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Controle do mercúrio no Brasil: efeitos socioambientais, providências administrativas e práticas participativas no território do rio Juruá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Peinado, Tassiane Garcia; Amarante Júnior, Ozelito Possidônio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7857430001310706; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-9463; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1097227605708640; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7651-8234
The protection of natural resources and advances towards sustainable development require the effective participation of society in improving public policies. Conflicts of interest related to the management of natural resources and protected areas are recurrent and aggravated by exclusionary and unilateral management. Complex threats such as those resulting from mineral exploration, using mercury, require adaptive and innovative management from the Public Authorities, capable of integrating the different interests of the parties involved. To understand the environmental risks associated with the indiscriminate use of mercury in economic activity, especially in gold extraction, it is extremely important to understand the dynamics of mercury in ecosystems, especially in the Legal Amazon, as it is a region that arouses great interest in the mining sector; and the mercury governance model in Brazilian territory. It is assumed that various forms of popular participation occur, especially among populations vulnerable to mercury contamination, such as those living in the Legal Amazon, who, in an articulated manner and through representatives, feel encouraged to express their opinions regarding gold mining and the use of mercury. In order to find answers about the effectiveness of popular participation in environmental control of mercury use, the research identified participatory mechanisms related to the management of natural resources and protected areas, explored through a case study on the Território Médio Juruá, in Amazonas. Based on local demonstrations against mining in the region, the research assessed the established capacity of the Public Authorities to internalize popular demands, in response to the desires expressed by the community, using consultation with state and federal institutes responsible for the governance of natural resources and specially protected territorial spaces. Regarding the powers of the Public Authorities to provide means, incentives and responses to popular demands, it is conjectured that, despite being institutionalized, participatory instruments lack improvement in the field of environmental democracy, established by adequate access to information, participation and environmental justice.
Estudo de caso: análise de falha prematura de um eixo de pinhão com aplicação em redutores de turbina eólica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Almeida, Marina Gomes de; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
Failure analysis in steels consists of several stages, in which different analyses are involved. This paper presents a complete failure analysis of a pinion made of 18CrNiMo7-6 steel, whose application is in wind turbines, which presented cracks after the heat treatment process. The study shows some points of improvement in the process to avoid crack nucleation and propagation, as it occurred. For this purpose, analyses were performed via stereoscopy, optical microscopy, Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the gas carburizing process used in the tool caused intergranular oxidation in the center hole, which led to embrittlement in the region. Finally, it was seen that it would be ideal to protect the tool fitting area during the carburizing process, carburizing only its working area.
Logística verde no transporte de carga no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Vieira, Letícia Borges; Urban, Roberta Cerasi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985
The effects of climate change are being felt around the world. Caused by the emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere from anthropogenic activities such as the burning of fuels in transportation, industry, power generation and deforestation, companies are being held responsible and pressured to improve energy efficiency and find ways to mitigate or minimize the damage caused by their activities, especially logistics. In 2010, activities such as transportation accounted for 23% of global CO2 emissions. Although Brazil is a developing country with continental dimensions and diverse natural resources, the country has been disappointing in its sustainability metrics, ranking fifth among the largest climate polluters. This is because cargo transportation is based on the highest specific emissions mode, road transport, which in turn depends mostly on fossil fuels, which are non-renewable and highly polluting. In this way, the possibility of achieving lower emission levels can be seen by optimizing the country's cargo transport sector through strategies that culminate in the green logistics philosophy. With the advent of Industry 4.0, we can count on the support of technology to obtain data, analyze it and make decisions based on it - specifically to optimize routes, schedule movements, monitor fuel consumption and manage metrics. There is a growing body of research in the field of green logistics, with a focus on the use of alternative fuels, intermodal transfers, and infrastructure improvements in road, waterway and railway systems, each with its own specificities and challenges, and all under the supervision and regulation of organizations and the state through policies, taxes, and/or transactions in the carbon market.
