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    Implicações da insônia e do tempo de duração do sono na redução da força neuromuscular e velocidade de caminhada em pessoas idosas: evidências do estudo ELSA
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-24)
    Silveira, Leticia Coelho
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    Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-9793
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7670409228888469
    Introduction: The decline in neuromuscular strength (NS) and walking speed (WS) are associated with adverse outcomes in older adults, such as falls, hospitalizations, functional decline, and death. Although multifactorial, the decline in NS and WS appears to be influenced by insomnia symptoms and sleep duration. However, the little longitudinal evidence on the topic is controversial, and exploring this topic in studies with more extended follow-up periods is essential. Objectives: This dissertation has two objectives: 1) Analyze sex differences regarding the influence of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms on the trajectory of NS decline in people aged 50 or over during eight years of follow-up, and 2) Analyze the influence of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms on the trajectory of WS decline in people aged 60 or over during eight years of follow-up. Methods: Data came from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA Study). To analyze the trajectory of NS decline, 6,429 participants aged 50 years or older with NS ≥ 27 kg for men and ≥ 16 kg for women were included. To analyze the trajectory of WS decline, 3,208 participants aged 60 years or over with WS > 0.8 m/s were included. In both studies, insomnia symptoms were assessed using the adapted and validated Jenkins questionnaire, and sleep duration was analyzed by self-report and classified as short (≤6 hours), ideal (>6 to <9 hours), and long (≥ 9 hours). Generalized linear mixed models estimated the decline rates of NS stratified by sex and WS in separate models as a function of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration and controlled for sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics. Results: Regarding NS, over the eight years of follow-up, the greater number of insomnia symptoms was associated with a higher rate of NS decline in men (– 0.02 kg per year 95% CI – 0.04 – – 0. 01) while long sleep duration (≥ 9 hours) was associated with a higher rate of NS decline in women (– 0.14 kg per year 95%CI – 0.26 – – 0.03). Regarding WS, over the eight years of follow-up, only long sleep duration (≥ 9 hours) was associated with a higher rate of decline in WS (– 0.01 m/s per year 95% CI – 0.02 – – 0.01). Conclusion: Sleep changes influence the rate of NS decline differently between the sexes. In men, increased insomnia symptoms, while in women, long sleep duration (≥ 9 hours) increases the rate of NS decline in people aged 50 and over. As for WS, long sleep duration (≥ 9 hours) increases the risk of WS decline in people aged 60 years or older of both sexes.
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    Fatores de influência no engajamento e confiança em equipes SCRUM na migração do regime de trabalho presencial para o híbrido em uma empresa do setor aeronáutico
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-24)
    Resende, Cassio Lara
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    Delai, Ivete
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054145506480670
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3564549747499974
    This study analyzed the factors that influence the engagement and trust of agile teams in the migration from in-person to hybrid work (part remote and part in-person) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, through the analysis of a product engineering department in the aeronautical industry. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the company to put the entire department into remote work and later into a hybrid work regime. This study evaluated whether there was a change in the factors that make up performance in this migration to the hybrid work regime in this company, which uses the agile approach in team management with the SCRUM method as a tool for managing activities. Agile methods were developed to be applied in a face-to-face environment and have as a central characteristic the interaction between team members, with quick and daily meetings, the so-called stand-up meetings. Problems faced by companies that use agile approaches in a remote environment were found in the literature, such as difficulties in using SCRUM ceremonies and decreased team autonomy with increased control over activities, thus influencing performance factors. A questionnaire was developed based on seven factors: autonomy, communication, ceremonies, roles, engagement, trust, and mutual support. The questions used a Likert scale from 1 to 5, and the interviewees responded about two periods, before the pandemic (in-person) and after the pandemic (hybrid), in addition to answering questions about their knowledge of the SCRUM method. After applying the questionnaire to the company studied, the data were compiled and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant change in the relationships between the factor’s engagement, trust and mutual support, that influence the performance of agile teams, thus demonstrating that the model of relationships in remote and hybrid work regimes does not change. Likewise, there was no change in the variables that make up the agile performance factors (engagement, trust and mutual support). Based on the characterization of the members, the problems encountered in the application of the method, such as roles and ceremonies, may be related to the lack of knowledge and training of the teams, especially the SCRUM master. This study brought as a theoretical contribution to the literature, the study of impact on the performance of product engineering in a non-software development company, in a hybrid work regime (part remote and part in-person), compared to in-person work, responding to the academic gap. As a technological product, this study developed a conclusive technical report demonstrating how the factors that influence team performance were not changed in the migration from in-person to hybrid work, as well as the main factors that influence such performance in order to support the company in proposing improvements to the SCRUM method.
