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María no exílio argentino: a voz da anciã na Revista Maribel (1954-1963)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-03)
Feitosa, Bruna Rodrigues
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Alves-Bezerra, Wilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602719736498812
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-595X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9085221681999900
El objetivo de este trabajo de fin de máster es investigar la forma en que María Martínez Sierra o María de O'Lejárraga, cuya escritura fue supervisada por su marido Gregorio Marttínez Sierra en la España de principios del siglo XX, se reveló como escritora utilizando el Estereotipo de anciana en la revista femenina porteña Maribel en su vejez y exilio en Argentina, entre 1953 y 1964, desde la perspectiva de la teórica francesa Simone Beauvoir y sus consideraciones sobre la vejez, la mujer, la cultura y el trabajo en las obras La O segundo sexo: A experiência vivida (1949) y A velhice (1975). Entre los 18 textos de María publicados en el periódico, nos planteamos analizar en profundidad aquellos que abordaron la vejez como tema, titulados La muerte de la matriarca (1961), La abuela vuelve a sí (1960), Tute de ancianas (1960) y La última confidencia (1954), haciendo intersecciones con otros textos relevantes para las discusiones que se extendieron sobre el diálogo intergeneracional creado por la autora con las lectoras en Lo mago y la brujita (1960) y la tema de la muerte en la Meditación de Invierno (1958). Concluimos que María hizo de su vejez un lugar activo e intelectualmente productivo, y que además de utilizar la autoridad expresada por el estereotipo de la anciana para emprender sus textos en Maribel, actuando como asesora y experta, expresó confesiones sobre su vida personal en su ficción y sus convicciones sobre la condición de la mujer y especialmente de la mujer madura y anciana.
As diretrizes de formação de professores no Brasil: análise da implementação da BNC-Formação em cursos de Pedagogia em universidades de Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-04)
Dias, Amanda Regina Martins
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Lima, Paulo Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109357037661496
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-4934
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5890766759806729
This research aimed to analyze the implementation of the Common National Base for Initial Teacher Training for Basic Education (BNC-Formação) in Pedagogy courses at two universities located in Sorocaba/SP, one public and the other private, verifying their alignment with the new guidelines, according to the requirements of CNE/CP Resolution No. 2/2019, from 2019 to 2023. The chosen approach was qualitative, exploratory and documentary. The study used a review of specialized literature, documentary analysis of the Pedagogical Projects of the Pedagogy Courses (PPCs) of the universities analyzed, in addition to the application of semi-structured questionnaires to two coordinators and six teacher trainers, in order to obtain their perceptions about the process of implementing the guidelines. Data analysis was carried out based on Bardin's (2009) content analysis methodology. The results of the research revealed that, although efforts to adapt Pedagogy courses to the new BNC-Formação guidelines were made, significant divergences were found between the perceptions of coordinators and teacher trainers regarding the implementation of the guidelines. Among these divergences, the most notable are curricular standardization, seen as a limitation to teacher autonomy, and the lack of adequate training for the application of the new competencies and skills provided for by the BNCC. As advances, the research identified an increased emphasis on pedagogical practice and greater alignment with the demands of basic education. The initial thesis of this research, which pointed to insufficient dialogue in the formulation of Resolution No. 2/2019 by the representative teaching segments, making consonance impossible in the period proposed for its implementation, was confirmed by the results found. The analysis of the data revealed that the communication process between higher education institutions and basic education did not materialize effectively, resulting in inconsistencies in the implementation of the BNC-Formação guidelines. Both coordinators and teacher trainers pointed out difficulties in adapting to the new requirements, highlighting the lack of a deeper and more collaborative dialogue between universities and regulatory bodies. The research emphasizes the need for a more effective dialogue between training institutions and regulatory bodies, suggesting that teacher training should balance the integration of the skills provided for by the BNC-Formação with the appreciation of the pedagogical and critical autonomy of future educators.
Práticas educativas de ciências na EJA: uma pesquisa bibliográfica em teses e dissertações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-04)
Bianquini, Letícia
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Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-9079
;
Bozzini, Isabela Custódio Talora
School dropout in regular education is a problem in the Brazilian educational context. However, access to education is a right guaranteed to all citizens by the Federal Constitution. In this sense, Youth and Adult Education (EJA) is an opportunity for those who have not completed their studies in the conventional timeframe. Considering the diversity present in YAE classrooms, it is essential that educators adopt pedagogical practices that favor the learning process, valuing students' prior knowledge, lived realities and identities. To this end, 12 studies were selected from the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations that address educational practices in the teaching of science, biology, physics and chemistry in the EJA. The aim of this bibliographical research is to unveil the pedagogical practices applied to Youth and Adult Education in Science Teaching over the last two decades in Brazil. The works were analyzed using Content Analysis, as proposed by Bardin. This dissertation seeks to contribute to the YAE literature by demonstrating that, by applying Freirean principles, science teaching can be configured as a space for emancipation and critical development. Active listening and the reflective return of knowledge emerge as central elements in promoting student engagement and the meaningful construction of learning. It is hoped that this research will provide theoretical and practical support for strengthening a more inclusive and transformative science education in the EJA context.
