n = 22, age = 51 [43 – 57] years). The evaluation of DPN manifestation in the upper limbs was performed by a questionnaire on symptomatology and clinical tests of hand tactile and vibratory sensitivity, handgrip strength test, and the Jebsen-Taylor Test. The groups were compared using Student’s t or Mann-Whitney according to the distribution of the data. The chi-square test (χ2) and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical data. Spearman's correlation test (r) was also used to analyze the association between lower limb DPN and upper limb DPN symptoms. For all analyses, the significance level was set at 5%. Results: The group with DM and DPN presented higher levels of fasting glycemia and glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.05), as well as lower tactile sensitivity in the course of the median and ulnar nerves of the dominant hand and the ulnar nerve of the non-dominant hand (p < 0.05), lower vibration sensitivity of the non- dominant hand (p = < 0.05), and longer time to perform the Jebsen-Taylor test with the dominant and non-dominant hand (p < 0.05). Correlations were observed between the severity of DPN in the lower limbs and the subsequent variables related to DPN in the upper limbs: DPN symptoms, tactile and vibratory sensitivity, and manual function. Conclusion: Lack of glycemic control appears to be associated with the development of DPN. The presence and severity of DPN appears to be associated with a reduction in tactile and vibratory sensitivity of the hands, and with functional deficits in the hands of individuals with DM.
Uma mãe, um mestiço, um epilético e uma prostituta: as irônicas interidentidades em O esplendor de Portugal (1997), de António Lobo Antunes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-12)
Cruz, Kairo Lazarini da
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Ferreira, Patrícia Martinho
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Sá, André Corrêa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9917292649643029
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5337861535864682
This work aims to analyze the novel O Esplendor de Portugal (1997), by António Lobo Antunes, from a post-colonial perspective. Although this starting point is not exactly new, I hope that my reading proposal of the novel will enrich its critical reception with new points of view and highlight the importance of this approach in contemporary discussions about Portuguese identity. The dissertation is developed through two interconnected lines of analysis. Firstly, it’s based on Boaventura de Sousa Santos' (2003) concept of “interidentity”, which suggests that the self-representation of the Portuguese colonizer creates a disjunction between the subject and object of colonial representation. I examine the way in which the characters Isilda, Carlos, Rui and Clarisse, Portuguese settlers in Africa in the context of the historical end of colonialism and the subsequent Angolan Civil War (1975-2002), evoke geographic displacement and family breakdown as paradigmatic examples of this concept. Secondly, I argue that the notion of inter-identity allows to formulate an ironic subversion of symbolic systems that represent the colonial ethos of the Portuguese empire. From this point of view, the family microcosm of this novel can function as a model for a sustained critique of the notion of “Portugal's splendor” popularized by the official historiography of the Portuguese Estado Novo.
Expressão gênica diferencial de abelhas Apis mellifera expostas a diferentes agrotóxicos: integração de informações por meio da construção de uma base de dados e identificação de assinaturas moleculares dos efeitos adversos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-12)
Dias, Débora Thomazim
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3329-8953
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Nunes, Francis de Morais Franco
Pesticides are utilized across diverse environments, including urban, industrial, agricultural, and livestock settings. Despite their effectiveness in pest control, pesticides exert detrimental effects on ecosystems and various organisms, notably pollinators like Apis mellifera bees. Responsible for pollinating approximately 73% of the world's cultivated plant species, A. mellifera has encountered Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), partly attributed to pesticide usage. To investigate these effects, molecular biology techniques such as transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) have gained prominence. Numerous studies employing RNA-Seq have examined changes in gene expression profiles across different castes, tissues, and developmental stages of A. mellifera exposed to varied pesticides, encompassing diverse dosages and administration methods. While studies vary in approach, methodology, and sample selection, consolidating data from 22 scientific articles reveals that pesticides influence the expression of approximately 52.8% of the species' total genes. Additionally, our analysis underscores significant genes, biological processes, molecular functions, and metabolic pathways affected by pesticides. These findings are anticipated to support the development of diagnostic methods for assessing pesticide exposure, accounting for potential co-exposures and their cumulative impacts, reflective of real-world conditions faced by bees and other vulnerable pollinators in their natural habitats.