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    Alternância pronominal e concordância nominal e verbal na língua bissau-guineense
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-25)
    Nunes da Fonseca, Janifer
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    Araújo Vale, Oto
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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    Rubio, Cássio Florêncio
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/8357993415342241
    Es tarbadju tene suma obidjetivu di diskribi aspectus di alternansia pronominal, di konkordansia nominal di sintagma nominal-sudjetu i di paradigma di konkordânsia verbal na lingu bissau-guineense (ku ta tchomadu tambi di kryol, kryol di Guiné-Bissau, guineense ô crioulo guineense). Na basi di es obidjetivu garandi, tarbadju tene quatru obidjetivus pikinus: ntundi mindjor funson ku strutura di pronomis pessoais na funson di sudjetu na lingu bissau-guineense; analiza di pontu di vista qualitativa/quantitativa e descritiva /exploratória, prosesus di variason ku na relasionadus ku quadru pronominal na lingu bissau-guineense; diskribi strutura ku funson di verbu dentru di okorensias; splica formas di paradigma verbal di diskursu na singular ku plural na lingu bissau-guineense. Studu fundamentadu, na pontu di vista diskritivu, na tarbadju di es piskisadores Perini (2003); Couto e Embaló (2010); Intumbo (2007), Scantamburlo (1999, 2021); Tavares (2021) e Castilho (2010), i ku utrus djintis, i na pontu di vista di metudu di sociolinguística, no tene Labov (2008) e Mollica (2003). Di pontu di vista metodologiku, a abordagem i qualitativa/quantitativa, ku aplikason di formularios ben struturadus, ki buska informasons di aspectus relasionadus ku tematika propostadu na objetivus, i konta ku partipason di 63 estudantis guineenses, ku mora na Brasil i na Guiné-Bissau. Pa kabanta es tarbadju no sai ki es resultadus: i) lingu bissau-guineense tene variason na tudu djintis di discursu, na kil ku ta rifiri forma ku no ta pui pronomis; ii) alternânsias pronominais ta da entri manera ke ta mprega es dus formas clíticas e não-clíticas; iii) i ka tene pusiblidadi di paga es dus forma pronominal, pabia lingu bissau-guineense ka tene marca di koncordansia na verbus suma ki ta akontisi na utrus lingu o varidadis, i asin suma na portuguis padron, i na lingu bissau-guineense es strutura ka ta varia, son SN-sudjetu ku ta marka numeru i djintis; iv) paradigma di kondjugason di verbus na lingu bissau-guineense i ta parsi ku utrus lingu ô variedadis, suma inglis padron i ku variedadi di purtuguis pupular, na kil ku ta fala di auzensia di markas di konkordansia na formas di verbus. Nô conclui cuma: i tene variason na kil cu ta rifiri pronomis-sujeitus i ka tene tan marcas di konkordansia verbal suma ki ta akontisi na lingu purtuguis, distakandu variason na uzu di pronomis i auzensia di marcas di konkordansia verbal, aspectus ki ta evidensia influensia di prinsipiu di economia linguistica na strutura des lingu. Analizi conta cuma, plural ta marcadu di forma ki ka redundanti, i ta limita nucliu di sintagma nominal, i ta parsi cu di inglis. I ka tene tan norma-padron i ka tene tan artigu.
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    Modulation of semiconductors with transition metals: morphological, optical, and electronic properties
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-25)
    Patrocinio, Katiana Lima do
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    Silva, Elson Longo da
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6895713868339732
    Research on semiconductors has been of great interest due to their numerous applications. These materials are versatile, and doping, which introduces impurities into the crystal structure, is a common strategy that can enhance their properties. This process directly influences the electronic, optical, and morphological properties, allowing for adjustments to optimize the effectiveness of semiconductors in specific applications.This process directly influences the electronic, optical, and morphological properties of semiconductors, enabling adjustments to optimize their effectiveness for specific applications. Within this context, this study introduces two matrices: silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4 or AW) and zinc germanate (Zn2GeO4 or ZGO), each dedicated to investigating the influence of doping with transition metals. For AW doped with vanadium at different concentrations (x = 0.0; 0.01; 0.02; and 0.04 mol%), it was demonstrated as a highly efficient catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones under mild conditions, exhibiting high yields and selectivity. Sequestration experiments identified the direct involvement of electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs, hydroxyl radical (⦁OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2) in the oxidation process. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the presence of V4+ cations in the doped samples. Theoretical results suggested that the enhanced catalytic activity of vanadium-doped samples is associated with the predominant presence of the (100) surface morphology, indicating potential applications in sulfide oxidation reactions in the absence of light. For ZGO doped with nickel at different concentrations (x = 0, 0.01, and 0.16 mol%), doping was utilized to tailor its structural and electronic properties towards creating efficient blue pigments for ceramics. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the 3d orbitals of Ni2+ generate new energy levels, altering the local electronic structure and resulting in electron transfer that produces the blue color. Analyses confirmed that this modification is responsible for the blue hue, while also highlighting the low toxicity and excellent chemical and thermal durability of the pigments. This work establishes a robust foundation for the design of adjustable and high-performance ceramic pigments. Ultimately, these materials demonstrate the potential of scientific research to drive significant innovations and improvements in real-world technologies and products.
