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A práxis curricular da Educação Infantil nas pré-escolas públicas de Sorocaba à luz da articulação entre a Pedagogia Freireana e os pressupostos do Materialismo Histórico-dialético
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30) Bravo, Daniela Gaete Sewaybricker; Torres, Juliana Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3083345943491817; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-6702; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0012269449134102; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-1993
The present research has as its object of study the curricular praxis of Early Childhood Education in preschools in the municipal education network of Sorocaba in the light of the articulation between Freirean Pedagogy and the assumptions of Historical-dialectical Materialism and aims to analyze to what extent curricular praxis of preschools in the Sorocaba municipal education network come closer to or distance themselves from Freire's authentic curricular praxis in the light of Historical-dialectical Materialism. It presents a qualitative approach and makes use of bibliographical research, documentary analysis, observation of teaching practice and questionnaires with open and closed questions, which were applied in the second half of 2023 to management teams and educators of educational institutions in the municipal education network. Sorocaba-SP, with exclusive services for the pre-school stage. Thus, we used bibliographical research for the historical construction of the evolution of Brazilian Early Childhood Education and the constitution of preschools in the city of Sorocaba, in addition to characterizing the concept of praxis, classifying it within the context of Historical-dialectical Materialism, since Marx and Engels and its dissemination to Freire. We then present Freire's Liberating Education and his conception of curricular praxis, contemplating his conception of a critical-liberating curriculum and its consequences in Early Childhood Education. The analysis of the documents, the data collected via questionnaires, as well as the observation of the educators' performance in the classroom, were carried out using the Discursive Textual Analysis methodology, based on Freire's Authentic Curricular Praxis category, which is understood as inherent to the categories dialogue, problematization, awareness, which, in turn, are permeated by the concrete reality category. The subject praxiological parameters, contexts and processes were defined a priori, which helped us to size the curricular praxis of preschools in the municipal education network of Sorocaba. We conclude that, despite the efforts and good intentions expressed in the analysis of the questionnaires and the actions observed in the classroom, there is still a long way to go so that the curricular praxis in preschools in the municipal education network of Sorocaba becomes truly critical and liberating, closer to authentic praxis. However, we defend the viability of an authentic curricular praxis in Early Childhood Education, specifically for preschools in the municipal education network, and we propose the development of a critical-liberating curriculum, in addition to proposing a public policy of self(trans)formation permanent contact with teachers.
Desenvolvimento da relação letra som em crianças com autismo a partir de procedimentos de recombinação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30) Silva, Dafny Bispo da; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6164-174X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7491123847079316; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7246-1568
The development of phonemic awareness has been widely recognized as a crucial factor in the acquisition of reading and writing repertoires. Several studies in applied behavior analysis have investigated this skill in the context of literacy in Brazilian Portuguese, although most of them have not focused on autistic children. Furthermore, there is often a lack of precise and detailed descriptions of interventions, making it challenging to replicate procedures. The present research aimed to evaluate the effect of a computerized teaching program on the development of phonemic correspondence skills in autistic children. Four children diagnosed with autism participated, three male and one female, all of whom were not yet literate. An experimental single-subject design was employed, with multiple probes and a comparison of pre-and post-intervention measures. The pre-intervention measures included the reading of a set of words included in the program, while the post-intervention measures assessed performance on new words not directly taught. The dependent variable was the development of phonemic awareness, and the independent variable was the application of the computerized program, which consisted of auditory and visual stimulus matching-to-sample tasks. The results indicated that the application of systematic and technologically precise programs can significantly contribute to the development of phonological skills in autistic children, allowing for greater accuracy in teaching and the replicability of procedures.
Estudos sobre a síntese do ibuprofeno em condições de batelada e fluxo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30) Magalhães, Maria Flávia Assunção; Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9586747493762388
Ibuprofen is a widely used anti-inflammatory drug for pain, inflammation and fever. Although there are several synthetic approaches to obtain this API, most of them involve reactions that have low efficiency using toxic, dangerous and expensive reagents. Therefore, a new methodology for the synthesis of ibuprofen was proposed, using innovative approaches such as electrosynthesis and photocatalysis in both batch and continuous flow conditions. Initially, the first proposed step starts from the compound isobutylbenzene, which is cheap and commercially available. A regioselective iodination in the para position was performed using “I+” generated in the anode chamber of a divided electrochemical cell. The best condition provided the first intermediate, paraiodoisobutylbenzene, in 90% yield in a 5:1:94 ratio of the ortho:meta:para regioisomers. The second step consisted of the photocatalyzed functionalization of paraiodoisobutylbenzene using an enol acetate to form 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanal. The parameters were explored using commercial starting materials (iodotoluene and isopropenyl acetate), which provided the photofunctionalization product in 52% yield. However, when the best reaction condition was applied with prop-1-enyl acetate for the synthesis of ibuprofen, a low yield (19%) was observed, in addition to obtaining a mixture of regioisomers, making the continuation of this synthetic route unfeasible. Other approaches aiming at the use of the aryl-iodo derivative were tested, however, without achieving the desired success.