Embriogênese somática em segmentos de tépalas de amarílis (Hippeastrum sp. Herb.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-04)
Broek, Ana Victória Conde van den
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2227147710764644
Brazil is an important exporter of propagative products such as bulbs and seedlings, with a highlight on the amaryllis or Hippeastrum. Hippeastrum hybridum, a bulbous plant belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family, is native to South America and found in tropical and subtropical regions. Its commercial use, as an ornamental plant, results from interspecific hybrids originating from six main species. The mass propagation of this species is done through the technique known as double scales. However, vegetative propagation methods favor the emergence and multiplication of endogenous microorganisms, especially phytopathogens such as Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Hippeastrum Mosaic Virus (HiMV), and Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV). Therefore, it is essential to seek methods that ensure virus-free plants, such as somatic embryogenesis (SE), which is an in vitro cultivation technique aimed at regenerating embryos originating from somatic cells and tissues, resulting in embryogenic calli and embryos. Thus, it is a way to enable faster and more efficient propagation strategies, ensuring the generation of technologies that could transform the amaryllis production market in the future. In this perspective, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a technology that enables studies on the mechanisms of somatic embryo formation, information on the compounds involved in this process, and the correlation of biochemical data with embryogenic processes. In this scenario, the main results of this work were the increased efficiency of SE induction, from 11% to 85.4% of tepal segments containing embryos or embryogenic calli. This increase in SE frequency was mainly due to the use of tepals from younger flower buds, cultivation under white LED or red-white LED lighting (R+W), and the presence of PVP 40 in the culture medium, which resulted in up to 13.57 embryos/ explant and fresh callus mass of 0.96 (g/explant). It was possible to observe the correlation of compounds such as quercetin in tepal segments cultivated in vitro with an increase in embryogenic callus mass. Another important point in improving SE frequency was subculturing the tepal segments 30 days after the initial inoculation in MS½ culture medium, which demonstrated increased reducing power and favored the biosynthesis of the antioxidant rutin in the tepals.
Study and quality evaluation of LLM’s generated unit test sets for C Programs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-04)
Macaia, Matheus
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Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-1672
;
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1539-6249
As technology becomes more integrated into our daily routines, reliable software becomes increasingly critical. However, the high cost of manual test generation often leads developers to neglect software quality concepts. In this context, the growing demand for automated test generation is a crucial response to the potential negative consequences of inadequate software testing. Problem: Various tools designed explicitly for automated program testing exist for different programming languages, including C. However, learning and properly configuring these tools is often not trivial, and users must install and set them up for use. Solution: This work leverages the rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) to evaluate their capability in generating unit tests for C programs, using code coverage and mutation score as metrics to assess the quality of the generated test sets. Method: This study selected 27 C programs from the literature. We grouped these programs into three non-overlapping categories, depending on how each one accepts inputs (Basic Input – inputs provided as program parameters; Driver Type 1 – each test case is a case option in a switch command and the inputs are hard-coded inside the case option; and Driver Type 2 – similar to Driver Type 1 but with the inputs encoded on external data files). For each program, we interactively asked the LLM to generate tests automatically. After generating the test sets, we collected metrics such as code coverage, mutation score, and test execution success rate to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of each set. We then used these metrics as new parameters to enhance the efficiency of the sets. Results: The test sets generated by LLMs demonstrate significant relevance by presenting substantial results, given the ease of use and low need for human intervention in adjusting the necessary configuration guidelines. On average, LLMs test sets reached 100% of code coverage and 98,7% of mutation score on testing programs with basic inputs. The worst results are in testing programs requiring a driver of Type 1, reaching 91,8% of code coverage and 95.2% of mutation score. Nevertheless, these results are very satisfactory, mainly due to the prompt simplicity and the effort required for test case generation.