Otimização topológica dos nós fixos para algoritmos de trilateração baseados em RSSI
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-12)
Bueno, Rafael de Souza
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Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435
The extensive use of locating devices in today's world is increasingly being used indoors. Depending on the structure of the environment in which you want to operate, there are many barriers that prevent these locators from working properly. To solve this problem, new technologies are being developed, mainly taking into account location based on the strength of the signal received, due to its ease of structuring and low cost. Position estimation methods involve trilateration algorithms. In this work, we proposed an optimization of the topology of the fixed nodes using the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) method, with the aim of analyzing the smallest error comparing the real and the estimated position in situations varying the arrangement of the fixed nodes in a given area of interest. It was analyzed which method obtained the greatest precision in its measurements. MATLAB software was used in conjunction with the genetic algorithm for simulations and the generation of heat maps for each different method, and then, with the results of these simulations, the average error and the average standard deviation were calculated in order to compare the results of the methods. The analysis of these results made it possible to determine the ideal situation of the bases where the topology is more precise. Satisfactory results were obtained from the simulations in relation to increasing the precision of the points found, after optimization with the delimiter R = 2.5m an average improvement in results was obtained between the three methods used in this work of 1,44% and with 2*R, an improvement of 20,65%.
Segmentação de vasos sanguíneos utilizando redes neurais convolucionais: investigação da prevalência de descontinuidades e desenvolvimento de técnicas para mitigá-las
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-12)
Parella, João Pedro
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Comin, Cesar Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4982
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5121220023366076
With the current advancements in technology and medical techniques, the pursuit of improving diagnostic methods and scientific analyses brings forth a significant challenge: the efficiency and effectiveness in processing clinical data. In the field of medical image processing, there is a crucial phase that can influence all subsequent steps and even the final diagnosis, which is the segmentation phase. Particularly, segmentation is vital in examinations involving images of blood vessels, as these structures pose a great difficulty in analysis due to their complex and thin nature. Seeking improvements in segmentation techniques is of paramount importance, considering it is a highly sensitive phase of analysis, and a simple change of lens or imaging acquisition device can compromise the quality of the samples. Literature studies focus on quantifying the quality of segmentation methods using global metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall, but often this focus may lead to problems in vessel geometry, where important information such as bifurcations, continuity, and diameter are lost, thereby causing various diagnostic issues. This work focuses on the analysis of continuity problems in vessel segmentation, i.e., cases in which parts of vessels are not correctly detected. An accuracy metric is defined to specifically quantify the segmentation quality in regions of vessels that are difficult to segment. It is demonstrated that this metric enables more precise quantification of the quality of low-saliency vessel detection in images than traditional metrics. Additionally, a data augmentation technique is defined for training neural networks, enabling improved segmentation quality of low-saliency vessels. The technique involves the creation of regions with drops in intensity and vessel discontinuities. Based on the analyses conducted, it is expected that the developed techniques can assist in improving diagnoses and future research in biology, creating new possibilities for addressing segmentation problems.
O uso dos jogos e das brincadeiras no processo de alfabetização e letramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-12)
Kretikouski, Daiane Cristina Ottaviani
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Monteiro, Maria Iolanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-1437
This work is a bibliographical research, with the objective of analyzing the contribution that the use of games and games provide in the process of literacy and literacy. Playing is well accepted when we think about Education Childish, however, this perspective changes when six-year-old children They move from this stage to the initial years of Elementary School. The children apparently leave the context of a “playing” child for a rigid teaching environment, with focus on literacy and literacy. Therefore, how does this transition appear for they? How are they received in this new teaching and learning context? What are the benefits that games, toys and activities present during this process? Which is impact that the teacher's positioning brings in the face of differences and the transition of these two phases? The questions presented in this Course Completion Work will be clarified with emphasis on authors such as Magda Soares, Maria Iolanda Monteiro and Marlene Carvalho (to support the concepts of literacy and literacy), Douglas Aparecido de Campos, Maria Aparecida Mello and Tizuko Morchida Kishimoto (who point out the importance of games, toys and games), Claude Lessard, Maurice Tardif and Regina Puccinelli Tancredi (which highlights the actions, faced with the difficulties of everyday teaching, as well as the transition from Early Childhood Education to the early years of Elementary School). The collection of research began in 2022 and in order to delimit the research subject, we chose in carrying out a selection through two online databases, such as the Scielo database and the UFSCar Institutional Repository. It is understood that games and activities are strong allies not only in the literacy and literacy process, but they contribute significantly when it is articulated with the content in a systematic way by the teacher.