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    Exploração da luminescência de filmes finos de ZnO dopados com érbio e európio
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-25)
    Santos, Camila Ianhez Pereira dos
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    Rodrigues, Ariano De Giovanni
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4881530489438346
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    Godoy, Marcio Peron Franco de
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2609654784637427
    Trivalent rare earth ions (RE³⁺) possess unique electronic configurations and numerous energy levels, resulting in fascinating optical properties across the visible region. These characteristics open various application perspectives in optoelectronic devices, besides encouraging the development of luminescent materials with REs. In this work, pure and doped (2%) zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films with the REs erbium (Er³⁺) or europium (Eu³⁺) were deposited by Spray Pyrolysis. The films were synthesized under two different conditions, resulting in materials with lower crystallinity (SP group) and higher crystallinity (SO group). The luminescence of the REs was also investigated by varying temperature conditions (25 K - 265 K) and hydrostatic pressure (up to 13.5 GPa). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated that all materials presented the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. The pure and doped ZnO films from the SO group exhibited crystallites up to 4x larger than those of the SP group, which also showed a more opaque and rougher surface. UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements showed a shift of ~ 4% in the optical gap energy to lower values in the SP group films. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed an increase of over 200x in the intensity of Eu³⁺ optical emissions when doped in a less crystalline structure. The presence of Stark emission peaks in the Er³⁺-doped ZnO film from the SP group highlighted the significant influence of the crystal field. PL measurements with increasing temperature showed a corresponding increase in Eu³⁺ luminescence intensity, likely due to energy transfer between this ion and ZnO energy levels, caused by intrinsic defects. Additionally, the PL investigation under pressure revealed a decrease in the intensity of all Eu³⁺ optical emissions at 10 GPa. This reduction can be attributed to the consolidation of a phase mixture with hexagonal and cubic structures in the material, as observed in the XRD measurements at the same pressure.
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    Diagnóstico preliminar sobre as bibliotecas municipais de São Carlos no contexto dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável da Agenda 2030
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-25)
    Marcomini, Kelly Cristina da Silva
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    Gracioso, Luciana de Souza
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898201916360294
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-4946
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4502391092205826
    United Nations (UN) established the 2030 Agenda, a global action plan aimed at promoting sustainable economic development and eradicating poverty, with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by the end of 2030. In this context, it is argued that public libraries play a strategic role in fostering the achievement of these goals. Based on this premise, this research aims to develop a preliminary diagnosis of how the municipal libraries of São Carlos align with the 2030 Agenda. To achieve this, the following specific objectives were outlined: to identify and describe the actions carried out by the municipal libraries of São Carlos that align with the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda. This is an exploratory study that includes a literature review on the relationship between libraries and the 2030 Agenda, as well as a historical analysis of the city of São Carlos, particularly regarding its educational trajectory and the training of librarians. Data collection was guided by direct observation of the social media platforms of São Carlos' municipal libraries, in order to support the development of the preliminary diagnosis. The results indicate that the city's municipal libraries went through an institutionalization process, culminating in the formation of the São Carlos Integrated Library System (SIBI-São Carlos). This process, which intensified until 2012, promoted relevant actions that can be linked to the potential fulfillment of the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda. However, it is observed that SIBI-São Carlos, as a network of libraries, requires continuous support to stimulate and energize the promotion of social awareness campaigns on the 2030 Agenda.
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    Esgoto doméstico tratado como aporte hídrico e nutricional no cultivo de antúrio de corte
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Gasparini, Amanda Ramos
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    Rodrigues, Josiane
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    Souza, Claudinei Fonseca
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4858219292242433
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3314307065207131
    In recent years, the agricultural sector has faced an increase in the demand for water resources and nutrients. However, human activities have impaired natural nutrient cycles, worsening the already uneven natural distribution of water. A sustainable option to mitigate water and fertilizer shortages is the use of treated domestic sewage, which, in addition to meeting the water demand of plants, provides nutrients and organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of the application of treated domestic sewage on the protected cultivation of anthurium. The experiment was conducted on suspended benches, where the plants were grown on coconut fiber substrate in Styrofoam gutters, within a protected environment. The treatments were: (TRA) treated domestic sewage supplemented with mineral fertilizers, (TA) drinking water supplemented with mineral fertilizers and (TR) exclusively treated domestic sewage. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with the data submitted to the Tukey test. The exclusive application of treated domestic sewage in the TR resulted in nutritional deficiency and below-average productivity for anthurium. The biometric parameters (length of stem, spadix, spathe, largest leaf, number of leaves, flowers and plant height) and productivity in TRA did not differ statistically from TA, indicating that the use of treated domestic sewage supplemented with nutrients showed high productivity compared to TR. Despite the presence of Escherichia coli in the treated sewage, the cultivation was safe, with no contamination in the plants. The TRA and TA treatments showed similar efficiency in water consumption, with averages of 1.9 and 1.8 mm per day, respectively, and higher water use efficiency (WUE) of 403 and 396 flowers m-3, due to fertilizer supplementation. The TR treatment had lower water consumption (1.5 mm per day) and lower efficiency (WUE of 343 flowers m-3), resulting in plants with inferior development and lower flower quality due to nutritional deficiency. Over two years, the TRA treatment had a productivity of 372,678 flowers per hectare, with no significant difference in relation to the TA treatment, which had 362,946 flowers per hectare. The TR treatment had a lower productivity of 257,767 flowers per hectare. It is concluded that the application of treated domestic sewage as an alternative and sustainable source of water and nutrients in coconut fiber substrate in a protected environment is viable for the cultivation of anthurium, without compromising the health safety of professionals and consumers.
