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Diagnóstico de anemia usando o smartphone
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-09)
Nascimento, Thiago Mazzu do
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Monti, José Fernando Casquel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1641654071358324
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-7926
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5320483364890016
INTRODUCTION: Anemia is a public health problem that affects approximately one third of the world's population. OBJECTIVES: Create a way to analyze hemoglobin levels using a smartphone by taking photos of the palpebral conjunctiva using an app, camera and smartphone flashlight, demonstrating the possibility of a non-invasive diagnosis of anemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 19 patients treated at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Carlos, at the UFSCar University Hospital, and at the Dr. Maricondi Medical Laboratory who underwent a blood count test were invited to participate in the research. We captured a photograph of each patient's palpebral conjunctiva using the RGB Color Detector application with the smartphone's rear camera with the “flash” activated. After obtaining the photo, we selected the central region of the palpebral conjunctiva and quantitatively measured the color intensity of the RGB components (red, green and blue). Then, with the intention of filtering the signal obtained, reducing light interference from the environment, we subtracted the green channel from the red channel, since the green channel has most of the reflections and lighter colored noise, and the red channel is the one we want to analyze, since hemoglobin is a red pigmented molecule. RESULTS: For each blood count there was a respective image, which we compared the measured color intensity with hemoglobin values, then we compared whether there is a proportional relationship between color intensity x hemoglobin value. We analyzed the three different channels (red, green and blue) and realized that comparing only the color intensity of the red channel and the respective hemoglobin value there was no directly proportional relationship, however, when we subtracted the green channel from the red channel, the relationship between the colorimetric signal and the hemoglobin value becomes directly proportional, demonstrating that the green channel possibly contains most of the noise, such as light reflections, which are clearer signals. After defining the Cut-off at 93 color intensity, we obtained sensitivity = 0.875, specificity = 1, accuracy = 0.947. CONCLUSION: Our method of non-invasive analysis of anemia using just a photograph of the palpebral conjunctiva and a smartphone application showed promise, and future steps will involve an analysis of a larger number of patients, other types of colorimetric analyzes to obtain a more accurate signal. pure, as well as the creation of a smartphone application capable of instantly providing the presence of anemia with a simple photo.
Diversidade genética de cucurbita spp. usando marcadores moleculares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-09)
Onorato, Guilherme Dias
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Carneiro, Monalisa Sampaio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2696490871291334
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-7205
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1603044801994913
Pumpkin is a globally cultivated crop, valued for its high nutritional content, and is used both in human and animal feed, which has led to a growing demand over time. However, some species face challenges related to productivity and resistance, influenced by various factors such as inadequate management practices and pathogen pressure. In this context, the characterization of germplasm accessions is essential to identify more resistant and productive varieties. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability of a Cucurbita spp. population using microsatellite molecular markers and to evaluate genetic resistance to diseases through specific genetic markers associated with these pathogens. Genotypes of Cucurbita moschata, C. maxima, and C. pepo were used, obtained from the Cucurbita spp. Germplasm Bank at UFSCar, Araras Campus. The results showed the effectiveness of SSR markers, resulting in high diversity of polymorphic alleles and allowing genetic differentiation between the studied species. Additionally, the markers associated with disease resistance genes proved effective in the genetic characterization of the plants, emerging as a promising approach for the advancement of pumpkin genetic improvement.
Lazer noturno LGBTQIAPN+ em Araraquara e São Carlos: sociabilidades não hegemônicas no interior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-10)
Santos, Mateus Rodrigues dos
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Rodrigues, André Rocha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9374672526245774
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-1116
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Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
Research on LGBTQIAPN+ sociability may be common in metropolitan contexts, but dealing with municipalities such as Araraquara and São Carlos - SP, which are often seen as medium-sized cities and inland cities, is new, as it moves into a little-explored empirical context, draws attention to the diversities of Brazilian interiors and medium sized cities, problematizing these notions and stereotypes often directed at these regions. This work begins along these lines, presenting the relationship between the city, dissident sexualities and sociability in anthropology in an intertwined way, and goes on to include Araraquara and São Carlos as another urban dimension that can be reflected on, especially from the perspective and experiences of non-heterosexual cis. The bars, nightclubs and events ethnographed have their own attractive and structural characteristics that have an impact on the urban landscape of both cities by becoming points of reference for LGBTQIAPN+ residents. At the parties, the processes of sociability are marked by rapprochement, links, disputes and distancing, produced by other social markers besides gender and sexuality, seen as the starting point that brings them together, as well as by the intense performativity of the conduct and bodily presentations of those present. In addition, elements such as the musical environment and alcohol consumption also drive and complexify relationships. The result is the production of phenomena that sometimes generate differentiations and similarities between Araraquara and São Carlos, and sometimes between the two in relation to larger urban centers, demonstrating the potential of ethnography to recognize diversity and the way people manage themselves situationally, the influence of everyday life on identities and their flexible and changeable capacity.