Ancestralidade e trajetórias evolutivas de ninhos em três famílias de aves: Furnariidae, Troglodytidae e Icteridae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-07)
Leite, Abraão de Barros
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Francisco, Mercival Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4305313620456233
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7895946664428660
Bird nests play important roles in the evolutionary success of this organismal group. For this reason, understanding the origin, evolutionary trajectories and the environmental parameters correlated with nest diversification is important for the understanding of Avian evolution. In this thesis, subdivided into 3 chapters, the nest evolutionary aspects of 3 bird families with distribution mainly concentrated in the New World are addressed. The birds of the family Icteridae build many different nest types, in a variety of habitats, with some species also using old nests from other birds, and others are brood parasitic. In chapter 1, we examined the origin and evolutionary patterns of nest traits and habitat in the Icteridae. We also tested the hypothesis that the use of abandoned nests of other species (non-nest construction) is an intermediate step in the evolution of interspecific brood parasitism, and we addressed the hypothesis that the construction of complex nests is linked to small bodied species. The common ancestor of the Icteridae likely constructed cup-shaped nest, basally supported, and built of leaves/sticks in woodlands. We detected significant evolutionary correlations between nest traits, with nest attachment modes being more often correlated with habitat than nest type and material. We rejected the idea that brood parasitism evolved from non-nest construction, and nest complexity increased with body size, likely due to shifts in nest materials permitting the construction of more resistant nest walls. Birds of the family Trogloditydae build open nests within cavities and enclosed nests on the vegetation, with some a few representatives also constructing enclosed nests within cavities. In chapter 2, we considered open and enclosed as nest types and cavity and vegetation as nest sites. We found that the common ancestor of the Troglodytidae likely constructed enclosed nests within sheltered sites (cavity or crevice), but the radiation of the group was characterized by shifts to exposed nest sites (vegetation) with retention of enclosed nests or retention of sheltered sites with nest simplification (cup nests). Nest site and nest type evolved interdependently, with habitat being poorly correlated with nest evolution. Sheltered nest sites were associated with small body size, likely to avoid competition with other animals for these places. In chapter 3, we used the family Furnariidae to test the hypothesis of nests as key innovations, i.e. the emergence of new traits that can affect transitions to new ecological niches. We addressed the hypothesis of nest type transitions as key innovations for two important proxies of niche diversification, foraging strategy and habitat. We found strong evolutionary correlations between nest type and both foraging strategy and habitat, with model selection and ancestral state reconstructions evidencing nest type shifts preceding niche transitions, confirming the idea of nests as key innovations for the irradiation of this group. This is the first evidence for nest transitions promoting new foraging strategies. These results improved the understanding not only about the evolution of the studied avian families, but also elucidated questions of broad ornithological interest.
Educação Financeira: uma proposta de ensino com alunos do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-08)
Rodrigues, Murilo Augusto
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Pires, Rogério Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0257146933015714
This study evaluated the implementation of a sequence of activities on financial education. The aim was to investigate the importance of structured financial education within the High School curriculum, in accordance with Brazilian educational guidelines such as the Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LDB), the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), and the Paulista Curriculum. The research sought to analyze how financial education, integrated with practical experiences and active methodologies, contributes to the development of significant financial competencies for the students, preparing them to make informed and conscious financial decisions. The study was conducted at a State School of the Integral Education Program, located in São Miguel Arcanjo, São Paulo, with a class of 25 students, 17 of whom participated in the research. Based on the theories of Freire, Ausubel, Vygotsky, and Kolb, which advocate for education as a process of emancipation, critical reflection, and contextualization, the research integrated financial education into the curriculum as an elective subject. Active methodologies such as flipped classroom, gamification, and simulations were used to promote engaged and meaningful learning. These strategies allowed students to apply theoretical knowledge in practical situations, such as simulating a bank agency, resulting in increased engagement and understanding of financial concepts. Data collection occurred over 11 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, recorded through logbooks where students expressed their perceptions and interactions with the activities. Data analysis, through categorization, revealed recurring themes such as the importance of a personalized approach to financial education, adjusted to the socioeconomic profile of students. The research was divided into two stages: the first, exploratory, analyzed students' prior knowledge to identify their initial perceptions and starting points, ensuring that teaching was aligned with their realities. The second stage aimed to broaden students' horizons through awareness-raising education in the proposed activities, empowering them to use education as a means to achieve social advancement. The results indicated that the combination of active and reflective methodologies, coupled with a Freirean approach, promoted the development of financial competencies and critical thinking in students. Practical activities, such as field trips and financial simulations, were highly valued by the students. The integration of the school community in activities, such as simulating bank service, reinforced the practical importance of financial knowledge and contributed to meaningful learning. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that financial education should be considered an essential component of the school curriculum, playing a fundamental role in the comprehensive development of students. The inclusion of this content goes beyond technical training, contributing to the development of socio-emotional competencies and preparing young people to face financial challenges in an informed and responsible manner. The elective "The Building of Your Dream Starts Here!" proved to be effective in empowering students, providing them with tools to become agents of change in their communities and contribute to a fairer society.
Relato da minha experiência no curso de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-08)
Castilho, Gabriela Pereira Gil
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Roscani, Meliza Goi
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lattes.cnpq.br/1298051150234135
;
lattes.cnpq.br/7794669618962615
This Final Course Work (TCC) is part of the Pedagogical Project of the UFSCar Medical Course. It is a Critical-Reflective Narrative based on my experience reports as a student of this Undergraduate Course from 2019 to 2024, covering everything from the beginning of the course to the completion of the 3 cycles that make up the course curriculum, highlighting how each stage contributed to my academic, personal and professional development. The narrative also addresses the difficulties faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the active participation in extracurricular activities, such as athletics, and the enriching experiences in practical internships. In addition, I explore how the active problem-based teaching method influenced my development and overcoming common insecurities at the beginning of the journey.