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    Modelagem e análise de frequências de manipuladores paralelos acionados por cabos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Ribeiro Filho, Marcelo Cerchi Ribeiro
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    Fontes, João Vitor de Carvalho
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9473668144091435
    Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulators (CDPRs) are an innovative class of robots that use cables instead of rigid links, offering high dynamics, load capacity, and flexibility. This work addresses the modeling and analysis of the natural frequencies of CDPRs, aiming to prevent resonance issues that can compromise the precision and operational efficiency of these systems. The developed methodology includes the mathematical modeling of CDPRs and the analysis of natural frequencies with variations in cable tension and end- effector position. The results indicate that system rigidity, and consequently the natural frequencies, are highly influenced by cable tension, especially in higher vibration modes, which showed greater sensitivity to positional changes compared to lower modes. The research demonstrated that increasing the minimum tension in the cables can reduce the risk of resonance, providing greater stability to the system. This study contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics of CDPRs and suggests control strategies for safe and efficient applications in fields such as astronomy, logistics, and medical rehabilitation.
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    Transferência de elétrons em complexos de Rutênio (II) Perileno Diimida
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Tiyoda, Anderson Jun
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    Carlos, Rose Maria
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1589143355309943
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0641091681781723
    Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes are among the most studied metal complexes, with numerous articles and book chapters dedicated to them due to their properties being used in technological and medical fields, such as applications in photocatalysis and dynamic phototherapy, among others. Photochemistry is one of the most important processes for living beings due to photosynthesis, which starts from simple molecules and sunlight to efficiently produce a complex carbohydrate and oxygen gas, the last being essential for aerobic living beings. Ru(II) complexes with perylene diimide (PDI) ligands exhibit interesting characteristics for studies of electron and charge transfer, such as long triplet state lifetimes in the nanosecond range. Due to this long lifetime, the complexes can be applied in the production of singlet oxygen and for photodynamic therapy.
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    Vesículas extracelulares: ações no microambiente tumoral e possíveis aplicações terapêuticas
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Pachane, Bianca Cruz
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    Altei, Wanessa Fernanda
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3727790337302830
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6636-7951
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    Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
    Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles delimited by a bilipid layer, secreted by cells for intercellular communication. EV release is favored under certain conditions, such as in cancer, where it interferes in multiple processes including the metastatic cascade and the tumor microenvironment. Studying the basic and applied biology of EVs enables the elucidation of new mechanisms of interest to human health, suggesting new therapeutic potentials. In this work, we explored the adhesive characteristic of EVs for in vitro applications, investigating their adsorption on glass surfaces using super-resolution microscopy and proposing a novel method for utilizing common laboratory materials for advanced applications. We investigated the detailed characteristics of EVs from breast cancer cells through proteomics, observing a clear difference in protein composition between hypoxic and normoxic vesicles. In cellular studies, the self-signaling of hypoxic EVs favored cell invasion under optimal oxygen conditions. In co-culture models using cells from the tumor microenvironment, we verified that hypoxic EVs act to recapitulate the cellular phenotype, maintaining cell cohesion in tumor and promoting a pro-tumoral microenvironment. Scaling up the study for potential therapeutic applications, we investigated the internalization of model EVs by human B cells ex vivo, corroborating previous findings in primate models and enabling further advancements in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies.
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    Recursos digitais em aulas de espanhol: experiências de professores durante as aulas remotas e presenciais
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Bueno, Melanie Zambon
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    Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-3126
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0397450512944041
    Con la pandemia Covid-19, la interacción en lengua española se trasladó de un ambiente físico, en el que el contacto entre los alumnos era mutuo, a un ambiente virtual, que depende de varios factores para que ocurra, desde los equipos utilizados, como las computadoras, hasta la velocidad del internet (Kenski, 2003). Con eso, muchos alumnos se quedaron sin acceso a las clases, lo que perjudicó la interacción con sus profesores y amigos. El cambio del aula presencial para el virtual trajo también muchas discusiones acerca de la ubicuidad del conocimiento (Santaella,2013), llevando a la necesidad del desarrollo de nuevas competencias digitales, para que los docentes hicieran de las herramientas digitales más que simplemente un auxilio en las clases, hacerlas recursos digitales, parte de la planificación y del enfoque(Mayrink y Albuquerque-Costa, 2017). En vista de este escenario, desarrollamos una investigación en la graduación (Bueno, 2021) objetivando identificar, junto a un grupo de profesores de español de las enseñanzas fundamental y media, las posibilidades y limitaciones de tecnologías digitales utilizadas antes y durante la pandemia para la interacción con los alumnos, ya que interactuar en la clase de lengua española es muy importante para que el alumno pueda construir su conocimiento, según Amendolara (2008). Los resultados alcanzados en nuestra investigación anterior evidenciaron la importancia de profundizar más la recolección de datos y los análisis y, entonces, propusimos la continuidad