Aspectos sociais e emocionais de mães de crianças com T21 no período de isolamento social e pós-pandêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-10)
Pavão, Michelle Roberta
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Cia, Fabiana
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-3331
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3480348627451199
It is believed that the coronavirus pandemic contributed to changes in family functioning. Thus, the research aimed to: (a) describe the routine, needs, resources, social support, as well as anxiety and depression symptoms of family members and children with T21 during the social isolation period and the post-pandemic period based on qualitative data, according to the mothers' perspectives; (b) describe the behaviors of children with T21 during the social isolation period and the post-pandemic period based on qualitative data, according to the mothers' perspectives; (c) identify the needs, resources, and social support of families of children with T21 in the post-pandemic period based on quantitative data; and (d) analyze the relationships between variables in the post-pandemic period. The study included 20 mothers of children with T21 (from 4 to 10 years old). The instruments used were: a Family Questionnaire; the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ); the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ); the Home Environment Resources Scale (HERS); and a Semi-Structured Interview Guide for families. The instruments were administered by conducting interviews on the Google Meet platform. Qualitative data were analyzed according to categories established in the interview guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive methods (measures of central tendency and dispersion). The Spearman's correlation test was used to relate the families' needs, resources, and social support. The results showed that during social isolation, families had more flexible schedules for carrying out activities, expressed a need for information, and mothers felt overwhelmed by household and family demands. Regarding emotional aspects, family members exhibited symptoms of anxiety and depression. The children experienced developmental and learning setbacks, reduced sociability, and sleep disturbances. During the return to in-person activities, families had a calmer routine, demonstrated supportiveness, and the need for information decreased. There was also a lower frequency of anxiety and depression symptoms, and the children progressed in their learning. However, they became less independent and autonomous, showing emotional attachment to parents and relatives. Considering the quantitative data, participants expressed a need for more personal time, particularly regarding the following topics “I need more friends to talk to” and “I need more opportunities to meet and speak with the parents of other children with disabilities.” They demonstrated that they had a routine with fixed schedules for daily tasks and family life, identifying spouses, friends, and children as sources of social and emotional support. Regarding the correlational data, it was found that the older the mothers, the lower the financial needs of the families. Moreover, as the children grew older, there was less of a need to explain family functioning to others. In addition, the fact of more people living in the household was associated with reduced needs for social support. Conversely, a higher number of siblings was linked to greater resources in the family environment. Social support also showed a positive correlation with family environment resources. While the issue of T21 was acknowledged, the concerns expressed by participants often did not specifically pertain to their children's needs, but rather to the pandemic as a whole. The results for the post-pandemic period indicate family needs that could be addressed by public policies focused on ensuring care for children with T21 and offering support options for family members. Although families were able to reorganize themselves, it cannot be said that this process was easy. Moreover, the historical and scientific relevance of the study is highlighted.
Educação alimentar e nutricional na BNCC e no Currículo Paulista na área de ciências da natureza e o papel da autonomia docente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Fernandes, Dione Eduardo da Silva
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Calzolari Neto, Anselmo João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4906309581958797
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2777587527227374
Food and Nutrition Education is associated with the establishment of policies and guidelines that aim to promote healthy eating habits and ensure the food and nutritional security of the population. This field is seen by the official documents of the National Common Curricular Base and the São Paulo Curriculum as a cross-cutting theme, so that it can reflect on students' eating habits and choices in order to contribute to health promotion. The objective of this study was to identify whether and in what way the topic of nutrition is addressed in the curricular documents in the area of Elementary School Sciences (National Common Curricular Base and São Paulo Curriculum) and relate it to teacher autonomy. As a methodological option for data analysis, the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin and documentary research in the National Common Curriculum Base and the São Paulo Curriculum were used. The results demonstrated that the Specific Natural Sciences Competencies for Elementary School in the São Paulo Curriculum do not have an explicit periodicity for EAN, therefore, it is treated as a Cross-Cutting Contemporary Theme. It was also found that, just as in the National Common Curricular Base, the São Paulo Curriculum, the public policies for healthy eating proposed by the Framework for Food and Nutrition Education and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population are not current in their schedules for Food and Nutrition Education, just as not addressing ultra-processed foods makes no sense to highlight their possible health consequences in order to avoid them. It is considered that public policies are not in tune, since the proposals of the Framework for Food and Nutrition Education (2012) and the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (2014) should have been considered by the documents that emerged temporally later, namely the National Common Curriculum Base (2018) and the São Paulo Curriculum (2019).