Dinâmica da produção imobiliária em Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-08)
Cruz, Talita Anunciação
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Silva, Carlos Henrique Costa da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5444248390841543
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-7268
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8445374687650083
The primary objective of the research is to analyze real estate development in Sorocaba, focusing on the vertical residential segment and how it influences the city's urban space organization. The study covers the period from 2010 to 2023, extending to August 2024, and centers on the actions of key real estate market players, such as developers and construction companies. The investigation uses the theory of urban space production, emphasizing that space not only reflects social needs but is a product of capitalist production relations. In this context, urban land becomes a valued commodity, and housing becomes a financial asset, which shapes the city in an unequal way. The study demonstrates that the verticalization of the most valued areas, or those undergoing a valuation process, contributes to socio-spatial segregation, as higher-income classes occupy these areas while low-income populations are pushed to peripheral regions. Additionally, it is observed that urban infrastructure, such as transportation and public services, is directed toward areas undergoing valuation, reinforcing inequality in the distribution of resources. The results indicate that the real estate market in Sorocaba, specifically in the vertical segment, has been a significant driver of urban transformation, with profound impacts on the production and reproduction of urban space. In conclusion, the research reveals that real estate development in Sorocaba follows a capitalist logic of accumulation, organizing urban space in an unequal and exclusionary manner, with significant consequences for the city's socio-spatial structure.
Diagnóstico de anemia usando o smartphone
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-09)
Nascimento, Thiago Mazzu do
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Monti, José Fernando Casquel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1641654071358324
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-7926
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5320483364890016
INTRODUCTION: Anemia is a public health problem that affects approximately one third of the world's population. OBJECTIVES: Create a way to analyze hemoglobin levels using a smartphone by taking photos of the palpebral conjunctiva using an app, camera and smartphone flashlight, demonstrating the possibility of a non-invasive diagnosis of anemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 19 patients treated at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Carlos, at the UFSCar University Hospital, and at the Dr. Maricondi Medical Laboratory who underwent a blood count test were invited to participate in the research. We captured a photograph of each patient's palpebral conjunctiva using the RGB Color Detector application with the smartphone's rear camera with the “flash” activated. After obtaining the photo, we selected the central region of the palpebral conjunctiva and quantitatively measured the color intensity of the RGB components (red, green and blue). Then, with the intention of filtering the signal obtained, reducing light interference from the environment, we subtracted the green channel from the red channel, since the green channel has most of the reflections and lighter colored noise, and the red channel is the one we want to analyze, since hemoglobin is a red pigmented molecule. RESULTS: For each blood count there was a respective image, which we compared the measured color intensity with hemoglobin values, then we compared whether there is a proportional relationship between color intensity x hemoglobin value. We analyzed the three different channels (red, green and blue) and realized that comparing only the color intensity of the red channel and the respective hemoglobin value there was no directly proportional relationship, however, when we subtracted the green channel from the red channel, the relationship between the colorimetric signal and the hemoglobin value becomes directly proportional, demonstrating that the green channel possibly contains most of the noise, such as light reflections, which are clearer signals. After defining the Cut-off at 93 color intensity, we obtained sensitivity = 0.875, specificity = 1, accuracy = 0.947. CONCLUSION: Our method of non-invasive analysis of anemia using just a photograph of the palpebral conjunctiva and a smartphone application showed promise, and future steps will involve an analysis of a larger number of patients, other types of colorimetric analyzes to obtain a more accurate signal. pure, as well as the creation of a smartphone application capable of instantly providing the presence of anemia with a simple photo.
Diversidade genética de cucurbita spp. usando marcadores moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-09)
Onorato, Guilherme Dias
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Carneiro, Monalisa Sampaio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2696490871291334
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-7205
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1603044801994913
Pumpkin is a globally cultivated crop, valued for its high nutritional content, and is used both in human and animal feed, which has led to a growing demand over time. However, some species face challenges related to productivity and resistance, influenced by various factors such as inadequate management practices and pathogen pressure. In this context, the characterization of germplasm accessions is essential to identify more resistant and productive varieties. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability of a Cucurbita spp. population using microsatellite molecular markers and to evaluate genetic resistance to diseases through specific genetic markers associated with these pathogens. Genotypes of Cucurbita moschata, C. maxima, and C. pepo were used, obtained from the Cucurbita spp. Germplasm Bank at UFSCar, Araras Campus. The results showed the effectiveness of SSR markers, resulting in high diversity of polymorphic alleles and allowing genetic differentiation between the studied species. Additionally, the markers associated with disease resistance genes proved effective in the genetic characterization of the plants, emerging as a promising approach for the advancement of pumpkin genetic improvement.