de esta investigación en nivel de maestría. Son objetivos de esta disertación, por lo tanto, profundizar discusiones con respecto a la forma como son utilizadas las tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lengua española, identificar cuáles recursos digitales fueron utilizados para promover la interacción por este mismo grupo de profesores de español con el regreso a las clases presenciales y discutir las dificultades de su inserción en clases, bien como sus potencialidades interactivas; además de entender la visión del grupo sobre Competencia Digital, para hacer una reflexión. Metodológicamente, la investigación posee carácter cualitativo-exploratorio (Oliveira, 2008) y longitudinal (Goldstein, 1979) y se desarrolló en tres etapas. En la etapa inicial, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en Google Scholar y en Portal de Periódicos CAPES de investigaciones y publicaciones anteriores en el área de Lingüística y Lingüística Aplicada sobre el uso de recursos digitales para la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera en Brasil. En posesión de estos datos, elaboramos un cuestionario y una entrevista semi estructurados que fueron respondidos por el grupo de profesores. La segunda etapa consistió en la recolección de respuestas para profundización y la última etapa consistió en la sistematización y el análisis comparativo de los datos recopilados en 2020-2021 y 2022-2023. La investigación se basa en estudios teóricos sobre el uso de tecnologías digitales en el campo educacional general (Kenski, 2003) sobre la tecnopedagogía crítica (Román-Mendoza, 2018) y sobre el uso de tecnologías en la enseñanza de lenguas en el campo de la Lingüística Aplicada (Soto, Mayrink y Gregolin, 2009; Paiva, 2008; Tallei, 2011;2014; Fraga, 2013; Gregolin, 2017; y Abio, 2017). Por medio de estos datos, se hizo posible identificar nuevas maneras de integrar tecnologías a prácticas didácticas durante la pandemia, tendencia que no se observó en las prácticas presenciales previas y posteriores a ella.
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    Variáveis hematológicas, imunológicas e regulação iônica em Tilápia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus coletadas em lagoas da Grande Vitória -Espírito Santo- em áreas de influência de atividades metalúrgicas
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Carvalho, Luana Beserra de
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    Souza, Iara da Costa
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
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    Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
    Aquatic ecosystems, especially those located close to urban centers and metallurgical activities, are receptors of wastewater and deposition of particulate matter from surrounding activities. Brazil is one of the largest producers and exporters of iron ore, with emphasis on the state of Espírito Santo, where two of the largest metallurgical complexes in the country are located, the Tubarão and Ubu Complex. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the blood, gills and kidneys of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus collected in coastal lagoons influenced by metallurgical activities (Maemba and Carapebus) and in an aquaculture facility (Alegre) located in Alegre, 140 km from metallurgical industries. Water and sediment, and blood, gills and kidneys of O. niloticus collected in these lagoons and in Alegre were analyzed for the presence and concentration of metals. In fish, the relative condition factor (Kn) and multibiomarkers (hematological, immunological, physiological, genotoxicity and mutagenicity) were analyzed in the blood (plasma and erythrocytes) to evaluate animal health, and multibiomarkers (biochemical, morphological and physiological) were analyzed in the gills and kidneys to verify the mechanisms of osmotic and ionic regulation. The physical and chemical parameters of the water influence the ecosystem of these lagoons, the bioavailability of metals and the osmoregulation. The analysis of the main components separated Alegre from the other lagoons that are influenced by waste from metallurgical industries. Although some metals in the water and sediment of Alegre were higher than in the lagoons, the concentrations of metals in the blood of fish from Alegre were lower compared to that of fish collected in Maemba and Carapebus, while in the gills and kidneys, some metals were higher. higher than in the lagoons. Fish from the Maemba M1 lagoon showed anemia and lower osmolality. Fish from the Carapebus lagoon had higher percentage of micronuclei suggesting the presence of genotoxic agents in the water or sediment, and had the highest Cl- concentration, which may be related to an adjustment to the brackish water in which they live. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase, H+-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase enzymes, ionocyte fractional area in the gill surface and in renal tubular area varied in the fish of lagoons due to physicochemical characteristics and metal concentration of the lagoons. In conclusion, fish from Alegre have the best health conditions when compared to fish located in lagoons close to metallurgical activities confirming the hypothesis that fish collected in lagoons close to mining and steel activities have a more compromised health due to the human influences around them compared to fish from a region without these industries (Alegre).
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    Teorema de Pitágoras: proposta de sequência didática para o trabalho com demonstrações no 9° ano do ensino fundamental
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Gomes, João Lorena de Jesus Gomes
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    Massago, Sadao
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1915704875970931
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    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1915704875970931
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-3811
    This work adresses the role and importance of demonstrations in Mathematics classes for the final Years of Elementary Education. To this end, it considers as a starting point the BNCC, which includes the performance of demonstrations among the skills that students should acquire throughou their schooling. It discusses the demonstration as intrinsic characteristic of Mathematics, as a means of validation and advancement in the most diverse fields of study of this Science. It also presents he suggestion of three demonstration of the Pythagorean theorem that can be carried out together with 9th-grade students of Elementary Education, in order to answer the guiding question “How is it possible to perform demonstrations of the Pythagorean theorem in Elementary Education?”.