Dye contaminant removal: adsorption on thermoplastic starch/kraft lignin composites and photodegradation
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Freitas, Amanda de Sousa Martinez de
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Rodrigues, Jéssica de Souza
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Amaro, Stefanny
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Ramos, Beatriz Maia
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Ferreira, Marystela
This study investigated the removal of contaminants in water by adsorption on thermoplastic starch (TPS) and kraft lignin (KL) composites. A study on the desorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes in water was also carried out, followed by the photodegradation of solutions containing dissolved dyes. Initially, the surface morphology of the TPS and TPS-KL films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, revealing advantageous characteristics for efficient adsorption of contaminants. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis made it possible to characterize the TPS and TPS-KL composites. The results demonstrate the reversibility of the process and confirm the lack of permanent chemical modification in the polymer matrix, indicating that the adsorption/desorption process is physical rather than chemical. This suggests that the adsorbent material can be reused without losing its fundamental structural properties. Furthermore, the study allows for verification of the chemical changes on the surfaces of the materials involved. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) results show that for MO, both substrates exhibited low adsorption capacity, with efficiency values close to 20%. In contrast, for MB, both composite materials displayed excellent dye adsorption rates, achieving efficiencies of 78% or higher. The photodegradation of adsorbed dyes revealed promising results.
Influências do orçamento público na produção científica: um estudo sobre a ação orçamentária de fomento para pesquisa na rede federal de educação profissional, científica e tecnológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Estevam, Célia Aparecida Almeida
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Silva, Márcia Regina da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5381461208053330
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141986821911463
The Federal Network for Professional, Scientific and Technological Education is considered a bold initiative in Brazilian educational policy, standing out for the creation and transformation of federal institutions into Federal Institutes that play a fundamental role in consolidating the teaching, research and extension tripod. This network is maintained with public funds from the federal government. In this context, the following hypotheses are formulated: a) the allocation of specific budget resources for research allows for the allocation of part of the discretionary federal budget to finance expenses related to scientific production; and b) there is potential growth in the scientific production of teachers at the Network's institutions, driven by the institution's financial support and favorable conditions for carrying out research. The main objective of this study is to investigate the budget management of the Research Promotion Action and its influence on academic production, considering the articles published by teachers. To this end, the aim is to map the allocation of financial resources by the Federal Network, evaluate the evolution of budget allocations over time and invent the articles published by permanent and active teachers, identifying authors, characteristics, citations and the network of co-authorships of researchers benefiting from researcher aid between 2018 and 2022. The research adopted a methodological strategy that integrated bibliographic and documentary methods with bibliometric analysis, organized into three distinct phases and using a method triangulation approach to provide a comprehensive view of the study. In the exploratory phase, qualitative methods were used to understand the phenomena studied and establish a solid theoretical basis, reviewing the literature on Science, Technology and Society, Public Choice Theory, Actor-Network Theory and Public Budgeting. The descriptive phase focused on collecting and analyzing budget data from the Federal Network, using the Integrated Planning and Budgeting System and the Transparency Portal to examine the amounts allocated and committed, with an emphasis on the Research Promotion Action. In the final phase, the empirical data was organized and analyzed to correlate the funding of research activities with scientific production, considering the articles published by teachers at the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais, which was selected because it had the highest amounts allocated and committed to Action 6380/21B3. The data analyzed indicates that, despite progress, research in the Network still faces significant challenges, such as budget limitations and administrative decisions that impact the allocation of resources to finance expenses directly linked to research activities. The application of the Actor-Network Theory and the Public Choice Theory made it possible to understand that the effectiveness of funding policies is directly related to the interaction between managers, teachers and the resources available, which is essential for boosting the impact of these institutions on the scientific scene. Finally, the results obtained highlight the effectiveness of researcher support as an instrument for promoting research, suggesting that the strategic allocation of resources can boost research activities and consolidate the position of the Federal Institutes as important research and innovation hubs. It is believed that initiatives such as this research can contribute to the continuity of the dialog and bring about paradigm shifts in the Network's institutions, taking advantage of the legal flexibility of budget allocation, which is discretionary for each management, to promote investments in research activities.