Lazer noturno LGBTQIAPN+ em Araraquara e São Carlos: sociabilidades não hegemônicas no interior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-10)
Santos, Mateus Rodrigues dos
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Rodrigues, André Rocha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9374672526245774
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-1116
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
Research on LGBTQIAPN+ sociability may be common in metropolitan contexts, but dealing with municipalities such as Araraquara and São Carlos - SP, which are often seen as medium-sized cities and inland cities, is new, as it moves into a little-explored empirical context, draws attention to the diversities of Brazilian interiors and medium sized cities, problematizing these notions and stereotypes often directed at these regions. This work begins along these lines, presenting the relationship between the city, dissident sexualities and sociability in anthropology in an intertwined way, and goes on to include Araraquara and São Carlos as another urban dimension that can be reflected on, especially from the perspective and experiences of non-heterosexual cis. The bars, nightclubs and events ethnographed have their own attractive and structural characteristics that have an impact on the urban landscape of both cities by becoming points of reference for LGBTQIAPN+ residents. At the parties, the processes of sociability are marked by rapprochement, links, disputes and distancing, produced by other social markers besides gender and sexuality, seen as the starting point that brings them together, as well as by the intense performativity of the conduct and bodily presentations of those present. In addition, elements such as the musical environment and alcohol consumption also drive and complexify relationships. The result is the production of phenomena that sometimes generate differentiations and similarities between Araraquara and São Carlos, and sometimes between the two in relation to larger urban centers, demonstrating the potential of ethnography to recognize diversity and the way people manage themselves situationally, the influence of everyday life on identities and their flexible and changeable capacity.
Aspectos sociais e emocionais de mães de crianças com T21 no período de isolamento social e pós-pandêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-10)
Pavão, Michelle Roberta
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Cia, Fabiana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-3331
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3480348627451199
It is believed that the coronavirus pandemic contributed to changes in family functioning. Thus, the research aimed to: (a) describe the routine, needs, resources, social support, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms of family members and children with T21 during the social isolation period and the post-pandemic period based on qualitative data, according to the mothers' perspectives; (b) describe the behaviors of children with T21 during the social isolation period and the post-pandemic period based on qualitative data, according to the mothers' perspectives; (c) identify the needs, resources, and social support of families of children with T21 in the post-pandemic period based on quantitative data; and (d) analyze the relationships between variables in the post-pandemic period. The study included 20 mothers of children with T21 (from 4 to 10 years old). The instruments used were: a Family Questionnaire; the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ); the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ); the Home Environment Resources Scale (HERS); and a Semi-Structured Interview Guide for families. The instruments were administered by conducting interviews on the Google Meet platform. Qualitative data were analyzed according to categories established in the interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive methods (measures of central tendency and dispersion). The Spearman's correlation test was used to relate the families' needs, resources, and social support. The results showed that during social isolation, families had more flexible schedules for carrying out activities, expressed a need for information, and mothers felt overwhelmed by household and family demands. Regarding emotional aspects, family members exhibited symptoms of anxiety and depression. The children experienced developmental and learning setbacks, reduced sociability, and sleep disturbances. During the return to in-person activities, families had a calmer routine, demonstrated supportiveness, and the need for information decreased. There was also a lower frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms, and the children progressed in their learning. However, they became less independent and autonomous, showing emotional attachment to parents and relatives. Considering the quantitative data, participants expressed a need for more personal time, particularly regarding the following topics “I need more friends to talk to” and “I need more opportunities to meet and speak with the parents of other children with disabilities.” They demonstrated that they had a routine with fixed schedules for daily tasks and family life, identifying spouses, friends, and children as sources of social and emotional support. Regarding the correlational data, it was found that the older the mothers, the lower the financial needs of the families. Moreover, as the children grew older, there was less of a need to explain family functioning to others. In addition, the fact of more people living in the household was associated with reduced needs for social support. Conversely, a higher number of siblings was linked to greater resources in the family environment. Social support also showed a positive correlation with family environment resources. While the issue of T21 was acknowledged, the concerns expressed by participants often did not specifically pertain to their children's needs, but rather to the pandemic as a whole. The results for the post-pandemic period indicate family needs that could be addressed by public policies focused on ensuring care for children with T21 and offering support options for family members. Although families were able to reorganize themselves, it cannot be said that this process was easy. Moreover, the historical and scientific relevance of the study is highlighted.
Educação alimentar e nutricional na BNCC e no Currículo Paulista na área de ciências da natureza e o papel da autonomia docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Fernandes, Dione Eduardo da Silva
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Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777587527227374
Food and Nutrition Education is associated with the establishment of policies and guidelines that aim to promote healthy eating habits and ensure the food and nutritional security of the population. This field is seen by the official documents of the National Common Curricular Base and the São Paulo Curriculum as a cross-cutting theme, so that it can reflect on students' eating habits and choices in order to contribute to health promotion. The objective of this study was to identify whether and in what way the topic of nutrition is addressed in the curricular documents in the area of Elementary School Sciences (National Common Curricular Base and São Paulo Curriculum) and relate it to teacher autonomy. As a methodological option for data analysis, the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin and documentary research in the National Common Curriculum Base and the São Paulo Curriculum were used. The results demonstrated that the Specific Natural Sciences Competencies for Elementary School in the São Paulo Curriculum do not have an explicit periodicity for EAN, therefore, it is treated as a Cross-Cutting Contemporary Theme. It was also found that, just as in the National Common Curricular Base, the São Paulo Curriculum, the public policies for healthy eating proposed by the Framework for Food and Nutrition Education and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population are not current in their schedules for Food and Nutrition Education, just as not addressing ultra-processed foods makes no sense to highlight their possible health consequences in order to avoid them. It is considered that public policies are not in tune, since the proposals of the Framework for Food and Nutrition Education (2012) and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (2014) should have been considered by the documents that emerged temporally later, namely the National Common Curriculum Base (2018) and the São Paulo Curriculum (2019).
