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Percepção de serviços ecossistêmicos por alunos do ensino médio e superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-22) Almeida, Paula Carolina Setti de; Francisco, Bruno dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0670209258231584; Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-448X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6672912833087833; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4083-3982
The study on environmental education themes is a path that allows the construction of scientific knowledge regarding socio-environmental issues. Ecosystem services are the benefits that natural ecosystems provide to humans. Understanding and valuing ecosystem services through environmental education is essential for the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. This work investigated and compared the understanding and perception of students, both from high school and from undergraduate Biological Sciences, regarding ecosystem services through a semi-structured questionnaire applied in a state school in Sorocaba and on the campus of a public university in the city of Sorocaba. The research demonstrated that there were differences in the perception of ES among students at different educational levels, with significant differences in perception evidenced by statistical tests, in the IPSE (Index of Perception of Ecosystem Services), and in the calculation of percentages. The lack of uniformity in understanding environmental services can be attributed to exposure to information through formal education, as well as social and cultural experiences shared among participants. The study highlights the need for specific educational strategies to promote awareness and understanding of ecosystem services, especially among high school students, whose perception may be limited by a lack of educational interventions tailored to their needs. The results emphasize the importance of environmental education in enabling individuals to understand and value ecosystem services, contributing to the construction of more sustainable and environmentally conscious societies. It is recommended to include topics related to biodiversity and ecosystem services early in the high school curriculum, accompanied by practical and theoretical activities to stimulate interest and understanding of these concepts as early as possible. Thus, raising the level of environmental awareness, which becomes broader with the introduction of scientific concepts of ecosystem services, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the social and environmental impacts of known spaces, allowing for the proper importance to be given to the ecosystem and quality of life.
Redes de cuidado e a assistência ofertada às crianças e adolescentes com transtorno do espectro autista em um município de médio porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-22) Bolatto, Nicole Bizarro; Fernandes, Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7901666626822625; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2076915386823594
Autism has been a present and prominent topic in the current context, especially in terms of concerns the care offered in the intra and intersectoral network, considering that the construction of public policies for this segment were implemented late. Given this, the objective of present study was to understand how assistance is given to children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in the intra and intersectoral care network of a city in medium size in the interior of the State of SP, from the perspective of those responsible or caregivers main. Five people responsible for autistic children and teenagers participated. The collection of data occurred in person and online, based on the choice of participants, being in On this occasion, a semi-structured interview guide was applied. The data was analyzed based on of content analysis. The results indicated that existing equipment is not sufficient for demand, so that family members wait for a long period of time to access diagnosis or treatment. However, they state about powers that touch on the bond established with professionals, the availability of even in welcoming and listening. It is also noteworthy that family members regularly access and have good links with basic health units and, in relation to schools, the The inclusion process involves barriers and challenges. Other network equipment as well have been activated by participants to guarantee rights, such as guardianship council and the specialized social assistance reference center. It is expected that the results obtained can contribute to further reflections on this topic, as well as to the qualification of the care offered
Evaluation of the chemical composition and surface acidity of mesoporous acidic catalysts in the production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural from monosaccharides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-22) Vieira, José Lucas; Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2937-2628; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-6343; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3748948713529040; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-9269
This thesis investigates the synthesis, composition, and surface acidity of various mesoporous acidic catalysts and their impacts on the catalytic dehydration of monosaccharides into the platform molecules 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural. Niobium phosphates with different P/Nb molar ratios were prepared, affecting their Lewis/Brønsted acid site (L/B) ratio and catalytic activity. Catalysts with high P/Nb ratios exhibited low L/B ratios, whereas catalysts with low P/Nb ratios, high L/B ratios. Additionally, a linear correlation between the L/B ratio and reaction rates for HMF and furfural production from glucose and xylose, respectively, was demonstrated. Based on that, we synthesize a controlled mesoporous bifunctional carbon catalyst to more easily produce a catalyst with L/B ratios for platform molecules production. First, we prepared sulfonated carbons with only Brønsted acidity for the dehydration of fructose and xylose into HMF and furfural, respectively. They had different concentrations of stronger (sulfonic acid groups) and weaker acid sites (carboxylic acid, alcohol, phenol groups). The ratio between stronger and weaker acid sites (NS/NW) was found to significantly influence catalytic performance, with optimal yields and turnover numbers observed at NS/NW ratios of 2 – 4, suggesting a synergistic role of both types of acid sites in the catalytic mechanism. Finally, two promising sulfonated carbons from the previous study were selected and underwent partial ion-exchange with metallic cations with Lewis acidity (Al3+, Sc3+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Sn4+, Yb3+) to produce ion-exchanged bifunctional carbons with different L/B ratios for dehydrating glucose and xylose into HMF and furfural, respectively. Even though no characterization regarding surface acidity has been performed yet, the strength of the Lewis acid sites likely plays a crucial role in the monosaccharide conversion, with stronger sites (Al3+, Cu2+, and Yb3+) leading to isomers; intermediate strength sites (Sc3+) leading to both isomers and platform molecules, and weaker sites (Sn4+) leading to platform molecules. The catalyst with 20 % of Brønsted acid sites exchanged with Sn4+ (20%-Sn(IV)-Amb-45) showed promising results, achieving 41 % HMF selectivity at 57 % glucose conversion and 47 % furfural selectivity at 65 % xylose conversion, whereas 100%-Al(III)-Amb-45, 100%-Cu(II)-Amb-45, and 100%-Yb(III)-Amb-45 were promising for isomerization reactions.