A relação entre autoritarismo de direita e apoio acrítico a líderes de extrema-direita: o caso do bolsonarismo no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Sartori, João Eduardo Torrecillas
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-9778
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7305791890606748
The issue addressed in this thesis involved two suppositions. Initially, the supposition that dividing Bolsonaro's supporters into two groups—uncritical (bolsonaristas) and strategic—would enable a more sophisticated understanding of bolsonarism (an authoritarian right-wing mass movement led by Bolsonaro) and, moreover, of the differences between this movement and its "surroundings." Although categories such as anti-PT sentiment were identified as decisive factors for voting for Bolsonaro in 2018, they would not necessarily have contributed to the establishment, among some of his most fervent voters (known as bolsonaristas), of a "bolsonarista attitude"—characterized by the uncritical mode of support for him. Possibly, certain socially relevant categories (such as right-wing ideology, anti-PT sentiment, pro-coup tendencies, etc.) might have been significantly involved in the adoption of a strategic mode of support for Bolsonaro, but not in his idealization—and vice versa. Furthermore, the supposition that among the most relevant determinants of the establishment of the bolsonarista attitude was a certain complex of right-wing authoritarian inclinations previously consolidated within a significant sector of the Brazilian electorate. While no author had yet focused their study on identifying the determinants of the bolsonarista attitude, findings from various studies suggested the importance of investigating the relationship between those inclinations and the establishment of such an attitude. In this thesis, we argue that: (i) right-wing authoritarianism was widely established in the years leading up to Bolsonaro's election but was "inactive"; (ii) its average level in those years was similar to its counterpart in 2018; and (iii) between late 2018 and early 2019, the bolsonarista attitude tended to result from right-wing authoritarianism as strongly as it did from other categories, with this authoritarianism being an extremely important element in the Brazilian context—its recent activation enabling the rise of bolsonarism (which, at the start of this study, was still a newly emerged political phenomenon on the national stage). Initially, we examined microdata from the AmericasBarometer and developed a novel psychometric instrument to measure right-wing authoritarianism: the AD-BR instrument—adapted to the nuances of this authoritarianism in contemporary Brazilian society. We then analyzed and compared the levels of right-wing authoritarianism in Brazilian society during years prior to the establishment of bolsonarism on a national level and in 2019. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and the bolsonarista attitude between 2018 and 2019. To this end, we compared the average levels of right-wing authoritarianism in 2018/2019 among different types of Bolsonaro supporters and non-supporters, and then between bolsonaristas and non-bolsonaristas. Here, we used the variable "level of confidence in Bolsonaro" to create two additional novel variables (related to the notion of the bolsonarista attitude). Finally, we built statistical regression models and compared, within this timeframe, the extent to which the bolsonarista attitude could be explained by right-wing authoritarianism versus other socially relevant categories. More broadly, this thesis contributed to identifying the determinants of the uncritical mode of support for far-right leaders in an international context marked by their recent empowerment.
Assessment of treatable traits of functioning in hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-11)
Leonardi, Naiara Tais
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Cruz, Joana
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-4469
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
Hospitalized patients with exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD) often experience physical and functional impairments, limitations in daily activities, and negative impact on their quality of life and prognosis. Identifying the main treatable traits of functioning and their appropriate markers is essential for guiding individualized patient care. Objective: To develop a performance-based toolkit to assess the main treatable traits of functioning in hospitalized patients with ECOPD. Methods: This thesis is composed of four studies: STUDY 1: A systematic review that was conducted following the COSMIN guidelines to summarize and compare the measurement properties of performance-based outcome measures for functioning in hospitalized patients with ECOPD. Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, and Cochrane were searched using terms related to functioning, hospitalized patients with ECOPD, and measurement properties. STUDY 2 (protocol): A survey-based observational study was developed to create a performance-based toolkit. The protocol included the following steps: 1) Defining treatable traits with input from physiotherapists who regularly care for hospitalized ECOPD patients and patients who have experienced at least one ECOPD requiring hospitalization; 2) Selecting the most appropriate markers for each treatable trait based on established criteria and findings from the systematic review. STUDY 3: A qualitative research was conducted using short, semi-structured face-to-face interviews with patients, analyzed using thematic analysis to explore patients’ perspectives on the impact of ECOPD on functioning during and post-hospitalization and the role of physical therapy (PT) in ECOPD management. STUDY 4: The survey-based observational study was developed and it was created the performance-based toolkit. Results: The systematic review included thirteen studies featuring nine outcome measures: 6-minute peg board ring test (6PBRT), 6-minute stepper test; 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 4-meter gait speed (4MGS), Berg balance scale (BBS), de Morton mobility index (DEMMI), handgrip strength (HGS), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP). Construct validity was rated as sufficient with very low quality of evidence. In the qualitative study, ten patients were enrolled, and four main themes were identified: 1) Hospitalization period – a) Perception of functioning (disability perception: balance problems and leg weakness), b) Perceptions of physical therapy (positive attitude: importance of physical therapy; types of interventions: respiratory, walking, and strength exercises; difficulties in performing physical therapy: breathlessness, fatigue and fear of falling; impact of physical therapy: physical and mental improvements); 2) Post-hospitalization – a) Perception of functioning (deterioration in body function: tiredness, breathlessness, weakness, worsened well-being; and changes in daily life), b) Lifestyle modification. Finally, 67 physiotherapists and 17 patients identified the main treatable traits, and the performance-based toolkit was developed with the respective recommended markers included: exercise tolerance (60-second sit-to-stand test [60secSTS] or 6MWT), changing basic position (60secSTS or 5-repetition sit-to-stand test), maintaining basic position (BBS or single-leg stance), and walking (6MWT or 4MGS). Additionally, depending on available resources, time, and space, may also be assessed: respiratory muscle function (MIP), muscle power function (5STS or HGS), and lifting and carrying objects, as well as hand and arm use (6PBRT or Glittre test). Conclusion: A performance-based toolkit was developed to assess relevant treatable traits of functioning in patients hospitalized with ECOPD, along with evidence-based markers for assessing them. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of this toolkit in this population and different hospital-based contexts.
Caracterização agronômica, físico-química e sensorial de linhagens de pimenta (Capsicum chinense)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-13)
Toledo, Hugo Freitas de
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Bernardi, Marta Regina Verruma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
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Sala, Fernando César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Consumed since before the arrival of Europeans on the American continent, peppers of the genus Capsicum hold great socioeconomic importance for Brazil, with 5 domesticated species. Among them, the most Brazilian of peppers, Capsicum chinense, characterized by its unique aroma and pungency, has been gaining increasing prominence with the deve-lopment of new cultivars, whether for resistance to pests and diseases, or to reach new market niches, such as the biquinho pepper, with very low pungency, enhanced aroma, and crispness. The current experiment aimed to characterize new Capsicum chinense pep-per lines and compare them with commercial cultivars (Maria Bonita, Biquinho, and Tui). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, followed by harvests and subsequent agronomic, physicochemical, and sensory evaluations of 10 Capsicum chinense lines from the UFSCar-BGUFSCar Genetic Improvement Program (F4 1902-2 pl1 alaranjado, F4 1902-2 4C creme, F4 1902-2 4C vermelho, F4 1907-2p pl2 creme, F4 1907-2p pl4 creme, F4 1907-3p pl2 alaranjado, F4 1907-3p pl3 alaranjado, F4 1907-4 pl2 alaranjado, F4 1907-6p pl1 vermelho, F4 1907-9p pl2 alaranjado), in addition to the 3 commercial cultivars used as controls. The peppers were evaluated for number of seeds per fruit (NSF), fruit length (CF), fruit diameter (DF), fruit length/fruit diameter ratio (CF/DF), pulp thickness (EP), number of locules (NL), total number of fruits per plant (NFT), average mass of total fruits (MMFT), total productivity (PTT), instrumental color (L*, a*, b*, hue, and C*), instrumental texture, titratable acidity (AT), soluble solids (SST), total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (SST/AT), and sensory analysis. Analysis of the evaluations revealed that F4 1907-4 pl2 alaranjado line stood out among the other lines in terms of agronomic and physicochemical aspects, with results similar to the Maria Bonita cultivar. In addition to this, the F4 1907-3p pl2 alaranjado line also showed promising results, and could be used for future improvements.