Alimentação e patrimônio imaterial da humanidade: diálogos a partir do cuscuz no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Silva, Ariane Nascimento; Souza, Geraldo Tadeu; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-0027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3786511750713521; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7179-4460
This dissertation is an interdisciplinary research with a qualitative approach, an exploratory process, methodologically anchored in bibliographic and documentary research that observes the traces of couscous - steamed wheat semolina - from the transit of Maghrebians/Africans to the Iberian Peninsula, until the arrival of Portuguese colonizers in Pindorama (Land of Palm Trees). From this, it problematizes couscous as Intangible Heritage of Humanity and the relationship of belonging of Brazilian cuscuz, based on cassava and corn, to this heritage based on the history of food in Brazil (Braga, 2024; Cascudo, 2011; Castro, 2022). To this end, we start from contracolonial ethical and political exercises (Confluências Afroindigenas, 2020; Santos, 2020; 2023), invoking an authorial place of embodied researcher (Messeder, 2018; 2020a; 2020b), articulated with the decolonial political-academic project (Bernardino-Costa; Grosfoguel; Maldonado-Torres, 2019). These contracolonial exercises demand extra-academic attitudes of involvement with the struggles for the defense of seeds, lands and agrarian reform, in order to preserve our food culture. Finally, we realize that cuscuz made from cassava or corn, with its origins in African/Maghrebian culinary traditions and indigenous/Pindoramic agricultural traditions, represents a fruitful starting point for exploring issues of identities, memories and resistance, as well as affirming them.
Desenvolvimento de compósitos bioativos a base de PBAT e PLA com adição de hidroxiapatita e tanino para aplicação em engenharia de tecidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Bezerra, Ewerton de Oliveira Teotônio; Harb, Samarah Vargas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560017272003082; Pessan, Luiz Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0812326514276654; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-7898
The increase in the population's life expectancy has increased the demand for orthopedic procedures aimed at bone repairing, driving the development of new materials to assist in tissue regeneration. In this context, this project aimed to obtain biocomposites for manufacturing bioactive scaffolds via 3D printing, aiming at bone regeneration. The biocomposites were based on Ecovio® (Poly(lactic acid) - PLA/ Poly(adipate butylene co-terephthalate) - (PBAT)), hydroxyapatite (HA) and an amino-functionalized derivative of tannin (TN). In the first stage, TN purification was performed to remove impurities from its synthesis process. The next step involved the processing of the Ecovio biocomposites in which both HA and purified tannin (pTN) were incorporated in a proportion of 10wt% each, using an internal mixer. Thermal, rheological, morphological, and mechanical characteristics, as well as printability, bioactivity, and antimicrobial activity, were investigated. In the last stage, Ecovio® scaffolds were 3D printed, followed by surface modifications with alkaline treatment and subsequent addition of pTN and HA in order to optimize their biological properties. The morphological, mechanical, wettability, surface roughness, bioactivity, and cell biocompatibility were evaluated. The results showed that the purification of TN was successful and suggest that the addition of pTN and HA did not degrade the polymer matrix, conferring bioactivity and bactericidal efficacy in the compositions with pTN. The superficial modifications were successfully performed regarding the scaffolds, optimizing their biological properties, such as bioactivity and biocompatibility, favoring cell proliferation. The biological and mechanical properties of the scaffolds showed that the materials developed are compatible with the requirements for application as bone grafts.