Dye contaminant removal: adsorption on thermoplastic starch/kraft lignin composites and photodegradation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Freitas, Amanda de Sousa Martinez de
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Rodrigues, Jéssica de Souza
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Amaro, Stefanny
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Ramos, Beatriz Maia
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Ferreira, Marystela
This study investigated the removal of contaminants in water by adsorption on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and kraft lignin (KL) composites. A study on the desorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in water was also carried out, followed by the photodegradation of solutions containing dissolved dyes. Initially, the surface morphology of the TPS and TPS-KL films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing advantageous characteristics for efficient adsorption of contaminants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis made it possible to characterize the TPS and TPS-KL composites. The results demonstrate the reversibility of the process and confirm the lack of permanent chemical modification in the polymer matrix, indicating that the adsorption/desorption process is physical rather than chemical. This suggests that the adsorbent material can be reused without losing its fundamental structural properties. Furthermore, the study allows for verification of the chemical changes on the surfaces of the materials involved. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) results show that for MO, both substrates exhibited low adsorption capacity, with efficiency values close to 20%. In contrast, for MB, both composite materials displayed excellent dye adsorption rates, achieving efficiencies of 78% or higher. The photodegradation of adsorbed dyes revealed promising results.
Influências do orçamento público na produção científica: um estudo sobre a ação orçamentária de fomento para pesquisa na rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Estevam, Célia Aparecida Almeida
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Silva, Márcia Regina da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1026
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141986821911463
The Federal Network for Professional, Scientific and Technological Education is considered a bold initiative in Brazilian educational policy, standing out for the creation and transformation of federal institutions into Federal Institutes that play a fundamental role in consolidating the teaching, research and extension tripod. This network is maintained with public funds from the federal government. In this context, the following hypotheses are formulated: a) the allocation of specific budget resources for research allows for the allocation of part of the discretionary federal budget to finance expenses related to scientific production; and b) there is potential growth in the scientific production of teachers at the Network's institutions, driven by the institution's financial support and favorable conditions for carrying out research. The main objective of this study is to investigate the budget management of the Research Promotion Action and its influence on academic production, considering the articles published by teachers. To this end, the aim is to map the allocation of financial resources by the Federal Network, evaluate the evolution of budget allocations over time and invent the articles published by permanent and active teachers, identifying authors, characteristics, citations and the network of co-authorships of researchers benefiting from researcher aid between 2018 and 2022. The research adopted a methodological strategy that integrated bibliographic and documentary methods with bibliometric analysis, organized into three distinct phases and using a method triangulation approach to provide a comprehensive view of the study. In the exploratory phase, qualitative methods were used to understand the phenomena studied and establish a solid theoretical basis, reviewing the literature on Science, Technology and Society, Public Choice Theory, Actor-Network Theory and Public Budgeting. The descriptive phase focused on collecting and analyzing budget data from the Federal Network, using the Integrated Planning and Budgeting System and the Transparency Portal to examine the amounts allocated and committed, with an emphasis on the Research Promotion Action. In the final phase, the empirical data was organized and analyzed to correlate the funding of research activities with scientific production, considering the articles published by teachers at the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, which was selected because it had the highest amounts allocated and committed to Action 6380/21B3. The data analyzed indicates that, despite progress, research in the Network still faces significant challenges, such as budget limitations and administrative decisions that impact the allocation of resources to finance expenses directly linked to research activities. The application of the Actor-Network Theory and the Public Choice Theory made it possible to understand that the effectiveness of funding policies is directly related to the interaction between managers, teachers and the resources available, which is essential for boosting the impact of these institutions on the scientific scene. Finally, the results obtained highlight the effectiveness of researcher support as an instrument for promoting research, suggesting that the strategic allocation of resources can boost research activities and consolidate the position of the Federal Institutes as important research and innovation hubs. It is believed that initiatives such as this research can contribute to the continuity of the dialog and bring about paradigm shifts in the Network's institutions, taking advantage of the legal flexibility of budget allocation, which is discretionary for each management, to promote investments in research activities.