Como nasce um ouvinte competente: do Verbal Behavior aos possíveis controles do repertório de um bebê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-14)
Silva, Giulia Gomes da
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-3232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2117365218146418
This thesis presented two studies investigating the conditioning of competent listener behavior. The goal of the first study was to retrieve, from Verbal Behavior, indications that help describe how one becomes a listener and what history makes one a capable or competent listener. For this purpose, the 1972 digital edition of the book was selected, and searches were conducted for the terms "listener" and "behavior of the listener." From this, 817 excerpts were identified and organized into three categories of analysis: topography, sources of control, and conditioning of listener behavior. Finally, the excerpts corresponding to these categories were examined and discussed. The second study aimed to examine the changes in stimulus control involved in the acquisition of listener behavior, which enables the listener to mediate consequences for the speaker's responses in a verbal episode. The empirical research consisted of a longitudinal observational study. A mother-infant dyad participated in the study. The infant was 60 days old, and the mother was 30 years old at the beginning of the research. The setting was the dyad’s home, in environments such as the baby’s bedroom, the living room, and the playroom. The data treatment and analysis followed four main stages: i) familiarizing the observer with the records; ii) defining behavioral categories and parameters; iii) coding performances using the Datavyu® software; iv) analyzing the contingencies in mother-infant interactions. The results of both the theoretical and empirical studies revealed that it was not possible to define a single response form for listener behavior. To identify it, when functional relations were not yet established, the infant’s responses that mediated consequences for the speaker’s behavior were considered, even though the infant’s behavior was not necessarily under verbal stimulus control. The empirical research showed potential changes in the infant’s behavior control throughout the first year of life. The transition process highlighted the importance of gradual shifts in control over the course of development. The study evidenced that, initially, the infant was almost exclusively under the control of interactions with the mother, but as exposure to the environment increased, control came to be exerted by a variety of verbal and non-verbal stimuli, both from the mother and the physical environment. This gradual transition in control was fundamental to the development of competent listener behavior. The theoretical analysis indicated similarities in contingencies between conditioned speakers and listeners, while the empirical research data also suggested that, in conditioning, speaker behavior is constantly shaped through interaction with listener behavior. Finally, it is suggested that new empirical research be conducted to investigate the conditioning of listener behavior during the first year of life and to undertake a review discussing the points of contact between theoretical explanations and natural conditioning
Análise teórica de uma memória atômica fundamental considerando um átomo de três níveis em uma cavidade óptica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-14)
Silva, Julia Elisa Barbosa da
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-8332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4162604323811168
Quantum optics is a branch of physics that applies quantum theory to phenomena involving light and its interaction with matter. One of the key advances in this field is the use of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (CQED), which describes how radiation interacts with matter inside an electromagnetic resonator, or optical cavity. A notable phenomenon within CQED is Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), which allows inducing transparency in an opaque medium through the application of electromagnetic fields. EIT has led to several promising applications, such as quantum memory, which is a technological device used for storing and retrieving quantum information, fundamental for quantum communication and computing. In this work we present a theoretical study to analyze the implementation of a quantum memory based on the EIT phenomenon combined with cavity quantum electrodynamics (CEIT– Cavity EIT). For this purpose, we consider a system composed of a single three-level atom in Λ configuration coupled to a single mode of the quantum field of an optical cavity. The eigenstates of the system were calculated analytically through the diagonalization of the interaction Hamiltonian according to the Jaynes-Cummings model, and the dynamics of the system were solved numerically through the master equation formalism. The results show that the superposition of quantum states is essential for the observation of the memory process in the CEIT system. Furthermore, we analyzed the role of the atom-field coupling on the performance of the implemented quantum memory, showing that efficiency of the information storage process can be optimize by increasing the value of this parameter.