O ensino da função quadrática através de diferentes atividades práticas elaboradas para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15)
Braçale, Vinicius Cesar
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Moura, Renato José de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5227908949297904
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470472451101524
Using practical methodologies in the classroom, this work presents a set of three activities to be applied in the classroom to assist in teaching quadratic functions in basic education. Each activity proposes to use a different methodological approach, the first being the realization of a game built in the GeoGebra software, the second a mathematical modeling on the oblique launch, and the last a practical activity proposing an investigation of the reflective property of the parabola through of constructing an experiment. The main objective of the sequence of activities presented here is to build material that can be used by mathematics teachers to teach this topic in different realities. The work presents a bibliographical research on the topic, addressing the theory necessary to understand the subject, and also describes the carrying out of qualitative research on one of its activities that was applied to a third-year high school class at a public school. In view of the analysis of the results, it can be seen that the application of the activity created a learning situation in which students were able to understand the quadratic function applied to a real situation, in the process they improved cooperation and teamwork skills, logical reasoning, in addition to recovering the concepts of the quadratic function. Thus, it was possible to understand how activities developed by active methodologies can construct different learning situations that stimulate the teaching of mathematics.
Efeitos da cloroquina sobre biomarcadores de peixe-zebra (Danio rerio)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15)
Ferreira, Marina Tauche
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Francisco, Renata Fracácio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5643065656865773
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-2766
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Carvalho, Cleoni dos Santos
Chloroquine is used to treat malaria and autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but its use increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic due to its recommendation as a prophylactic treatment. This increase in consumption, associated with inadequate disposal, resulted in the presence of the drug in wastewater and surface waters in several countries. In this context, this study aimed to compile environmental and ecotoxicological data on Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the aquatic environment and to reproduce in the laboratory a chronic toxicity test of Chloroquine Diphosphate (CQD), lasting 21 days, in a semi-static system, using the model species zebrafish (Danio rerio), exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations detected before the pandemic (0.6 µg/L) and during the pandemic (1.8; 5.4; 16.2 and 48.6 µg/L), to evaluate the changes caused by the drug. Biomarkers were analyzed in biochemical functions, including changes in the concentration of total proteins, glucose, triglycerides and immunoglobulins (Ig); enzymatic activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST); and oxidative stress measured by protein carbonyls (PCO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs). Histological analyses evaluated gill, liver and kidney changes. Data were statistically compared between the control and exposed groups, using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's post-test, through the PAST® software. The results showed metabolic, enzymatic and histopathological disturbances in the organs from the concentrations recorded in surface waters (0.6 µg/L and 1.8 µg/L). In addition, the concentration of 1.8 µg/L was the most responsive to biomarkers of oxidative stress. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the most responsive biomarkers to DCQ exposures were AST enzyme activity, TBARs in the brain, dilation of the central venous sinus in the gills, hepatocytes with pyknotic nuclei in the liver and reduction of Bowman's space in the kidney. The innovative aspect of this research lies in the understanding of the chronic toxicity of environmental concentrations of DCQ on biomarkers of D. rerio and underscores the importance of greater awareness about the responsible use and disposal of drugs, reinforcing the need for monitoring and remediation policies to protect water resources and aquatic life.