Análise de confiabilidade em projetos de elementos de treliças planas de madeira considerando a variabilidade da inclinação das fibras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Fraga, Iuri Fazolin; Pereira Junior, Wanderlei Malaquias; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2268506213083114; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-3666; Christoforo, André Luis; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623383075429186; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3180484792983028; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0310-0237
Wood, widely used in civil construction in various regions of the world, stands out for its sustainability, low energy consumption, and remarkable mechanical properties. In Brazil, although its application in structural systems is less predominant compared to countries in the Northern Hemisphere, wood plays a significant role, especially in roofing structures. The country preserves some historical roofing structures that remain in use, demonstrating the material’s durability when properly treated. In this context, three scenarios deserve attention: the restoration of historical structures, the transition to prefabricated systems, and the uncertainties in design and service conditions throughout the lifespan of the structures. The difficulty in accurately establishing the properties of materials, actions, and inherent defects often leads engineers to adopt deterministic approaches, despite many of these variables being random. Thus, reliability analysis becomes essential for decision-making regarding the structure’s fate. Given the above, this study emphasized reliability analysis in the design of flat timber truss elements, considering grain orientation as the main random variable, which, under certain conditions, significantly impacts the material’s mechanical properties. Models were developed that incorporate this variability, considering different species of hardwood, comparing the reliability indices (β) obtained with normative standards and the ideal condition of perfect fiber parallelism. The methodology employed included Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), using random variables representing wood properties, grain inclination, actions, and loads. The physical and mechanical properties of three types of wood were characterized: Cambará, Angelim-pedra, and Angelim-vermelho. Regression models were developed to estimate these properties at different fiber inclinations, demonstrating statistical significance and satisfactory determination coefficients (R2). The results indicated that the instability of axially compressed members is crucial in the design and reliability of flat wooden trusses, with a concerning reduction in β values in larger spans, compromising reliability and suggesting the need for adjustments. New simulations revealed that thicker profiles improve reliability indices (β), even while maintaining the cross-sectional area. The wood species had little influence on β values, while variability, represented by Coefficients of Variation (CV), and the proximity of limit state equations to the null value play a crucial role. The p-values of the t-test evidenced the statistical significance of failure probabilities from a 2° inclination, challenging the Hankinson model, which suggests limited impact for inclinations up to 6°. The research reinforces the importance of grain inclination variability in the reliability of elements, highlighting the need for adjustments in the modification factor, although this requires a comprehensive study of the probabilistic modeling of fiber inclination. Therefore, this research represents an initial advance in integrating this variability into wooden structural designs, with the potential for significant improvements in structural reliability and the adoption of safer and more effective design practices.
Clusterização de dados no mercado de crédito privado: a influência das passagens entre fundos de investimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Lima, Paulo Vitor Tognolo; Levada, Alexandre Luis Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463
The main objective of this work is to analyze the impact of Transfer Procedures operations in the secondary market of fixed income for local corporate bonds, focusing on the PEJA11 debenture. For this purpose, a pattern recognition algorithm was developed using the unsupervised machine learning method DBSCAN, with the aim of identifying and differentiating these operations from effective trades. Based on a detailed analysis of the trading data registered in CETIP, covering the period from April 2023 to April 2024, it was possible to observe how Transfer Procedures operations influence the Average Daily Trading Volume (ADTV) metric and the perception of liquidity in the market. The choice of the PEJA11 debenture was motivated by its high financial volume and the significant frequency of its trades, making it representative for the study. The results obtained demonstrate that the developed algorithm was effective in identifying Transfer Procedures operations, resulting in a reduction of approximately 28% in the Average Daily Trading Volume (ADTV) after the algorithm was applied, compared to the ADTV calculated without using the method. This reduction highlights the significant influence of Transfer Procedures on the perception of liquidity. Additionally, the data visualization techniques applied provided clear and intuitive insights into trading patterns, facilitating the interpretation of the results. This study contributes to a better understanding of the nuances of the local corporate bonds market and suggests that the developed methodology can be applied to other assets, assisting in making informed decisions and more accurate pricing of these securities.