Adaptação transcultural das avaliações “SOSI-M Structured Observation Sensory Integration - Motor” e “COP-R Comprehensive Observations of Proprioception - revised” e estudo do desempenho populacional preliminar de crianças e adolescente brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-14)
Ovando, Laura Maria Koopman
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Pfeifer, Luzia Iara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9065968448027440
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4869301007883560
Introduction: Assessment plays a fundamental role in the development of therapeutic planning and intervention strategies. However, there is a paucity of validated instruments for identifying sensory processing disorders within the Brazilian population. The SOSI-M (Structured Observation of Sensory Integration – Motor) and the COP-R (Comprehensive Observations of Proprioception – Revised) are standardized tools that quantitatively assess motor components related to sensory processing, offering a rapid and cost-effective application method grounded in Ayres’ clinical observations. These instruments evaluate, through direct observation of performance, proprioceptive and vestibular processing, motor planning, and postural control abilities in children aged 5 to 14 years. The SOSI-M provides psychometric data for sensory processing analysis and is administered in conjunction with the COP-R. Since these instruments were originally developed in a different cultural context, their application in Brazil necessitates a rigorous cross-cultural adaptation process. Objective: To conduct the cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary investigation of the reliability and performance of Brazilian children in the SOSI-M and COP-R assessments. Methodology: This study employs a methodological, cross-sectional, and quantitative research design, structured in three distinct stages: Stage 1 – Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Stage 2 – Pre-test and Preliminary Population Study, and Stage 3 – Validation Evidence Study. The cross-cultural adaptation (Stage 1) followed a five-step process: translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review, and pre-testing. Stage 2 involved a pre-test and a preliminary assessment of the performance of a sample of Brazilian children, encompassing all five regions of the country to ensure a representative inclusion of diverse cultural and social contexts. In Stage 3, a psychometric investigation was conducted to establish validity evidence, with reliability analyzed through stability (test-retest), inter-rater equivalence, and internal consistency via Cronbach’s alpha. Results and Discussion: The cross-cultural adaptation process demonstrated methodological robustness, with all 475 items achieving an approval rate exceeding 80%, as well as endorsement from the original instrument developers. The pre-test results revealed sociocultural variations, underscoring the necessity of broader nationwide testing. Reliability analysis of the SOSI-M yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73, closely aligning with the original instrument (0.76). Inter-rater reliability indicated an excellent level of agreement (ICC = 0.996; 95% CI = 0.995–0.998, F(57, 1083) = 293.958, p < 0.001), while test-retest reliability also demonstrated high concordance (ICC = 0.992; 95% CI = 0.989–0.995, F(56, 1064) = 132.257, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of further large-scale validation studies to substantiate potential sociocultural influences and enhance the robustness of validity evidence.
Simultaneous electrochemical detection of paraquat and carbofuran using a biodegradable flexible electrode, enhanced with carbon nitride dots and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) via layer-by-layer technique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-14)
Freitas, Amanda de Sousa Martinez de
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Fré, Lucas Victor Benjamim Vasconcelos
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Rodrigues, Jéssica de Souza
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Amaro, Stefanny
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Barros, Anerise de
The developing of sensor devices for portable and selective detection remains an emergent technology needed for monitoring water contamination. In this work, we developed a flexible and biodegradable sensor based on the polymer poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) mixed with graphite (g), creating (g-PBAT) for the simultaneous detection of paraquat (PQ) and carbofuran (CBF) pesticides. The g-PBAT was used as an electrode support and was modified with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and carbon nitride dotes by Layer-by-Layer technique. The sensor’s performance was evaluated through electrochemical methods using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The results demonstrated good reproducibility and repeatability with RSD of 14% and 8.8%, respectively. The stability in terms of current signal peak increased by only 8.5% compared to the initial cycle. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) were 0.63 μM and 2.10 μM for PQ, respectively, with a sensitivity of 3.69E-5 ± 5.94E-7 A cm−2 M−1, while the CBF had a LoD and LoQ of 7.14 μM and 23.8 μM, respectively, with a sensitivity of 2.51E-7 ± 2.09E-8 A cm−2 M−1. Additionally, the recovery methodology for the real sample showed ranges from 89.3% to 105.0% for PQ, and 92.1% to 105.9% for CBF, indicating that the sensor exhibits good sensitivity and stable RSD, ranging from 4% to 7.5%.
Aproximação polinomial da potência de regime do motor de combustão interna emulado por motores de indução trifásicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-15)
Wang, Jen Wuu
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Gonçalves, Amilcar Flamarion Querubini
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Silva, Lucas Jonys
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Neves, Rodolpho
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Machado, Ricardo Quadros
O aumento da eficiência dos veículos híbridos elétricos (VEHs) é essencial para o avanço do transporte sustentável. Este estudo foca na modelagem do fornecimento de potência de um sistema de combustão em um protótipo em escala reduzida que emula a interação entre um motor a combustão interna (MCI) e um gerador elétrico de um VEH, utilizando a tecnologia Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL). A abordagem adotada permite emular o sistema de geração de energia em regime permanente, com base na rotação e na diferença de torque entre as máquinas, influenciada pelo movimento angular da válvula borboleta. Neste contexto, foi desenvolvido e validado um modelo polinomial utilizando o Curve Fitting Toolbox do Matlab®, que captura com precisão as relações entre potência, velocidade e abertura da válvula. A equação polinomial proposta pode ser aplicada em estratégias de distribuição de energia do MCI, reduzindo o gasto computacional e aumentando a eficiência operacional. Os resultados quantitativos indicam que a aproximação polinomial é adequada para testes práticos do protótipo, abrindo novas oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de soluções energéticas mais eficazes e sustentáveis.