Lógica fuzzy e o Poker : a Matemática para vencer a sorte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15)
Branquinho, Ana Clara Boscolo
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Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4841
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8239279257223074
Poker is a highly popular card game worldwide, involving aspects such as strategy, technical skill, risk management, and luck, and is currently considered a mind sport. Due to the existence of monetary prizes for winners, the inherent complexities of this game are extensively studied to develop strategies aimed at improving the performance of players in high-level competitions, many of which are grounded in logic and mathematics. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a computational mathematical model based on fuzzy logic that classifies poker player profiles, specifically for the Texas Hold’em Online variant. The proposed methodology involves analyzing statistical data from players and consists of fuzzy modeling of critical variables related to the dynamics of the game. Inferences and defuzzification are performed using Mamdani and Center of Gravity methods and are computationally processed with the MATLAB fuzzy toolbox. The player data was extracted from the Poker Tracker platform, and access was facilitated through association with a professional player. Additionally, research and tests were conducted to determine standard reference values, ranges for class definitions, and validation of the results returned by the developed model. It is concluded that the model can predict actions a player might take at certain moments in the game and also their chances of success. This approach deepens the understanding of the complex
Colisões de aves em estruturas de vidro no campus de Sorocaba da Universidade Federal de São Carlos: uma ameaça que persiste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-15)
Lee, Stephanie Jin
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Piratelli, Augusto João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-4007
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3581302428057569
It is estimated that collisions with glass panes cause the death of over one billion birds annually in North America alone. These collisions mainly occur because birds struggle to perceive glass as an impassable barrier due to its reflectivity and transparency, combined with various physiological, anatomical, and behavioral factors. However, studies on this issue in Brazil are still limited, which is concerning given that the country has the second-highest bird diversity in the world. This study aimed to detect evidence of bird-glass collisions on the Sorocaba campus of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) and to identify factors contributing to the frequency of these collisions. Additionally, we sought to estimate the persistence of bird carcasses in the environment and assess the negative effects of collisions on the physical condition of the birds to complement the collision data. Data on the number of collisions were collected through regular monitoring over one year. We also gathered information on building characteristics, their surroundings, and the biological traits of the species involved. To analyze whether there are differences in the number of collisions related to seasonality, building characteristics, surroundings, and species traits, we employed mixed generalized linear models (GLMMs) and univariate statistical analyses. For experimental trials, bird carcasses from collisions were placed around campus buildings and monitored to determine their average persistence in the environment and identify the species responsible for their removal. Necropsies and X-rays were conducted to identify injuries caused by these collisions. During the monitoring period, 152 pieces of collision evidence were collected; however, no significant difference was found between the number of collisions in the rainy and dry seasons. Additionally, no morphological predictor variables could explain the variability in collision numbers among species. Nonetheless, the area of transparent glass, total glass area, and black glass area in square meters were the predictor variables that best explained the number of collisions between buildings, with a positive correlation observed between these surface areas and the number of collisions. Carcasses had an average persistence of 110.69 ± 196.06 hours in the environment. Five species were identified as responsible for carcass removal: Homo sapiens sapiens, Cariama cristata, Coragyps atratus, Canis lupus familiaris, and Caracara plancus. Necropsies and X-rays revealed that the most common injuries in birds that collided with glass were fractures, cerebral hematomas, and cranial hemorrhages. This study provides evidence of bird collisions with glass structures at UFSCar Sorocaba, indicating that it is a high-risk area for such accidents. The monitoring methods used and the detrimental effects of these collisions on bird health were discussed. Urgent preventive measures are needed to mitigate this generally fatal threat.
Programação em Python no ambiente educacional: uma proposta de ensino de modelagens algébricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-16)
Matias, Marcos José
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Silveira, Graciele Paraguaia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6251988404047002
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-4841
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5166401513381950
This study investigates how programming in Python can assist in learning algebraic modeling. The central problem addressed is the difficulty of 8th-grade students at a rural school in the interior of São Paulo in formulating algebraic models to solve everyday mathematical problems. The objectives of this work were to develop the students’ ability to recognize, generalize, and create algebraic expressions to solve problem situations. The methodology included 10 Python programming lessons with various activities designed to stimulate the development of algebraic skills. The results, obtained through process based assessments, demonstrated a significant improvement in the students’ ability to solve problems algebraically. This study contributes to highlighting the importance of computer programming in Mathematics education from the early years. Future research may further explore the impact of computer programming on Mathematics education in Basic Education.