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    Desenvolvimento de produto e Tecnologia Assistiva: uma revisão sistemática de modelos de auxílio à prática projetual de dispositivos assistivos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Barros, Fabio Lopes
    ;
    Borrás, Miguel Ángel Aires
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/0247842684077591
    The purpose of this study is to identify common patterns in the development processes of assistive products by conducting a systematic literature review. The study focuses on articles from scientific databases that present studies on the design process in Assistive Technology (AT). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodological tool was used to identify 116 relevant articles on AT development methodologies in the Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. Based on the criteria proposed by the PRISMA logic 15 articles were selected for analysis. Despite the diversity of methodological approaches found, the data and information were systematized to identify patterns that unified them. The findings of this study revealed a methodological approach that unifies the patterns, and it is presented as the main result.
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    (Nano)partículas metálicas para diferentes arquiteturas de dispositivos eletroquímicos
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Orzari, Luiz Otávio
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-9795
    ;
    Janegitz, Bruno Campos
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3384547719546332
    In this doctoral thesis, new architectures of electrochemical systems for fuel cells, sensors and biosensors were developed. To this end, various methodologies for adding metallic particles to the surface of the working electrode were explored, following characterizations and investigations into their behavior and subsequent applications in energy efficiency and/or determination of analytes. Firstly, a multifunctional device was developed, exploring the combination of fuel cells with electrochemical sensing, in a single system. To this end, compositions of carbon-supported electrocatalysts were investigated, involving the metals Pd, Ag and Bi. In the ethanol oxidation reaction, the Pd50Ag45Bi05/C catalyst demonstrated interesting behavior and cost-efficiency, being subsequently used for the determination of dopamine in synthetic urine samples. Two analytical curves were obtained for the sensor: one involving the direct oxidation of dopamine from 4.0 to 40 µmol L−1, with a detection limit (LOD) equal to 0.035 µmol L−1; and another, due to the complexation that occurs between catecholamines and metal surfaces, from 0.2 to 1.0 µmol L−1, with a LOD of 0.14 µmol L−1. The second device is an electrochemical sensor and immunosensor, in which Pd nanoparticles were electrodeposited on the surface of the working electrode. To this end, a new conductive carbon black and polyvinyl acetate ink was developed to manufacture the three-electrode system. With the aid of Design of Experiments, the parameters for metal deposition were investigated and the sensor was applied to determine epinephrine in synthetic cerebrospinal fluid samples. Afterwards, the sensor was modified with cysteamine and glutaraldehyde for proper immobilization of Anti--synuclein. The biosensor was then used to construct a calibration curve of -synuclein phosphate buffer, with a linear range between 1.5 and 15 g mL−1 (LOD = 0.13 g mL−1) and in samples of human blood serum, in a linear range of 6.0 and 100.5 g mL−1 (LOD = 1.31 g mL−1), by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, demonstrating its efficiency in more complex environments. The third system involved the use of Au microflowers electrodeposited on the surface of the previously developed conductive ink, to increase the capacitance response of the material. Design of Experiments was used to optimize the conditions of the self-assembled layers for biosensor modification. Once the best working conditions were defined, non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to find a linear range between capacitance and PARK7/DJ-1 concentration, corresponding to the region of 20 to 120 ng mL−1. The LOD obtained for this system was 0.207 ng mL−1. The device was then applied to a fortified synthetic cerebrospinal fluid sample, where it showed attractive responses using the spike and recovery method. Finally, a last device was developedfor the oxidation of ethanol, seeking to combine the properties of Au and Bi to produce a more attractive device for catalytic processes. Full factorial and Doehlert matrix designs were used to find an optimal composition between the metals. An extensive morphological and electrochemical characterization was carried out, seeking to understand the behavior of the conductive ink modified with each of the metals separately, as well as with their mixture. Considered a less efficient catalyst due to its high chemical stability, Au becomes much more efficient in synergy with low concentrations of Bi, but the material does not have complete regeneration of its surface, being more suitable for processes in which current generation must be high in a short space of time.