Por que não conseguimos vencer a dengue? Um estudo de representações sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Vargas, Priscila Victorelli Pires; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-7334; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4632936792488683; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-6913
Dengue is a viral disease that has affected thousands of individuals for years. Without a specific treatment or vaccine that broadly serves the population, health education becomes essential for controlling this disease. The campaigns and information provided by the media (traditional and non-traditional) focus on preventive actions to control Aedes aegypti, reducing the image of the disease to this vector. The dispersion of this information contributes to the formation of Social Representations about dengue in different social groups, which determine people's attitudes and behaviors at confronting the disease disease. Aim to analyze the social representations of professionals from the Family Health Strategy and the population regarding dengue. This is a social health research, exploratory with a qualitative approach and also online documentary carried out in 3 stages. In the first, interviews were made with 33 professionals and 35 users from 5 teams of the Family Health Strategy in a small municipality in the interior of the state of SP. The interviews were carried out using the IRAMUTEQ Software. The constructed classes were analyzed using the Thematic Analysis technique in light of the General Theory of Social Representations. In the second stage, of an online documentary nature, information disseminated on the social network, Facebook of the Ministry of Health and the City Hall about dengue and/or Aedes aegypti from November 2022 to May 2023 and November 2023 to May 2023 was analyzed. 2024, period of greatest rainfall. In the third stage, the interviews and the products conveyed were analyzed in an articulated way. The research was approved by CEP/UFSCar. The interviews with health professionals gave rise to 2 subcorpora: Prevention actions and dengue and everyday experiences, divided into 5 classes. Those of users, subcorpus 1, Signs and symptoms of the disease and subcorpus 2, Dengue in the community, divided into 6 classes. The information published on Facebook by the City Hall, Ministry of Health (MS1 and MS2), also formed 2 subcorpora for each analysis. City Hall, subcorpus 1: Information on the number of cases and subcorpus 2: Aedes Prevention, divided into 2 classes; MS1, subcorpus 1: Aedes aegypti Prevention Actions and subcorpus 2: Increase in the number of cases and the importance of adequate care, were divided into 7 classes; MS2, subcorpus 1: State actions to control dengue and subcopus 2: Vector and mortality prevention actions, divided into 5 classes. The main guidelines from government bodies are related to the vector and the intra- and per-household elimination of specific water deposits (gutters, plant pots and plates, gutters, water tanks) and the dissemination of signs and symptoms. Institutional discourse is present in the social imagination of health professionals and users, reproducing the same information. The mass media and institutional discourse influence the SR of health professionals and users. Both social groups have anchored vector prevention actions in the campaign/health model and the disease in the biomedical model. For both groups interviewed, there is a lack of information about the vector and the disease. Furthermore, they do not consider the macrostructural factors that contribute to the maintenance of dengue in Brazil. The information published by the MS is only informational and vertical, which does not favor popular participation and also disregards the needs of the communities and the activities carried out within the assigned territories are fragmented and disjointed with the reality of individuals. For all these reasons, the need for education in STS is emphasized so that the construction of knowledge and the resolution of problems is collective.
Características da formação e a atuação docente nas classes hospitalares: uma revisão narrativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-02) Zachanini, Ananda Martins; Santos, Izabella Mendes Sant'Ana; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7860235863062183; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-350X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9412413495766445
Education is a right for all children and adolescents, including those who are hospitalized. This study aims to address teaching training and performance in hospital classes through a narrative review of scientific literature. To this end, a narrative review (ROTHER, 2007) was carried out on the topic with the aim of understanding aspects relating to the teacher's performance. In the hospital class. The topics covered involved a brief history of Hospital Pedagogy; the definition and official guidelines on hospital classes in Brazil; as well as the training and performance of the hospital class teacher, including their professional profile. Various aspects are addressed, such as: the need for specific training and pedagogical guidance on working in the Hospital Class; the importance of the teacher's role within a multidisciplinary team, and the need to understand and adapt pedagogical methods to the peculiarities of the hospital environment with a view to promoting inclusive education and the integral well-being of students. It is argued that the hospital class teacher plays a fundamental role in the learning process and, to a certain extent, in alleviating the pressure of hospitalization for children and adolescents