A relação entre autoritarismo de direita e apoio acrítico a líderes de extrema-direita: o caso do bolsonarismo no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Sartori, João Eduardo Torrecillas
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-9778
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7305791890606748
The issue addressed in this thesis involved two suppositions. Initially, the supposition that dividing Bolsonaro's supporters into two groups—uncritical (bolsonaristas) and strategic—would enable a more sophisticated understanding of bolsonarism (an authoritarian right-wing mass movement led by Bolsonaro) and, moreover, of the differences between this movement and its "surroundings." Although categories such as anti-PT sentiment were identified as decisive factors for voting for Bolsonaro in 2018, they would not necessarily have contributed to the establishment, among some of his most fervent voters (known as bolsonaristas), of a "bolsonarista attitude"—characterized by the uncritical mode of support for him. Possibly, certain socially relevant categories (such as right-wing ideology, anti-PT sentiment, pro-coup tendencies, etc.) might have been significantly involved in the adoption of a strategic mode of support for Bolsonaro, but not in his idealization—and vice versa. Furthermore, the supposition that among the most relevant determinants of the establishment of the bolsonarista attitude was a certain complex of right-wing authoritarian inclinations previously consolidated within a significant sector of the Brazilian electorate. While no author had yet focused their study on identifying the determinants of the bolsonarista attitude, findings from various studies suggested the importance of investigating the relationship between those inclinations and the establishment of such an attitude. In this thesis, we argue that: (i) right-wing authoritarianism was widely established in the years leading up to Bolsonaro's election but was "inactive"; (ii) its average level in those years was similar to its counterpart in 2018; and (iii) between late 2018 and early 2019, the bolsonarista attitude tended to result from right-wing authoritarianism as strongly as it did from other categories, with this authoritarianism being an extremely important element in the Brazilian context—its recent activation enabling the rise of bolsonarism (which, at the start of this study, was still a newly emerged political phenomenon on the national stage). Initially, we examined microdata from the AmericasBarometer and developed a novel psychometric instrument to measure right-wing authoritarianism: the AD-BR instrument—adapted to the nuances of this authoritarianism in contemporary Brazilian society. We then analyzed and compared the levels of right-wing authoritarianism in Brazilian society during years prior to the establishment of bolsonarism on a national level and in 2019. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and the bolsonarista attitude between 2018 and 2019. To this end, we compared the average levels of right-wing authoritarianism in 2018/2019 among different types of Bolsonaro supporters and non-supporters, and then between bolsonaristas and non-bolsonaristas. Here, we used the variable "level of confidence in Bolsonaro" to create two additional novel variables (related to the notion of the bolsonarista attitude). Finally, we built statistical regression models and compared, within this timeframe, the extent to which the bolsonarista attitude could be explained by right-wing authoritarianism versus other socially relevant categories. More broadly, this thesis contributed to identifying the determinants of the uncritical mode of support for far-right leaders in an international context marked by their recent empowerment.
Assessment of treatable traits of functioning in hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Leonardi, Naiara Tais
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Cruz, Joana
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-4469
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
Hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD) often experience physical and functional impairments, limitations in daily activities, and negative impact on their quality of life and prognosis. Identifying the main treatable traits of functioning and their appropriate markers is essential for guiding individualized patient care. Objective: To develop a performance-based toolkit to assess the main treatable traits of functioning in hospitalized patients with ECOPD. Methods: This thesis is composed of four studies: STUDY 1: A systematic review that was conducted following the COSMIN guidelines to summarize and compare the measurement properties of performance-based outcome measures for functioning in hospitalized patients with ECOPD. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, and Cochrane were searched using terms related to functioning, hospitalized patients with ECOPD, and measurement properties. STUDY 2 (protocol): A survey-based observational study was developed to create a performance-based toolkit. The protocol included the following steps: 1) Defining treatable traits with input from physiotherapists who regularly care for hospitalized ECOPD patients and patients who have experienced at least one ECOPD requiring hospitalization; 2) Selecting the most appropriate markers for each treatable trait based on established criteria and findings from the systematic review. STUDY 3: A qualitative research was conducted using short, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with patients, analyzed using thematic analysis to explore patients’ perspectives on the impact of ECOPD on functioning during and post-hospitalization and the role of physical therapy (PT) in ECOPD management. STUDY 4: The survey-based observational study was developed and it was created the performance-based toolkit. Results: The systematic review included thirteen studies featuring nine outcome measures: 6-minute peg board ring test (6PBRT), 6-minute stepper test; 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 4-meter gait speed (4MGS), Berg balance scale (BBS), de Morton mobility index (DEMMI), handgrip strength (HGS), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Construct validity was rated as sufficient with very low quality of evidence. In the qualitative study, ten patients were enrolled, and four main themes were identified: 1) Hospitalization period – a) Perception of functioning (disability perception: balance problems and leg weakness), b) Perceptions of physical therapy (positive attitude: importance of physical therapy; types of interventions: respiratory, walking, and strength exercises; difficulties in performing physical therapy: breathlessness, fatigue and fear of falling; impact of physical therapy: physical and mental improvements); 2) Post-hospitalization – a) Perception of functioning (deterioration in body function: tiredness, breathlessness, weakness, worsened well-being; and changes in daily life), b) Lifestyle modification. Finally, 67 physiotherapists and 17 patients identified the main treatable traits, and the performance-based toolkit was developed with the respective recommended markers included: exercise tolerance (60-second sit-to-stand test [60secSTS] or 6MWT), changing basic position (60secSTS or 5-repetition sit-to-stand test), maintaining basic position (BBS or single-leg stance), and walking (6MWT or 4MGS). Additionally, depending on available resources, time, and space, may also be assessed: respiratory muscle function (MIP), muscle power function (5STS or HGS), and lifting and carrying objects, as well as hand and arm use (6PBRT or Glittre test). Conclusion: A performance-based toolkit was developed to assess relevant treatable traits of functioning in patients hospitalized with ECOPD, along with evidence-based markers for assessing them. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of this toolkit in this population and different hospital-based contexts.