Ser professor-pesquisador: cientistas sociais e produtivismo acadêmico nas universidades estaduais paulistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30) Moraes, Lívia Bocalon Pires de; Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8415-9400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-3740
The research is part of studies on academic productivism and its repercussions on the work of professor-researchers in graduate programs in Sociology and Social Sciences at state universities in São Paulo. It focuses on the following research question: What is the influence of unequal conditions in addressing the pressures for productivist academic practices on the meanings attributed by professor-researchers to their work and the strategies they adopt in their academic-scientific practices? The objective of the investigation is to analyze the relationship between the inequality of conditions in addressing the pressures for productivist academic practices, the meanings attributed to their work by these professor-researchers, and the strategies they adopt in their academic-scientific practices. The study is grounded in Pierre Bourdieu's theory, particularly his concepts of field, capital, habitus, symbolic power, strategy, and illusio, treating professor-researchers as competing agents who occupy unequal positions within the structure of the academic field, of which graduate studies are a part. This is a mixed-methods study based on curriculum data from 145 professor-researchers affiliated with graduate programs in Sociology and Social Sciences at the University of São Paulo (USP), the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), in the Marília and Araraquara campuses, in 2019. The methodological procedures adopted included: a literature review; document analysis of the regulations governing graduate studies and research in Brazil; statistical analysis of the Lattes curriculum vitae of the professor-researchers using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA); and semi-structured interviews with eleven professors from the aforementioned graduate programs, selected based on groups resulting from the statistical analysis. The research results show that the classifications and hierarchies generated and enacted through CAPES' evaluation of graduate studies significantly affect the academic-scientific practices and shared conceptions of professor-researchers operating in the academic field. These professors recognize the institutional legitimacy of these principles as criteria for the distribution of material resources and confer upon these classifications (which become principles of vision and division) a belief in their validity as guiding precepts of intellectual work. Thus, the subjective internalization of the objective divisions established by CAPES reinforces the power of this evaluation body and the hierarchies it establishes, directly affecting the "scientific work" of professor-researchers in the Brazilian academic field. This suggests a tendency for this evaluative framework to increasingly influence the meanings that professor-researchers subjected to the "CAPES Evaluation Model" attribute to their work.
Optimization of PLA foams produced by supercritical method: influence of chemical modification and incorporation of CNC on the resulting cellular structures
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30) Suquisaqui, Ana Beatriz Valim; Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado; Bras, Julien; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1613243099074803
The main objective of this research was to study the influence of chemical modification and the introduction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) on the properties of PLA, with a view to producing foams using supercritical CO2 as a foaming agent. In parallel, to produce a cellulose-based porous material, a CNF cryogel was produced with an increased hydrophobic character, without the need for chemical treatments. For the chemical modification of PLA, GMA was used as a modifying agent, in the presence of peroxide as an initiator. For the strategy of incorporating fillers, the CNC was chemically modified by mechanochemistry using octadecyl isocyanate to increase compatibility with the PLA matrix. The nanocomposites were produced in different concentrations of neat and modified CNC. The cellulose-based cryogels were produced by freeze-drying a suspension of CNF with PLA nanoparticles which, after being freeze-dried, were subjected to thermal treatment. The results showed that the chemical modification of PLA resulted in significant changes in the cell structures of the foams, in which an optimum concentration between reagents resulted in homogeneous cells in the order of 15 μm. The introduction of CNC was more significant at 10 wt%, which neat CNC at this concentration resulted in the smallest cell size and highest expansion ratio. As for the CNF cryogel, the introduction of 10 wt% PLA nanoparticles followed by heat treatment proved to be efficient in increasing the material hydrophobic character, without impacting the internal structure of the pores. In this way, the results obtained in this doctoral thesis can support further research into the development or improvement of foamed and/or porous materials based on polymers from renewable sources.
The expanded Turing test applied to algorithmic music composition
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-09-30) Gonçalves Junior, Clenio Batista; Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7077081155911183; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-5137; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-7827
The field of research in algorithmic music composition investigates the development of systems that have the ability to produce works automatically. In this context, gaps related to human-computer interaction via digital music are observed, with a demand for works that evaluate the material produced in relation to the listener. The present work describes the evaluation of an algorithmic music composition system through the application of the expanded Turing test. The experiment had the participation of 237 volunteers, subdivided into 3 groups: 10 professionals who work in the musical area, 39 participants with specialized musical knowledge and 188 participants with little or no musical knowledge. Excerpts from 3 compositions were used, one of them generated by the algorithmic composition system Fraseado and the other two classical compositions in the Western context. Among the results obtained, it was found that 77.1% of the participants identified the algorithmically generated excerpt as having been created by traditional composition methods, indicating the system's ability to exhibit a behavior equivalent to the human being.