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    Formação continuada de professores (as) na educação infantil: contribuições para uma educação antirracista a partir das tertúlias dialógicas pedagógicas
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Guedes, Helenice Aparecida Magalhães De Sousa
    ;
    Braga, Fabiana Marini
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/1103496815216263
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/9140519094204978
    The thesis discusses the Dialogic Pedagogical Training of Teachers and its contributions to Anti-Racist Education, with a focus on Early Childhood Education. This approach is recognized as a Successful Educational Action, identified by the Includ-Ed project (2011). Based on the Communicative Methodology (CM), the main objective of the research was to analyze, through transformative and/or exclusionary elements reported by the research participants, how the continued education of Early Childhood teachers can contribute to Anti-Racist Education, with dialogic pedagogical gatherings as the central axis. The study aims to identify its contributions to anti-racist education and compliance with related laws, 10.639/03 and 11.645/08. The central thesis argues that Dialogic Pedagogical Gatherings are a tool that provides effective knowledge and instruments for the continued education of teachers to promote Anti-Racist Education. To this end, Dialogic Pedagogical Gatherings on Anti-Racist Education were conducted with in-service teachers and school staff through a course offered and certified by institutional means, in partnership with the research center to which the researcher belongs. The guiding questions of this study are: What knowledge do teachers have about Anti-Racist Education? What transformative and exclusionary elements do Dialogic Pedagogical Gatherings (DPG) offer Early Childhood teachers for the development of Anti-Racist Education? Data collection and organization were carried out through three instruments: Questionnaires, Communicative Interviews, and Communicative Discussion Groups (Gómez, 2006). The research involved 18 participants, including in-service teachers and members of the management team from two public municipal schools. The results indicate that dialogic pedagogical training, through DPGs, can contribute to promoting Anti-Racist Education and strengthening the ethnic and racial identity of children. For this, it is necessary to expand the inclusion of the topic in continued training and carry it out base on scientific evidence.
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    Função endotelial como indicador prognóstico, influência nos níveis de atividade física em pessoas idosas e evidências científicas sobre a reabilitação pulmonar em pacientes com síndrome pós-COVID-19
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Oliveira, Murilo Rezende
    ;
    Silva, Audrey Borghi
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-6941
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238891126104160
    The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to public health, particularly for vulnerable populations such as older people, COVID-19 patients, and those with persistent symptoms post-infection (Post-COVID-19 Syndrome). Given the knowledge gap and lack of evidence on the topic during the development of this thesis (from 2020 to 2024), our research group conducted studies to elucidate the main issues at each stage following the onset of COVID-19. Below are three of these studies: Study I - Objective: To evaluate the relationship between flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, a non-invasive measure of endothelial function, with hospitalization days and mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and to compare these measures and outcomes in patients with and without COVID-19. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 180 participants, including both confirmed COVID-19 patients (COVID-19 group) and suspected COVID-19 patients (Non-COVID-19 group). Clinical assessment and FMD measurements were performed within the first 24-48 hours of hospitalization. Patients were followed until discharge or death. Results: We evaluated 98 patients in the COVID-19 group and 82 in the Non-COVID-19 group. The COVID-19 group had longer hospital stays and higher mortality rates compared to the Non-COVID-19 group (p=0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). The COVID-19 group also showed a significantly greater reduction in both absolute and relative FMD (p<0.01 for both). Absolute FMD≤0.26 mm and relative FMD≤3.43% were identified as optimal cut-off points for predicting mortality and longer hospital stays. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that COVID-19 patients had a high probability of death within 10 days of hospitalization. Conclusion: Hospitalized COVID-19 patients exhibit early endothelial dysfunction, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality compared to those hospitalized for other reasons. Study II - Objective: To evaluate the available evidence on the physical activity levels of older people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021241116), included cross-sectional and cohort studies. The New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to measure study quality. Results: A total of 25 studies were found, including 14 cross-sectional and 11 cohort studies. The studies indicated that the older population was highly affected regarding physical activity levels and lifestyle during the COVID-19-induced restrictions, quarantines, and lockdowns. There was a significant reduction in physical activity levels, leading to declines in physical fitness and an increase in sedentary behavior, factors directly related to increased frailty in this population. Conclusion: Physical activity levels in the older population decreased during the COVID-19 quarantine period worldwide. Strategies to maintain physical condition should be encouraged with exercises that meet the needs of the older people during the pandemic to maintain and improve their health. Study III - Objective: To establish the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with persistent symptoms post-COVID-19 infection. Additionally, to compare the modalities of pulmonary rehabilitation services (face-to-face and telerehabilitation) and the duration in weeks (4-8 weeks and >8 weeks). Methods: This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022310788), included randomized clinical trials. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB-1). Results: The literature search retrieved 1,406 articles, of which 7 studies explored the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The meta-analysis showed an increase in exercise capacity with pulmonary rehabilitation compared to control (6-minute walk test: mean difference: 60.56 m, 95% confidence interval: 40.75−80.36), a reduction in fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale: MD: -0.90, 95%CI: -1.49 to -0.31), but no change in dyspnea (MD: -0.57, 95%CI: -1.32 to 0.17) and muscle strength (MD: 3.03, 95%CI: -1.89 to 7.96). There were no differences between telerehabilitation and in-person pulmonary rehabilitation regarding effects on peripheral muscle strength (p=0.42), dyspnea (p=0.83), and fatigue (p=0.34). No differences were found between programs of 4-8 weeks and >8 weeks concerning exercise capacity (p=0.83), peripheral muscle strength (p=0.42), and dyspnea (p=0.76). Conclusions: Pulmonary rehabilitation improves exercise capacity and reduces fatigue in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. The duration of pulmonary rehabilitation (4-8 weeks vs. >8 weeks) or modality (telerehabilitation vs. face-to-face) did not affect the outcomes, but data were limited and based on subgroup analyses. More evidence is needed to determine the optimal delivery mode and duration of pulmonary rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 syndrome. Final Considerations and Future Directions: Based on the findings, we conclude that these results reinforce the importance of considering non-invasive endothelial function assessment using FMD early in hospitals for COVID-19 patients. Additionally, this study underscores the need to seek measures to improve and restore physical activity levels in the elderly in the post-pandemic period and highlights the essential role of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients who were infected with COVID-19. However, evidence on the best form of distribution and duration of rehabilitation remains insufficient, and high-quality clinical trials are needed.