Caracterização agronômica, físico-química e sensorial de linhagens de pimenta (Capsicum chinense)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-13)
Toledo, Hugo Freitas de
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Bernardi, Marta Regina Verruma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
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Sala, Fernando César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Consumed since before the arrival of Europeans on the American continent, peppers of the genus Capsicum hold great socioeconomic importance for Brazil, with 5 domesticated species. Among them, the most Brazilian of peppers, Capsicum chinense, characterized by its unique aroma and pungency, has been gaining increasing prominence with the deve-lopment of new cultivars, whether for resistance to pests and diseases, or to reach new market niches, such as the biquinho pepper, with very low pungency, enhanced aroma, and crispness. The current experiment aimed to characterize new Capsicum chinense pep-per lines and compare them with commercial cultivars (Maria Bonita, Biquinho, and Tui). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, followed by harvests and subsequent agronomic, physicochemical, and sensory evaluations of 10 Capsicum chinense lines from the UFSCar-BGUFSCar Genetic Improvement Program (F4 1902-2 pl1 alaranjado, F4 1902-2 4C creme, F4 1902-2 4C vermelho, F4 1907-2p pl2 creme, F4 1907-2p pl4 creme, F4 1907-3p pl2 alaranjado, F4 1907-3p pl3 alaranjado, F4 1907-4 pl2 alaranjado, F4 1907-6p pl1 vermelho, F4 1907-9p pl2 alaranjado), in addition to the 3 commercial cultivars used as controls. The peppers were evaluated for number of seeds per fruit (NSF), fruit length (CF), fruit diameter (DF), fruit length/fruit diameter ratio (CF/DF), pulp thickness (EP), number of locules (NL), total number of fruits per plant (NFT), average mass of total fruits (MMFT), total productivity (PTT), instrumental color (L*, a*, b*, hue, and C*), instrumental texture, titratable acidity (AT), soluble solids (SST), total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (SST/AT), and sensory analysis. Analysis of the evaluations revealed that F4 1907-4 pl2 alaranjado line stood out among the other lines in terms of agronomic and physicochemical aspects, with results similar to the Maria Bonita cultivar. In addition to this, the F4 1907-3p pl2 alaranjado line also showed promising results, and could be used for future improvements.
Como nasce um ouvinte competente: do Verbal Behavior aos possíveis controles do repertório de um bebê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-14)
Silva, Giulia Gomes da
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2117365218146418
This thesis presented two studies investigating the conditioning of competent listener behavior. The goal of the first study was to retrieve, from Verbal Behavior, indications that help describe how one becomes a listener and what history makes one a capable or competent listener. For this purpose, the 1972 digital edition of the book was selected, and searches were conducted for the terms "listener" and "behavior of the listener." From this, 817 excerpts were identified and organized into three categories of analysis: topography, sources of control, and conditioning of listener behavior. Finally, the excerpts corresponding to these categories were examined and discussed. The second study aimed to examine the changes in stimulus control involved in the acquisition of listener behavior, which enables the listener to mediate consequences for the speaker's responses in a verbal episode. The empirical research consisted of a longitudinal observational study. A mother-infant dyad participated in the study. The infant was 60 days old, and the mother was 30 years old at the beginning of the research. The setting was the dyad’s home, in environments such as the baby’s bedroom, the living room, and the playroom. The data treatment and analysis followed four main stages: i) familiarizing the observer with the records; ii) defining behavioral categories and parameters; iii) coding performances using the Datavyu® software; iv) analyzing the contingencies in mother-infant interactions. The results of both the theoretical and empirical studies revealed that it was not possible to define a single response form for listener behavior. To identify it, when functional relations were not yet established, the infant’s responses that mediated consequences for the speaker’s behavior were considered, even though the infant’s behavior was not necessarily under verbal stimulus control. The empirical research showed potential changes in the infant’s behavior control throughout the first year of life. The transition process highlighted the importance of gradual shifts in control over the course of development. The study evidenced that, initially, the infant was almost exclusively under the control of interactions with the mother, but as exposure to the environment increased, control came to be exerted by a variety of verbal and non-verbal stimuli, both from the mother and the physical environment. This gradual transition in control was fundamental to the development of competent listener behavior. The theoretical analysis indicated similarities in contingencies between conditioned speakers and listeners, while the empirical research data also suggested that, in conditioning, speaker behavior is constantly shaped through interaction with listener behavior. Finally, it is suggested that new empirical research be conducted to investigate the conditioning of listener behavior during the first year of life and to undertake a review discussing the points of contact between theoretical explanations and natural conditioning