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    Plantas de cobertura como facilitadoras do cultivo de milho em sistema de plantio direto orgânico
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-26)
    Silva, Maira Abigail dos Santos
    ;
    Silva, Laura Fernanda Simões da
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2235270776321472
    ;
    Fontanetti, Anastácia
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
    Cover crops can act as facilitators for the production of maize (Zea mays L.) in an organic no-tillage system. The mixture of species and/or isolated cultivation, mainly of legumes, can increase the availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for maize in succession. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of cover crops, isolated and in a mixture (mix), on N and P dynamics in the soil, mineral nutrition, and maize production in an organic no-tillage system. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 5 replications and 4 treatments: (1) Mix - Crotalaria ochroleuca, dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan, L. Millsp.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, L. R. Brown), and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), (2) pearl millet, (3) C. ochroleuca, and (4) fallow/spontaneous vegetation. The green and dry mass production, lignin content, and macronutrient accumulation were evaluated in the cover crops. In the soil, ammonium, nitrate, available phosphorus (P) levels, and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes were assessed. For maize, chlorophyll index, foliar macronutrient content, and grain yield were evaluated. C. ochroleuca contributed to the supply of N (ammonium and nitrate) in sync with maize demand, and despite not increasing foliar N levels, it provided the highest maize grain yield. The inclusion of cover crops recognized for their efficiency in P absorption from the soil, such as dwarf pigeon pea and buckwheat, increased P accumulation in the dry mass of the mix. However, it did not increase soil P levels during the maize cycle sown in succession.
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    On the thermomechanical behavior of model composites using digital image correlation
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-28)
    Zago, Igor Paganotto
    ;
    Angélico, Ricardo Afonso
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/4572583709143785
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1621-9221
    ;
    Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
    In composite systems with incompatibility between the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of their phases, stresses can lead to cracking of the material during a temperature variation. Analytical, numerical and experimental studies on the subject have been carried out. Experimentally, this topic is difficult to approach, since observing and measuring the effects of temperature variation in composite systems is not a trivial task. With the development and improvement of field measurement techniques such as Digital Image Correlation (DIC), a new approach is proposed in combination with the use of model composites. In the present study, mechanical and thermal properties of model composites phases composed of alumina and colloidal silica matrices with cylindrical inclusions of brass or zirconia were evaluated, and temperature variation experiments aided by DIC were carried out to obtain experimental displacement and strain fields. The model composites temperature variations were conducted up to 300, 600 or 900 ○C depending on the systems’s response up to that temperature. Such experiments allow the visualization of the model composites cracking, which can be quantified in terms of crack initiation and evolution. The quantification of cracking was done from the calculation of an inelastic strain field. Obtaining this field of both opposite faces of the tested systems and quantifying its cracking provides data for comparison with analytical and numerical modeling of cracking phenomena due to CTE incompatibility of such systems, results that do not exist in the literature. Thus, the data produced allows the modeling of this phenomenon to be carried out for the proposed composite systems, using the evaluated properties and having field information and parameterized cracking parameters for comparison.
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    Identificação de padrões de viagens urbanas por meio de análise espacial: estudo de caso de Araraquara, SP
    (Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-07-29)
    Oliveira, Rafael Augusto de
    ;
    Guerreiro, Thais de Cassia Martinelli
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/2650555786682535
    ;
    https://lattes.cnpq.br/3042103539298188
    ;
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8019-3273
    Urban mobility has been becoming increasingly important for the operation of cities, currently the greatest expressions of the human organization of life in society. As is related to the access to the various opportunities offered and daily activities in the urban environment, the growing interest in its planning has been consolidating, while its importance and complexity is beginning to be understood. In Brazil, urban mobility planning is the object of Urban Mobility Plans, mandatory for all municipalities with more than 20,000 inhabitants and that also have to elaborate Master Plans. In this context, the city of Araraquara, in the interior of São Paulo, in the process of its Urban Mobility Plan review, had several studies capable of diagnosing the conditions of transport, travels and mobility in its territory. In order to continue these papers, this research aims to apply spatial analysis and spatial statistics techniques to identify and understand patterns related to population travels. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), a statistical computing environment and a spatial data analysis software, the data collected in the Origin-Destination Survey (O/D) conducted between 2020 and 2021 were used. The analyzes seek to complement previous papers, considering the spatial aspects of income, age, gender, reasons for travel and level of education related to travels using different modes of transportation. The results indicate that the significant distributions of each variable are similar to the distributions of trips as a whole, mostly around the central region and its surroundings, which proves to be a solid urban nucleus. Other secondary and emerging centers are identified in peripheral regions, mainly using alternative modes to the car. In fact, the analyzes can contribute to obtaining additional subsidies for public policies and urban mobility planning in Araraquara.