Análise do trabalho padronizado sobre a ótica da ergonomia: um estudo de caso em uma indústria de componentes para refrigeração.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-15)
Balsadi, Daniela
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Moura, Daniel Braatz Antunes de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5287608431146025
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3869901428218670
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Souza, Renato Luvizoto Rodrigues de
With the development of advanced technologies and increasingly competitive and streamlined production processes, Lean Manufacturing (LM) and ergonomics have become ever more closely integrated in process improvement, yielding transformative effects on work design and organization. In this context, standardized work, within the LM framework is one of the tools that can be employed to reduce process times and eliminate waste, particularly waste related to unnecessary movement. To better understand the potential of this integration, a case study was conducted in which standardized work was implemented at the workstation exhibiting the longest cycle time, in order to assess its possible positive impacts (improvements in task execution and comfort, reduction in movement range, decreased fatigue, job enrichment, creative thinking, autonomy, enhanced well-being, and reduction or elimination of waste) as well as potential negative effects (reduced cycle time flexibility, task rigidity, increased stress, heightened pressure on workers, and greater workload). The research took place at a metalworking company located in the interior of São Paulo state. During the analysis of the targeted operation, a lack of task standardization became evident. Consequently, a standardized work method was developed and implemented, seeking a comfortable and efficient procedure in which workers could actively participate in the design, implementation, and validation of the new methods. To quantify and define work elements, a time-and-motion study was performed using the Method Time Measurement (MTM) tool; to quantify biomechanical risks, Suzanne Rodgers’s checklist was applied. The study aimed to establish safe and reliable work methods by considering both the actual activity and its inherent variabilities. In order to determine the optimal method, participatory ergonomics techniques were employed, and questionnaires were administered to assess workers’ perceptions before and after the introduction of standardized work and ergonomic improvements. Within the scope of the case study, it was found that, following implementation, workers reported higher job satisfaction, cycle-time improvements, reduced biomechanical demands (fatigue), and enhanced productivity (more streamlined and optimized processes). Despite the shorter process times and introduction of standardized methods, workers felt more confident and comfortable in performing their tasks. Overall, the integration of Lean Manufacturing tools with ergonomic principles demonstrates significant potential for the development of operational processes that are safer, leaner, more efficient, and conducive to preserving workers’ health.
Funcionamento de uma impressora 3D e sua utilidade para a construção de modelos para o ensino de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-15)
Reis, Eduardo Henrique de Camargo
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Souza, James Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2212240621620011
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-8332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0682710662109420
The emerging 3D printing technology has driven numerous practical applications in many sectors and has introduced opportunities for new teaching practices in a variety of disciplines and educational environments. The benefits offered by this technology in the school environment include greater student involvement in the proposed activities, the ability to visualize and better understand theoretical concepts and the integration of practical and theoretical skills. In Physics education, or other areas of natural sciences, the possibility of manufacturing specific models or improving the functionality of pre-existing models, makes 3D printing a great ally for teachers, since models can play a significant epistemological and pedagogical role in science education. Despite the potential of using this technology to create teaching materials and learning opportunities, little have been discussed about the need to acquire specific skills and competences to effectively integrate 3D printing in education. Our goal with this work is to provide a resource for educators and students interested in incorporating 3D-printing into their science classrooms. For this purpose we show how to perform the initial setup and first printing using the Creality Ender-3 model 3D printer. In addition to the technical details related to the use of the 3D printer, 3D modeling software, the evaluation of processes and printing materials, we also show the advantages of using printed models, with examples, for teaching Physics subjects and propose other activities to help teachers transform their science classes into a motivating and effective learning environment.
O papel das coordenadoras pedagógicas no desenvolvimento do estágio supervisionado: em questão o acolhimento e o acompanhamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-16)
Jesus, Ana Eliza de
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Vedovatto, Dijnane
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6758025601578309
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7435-6849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4361217892110830
The internship is an important stage in the initial training of teachers, as it gives them the chance to get in touch with the professional field, fostering knowledge of the school culture and the process of building a professional teaching identity. This research sought to analyze the perspective of the pedagogical coordinators who work in school management and who receive interns, from a perspective that considers their actions and perceptions of the supervised curricular internship of undergraduate courses. The research used a qualitative, exploratory approach, with questionnaires, document analysis and semi-structured interviews as data collection techniques. The research context was Elementary School I in schools in the municipality of São Carlos, in the interior of São Paulo. The materials collected were analyzed based on content analysis (Bardin, 2011) and, from this, the following axes of analysis emerged: the first: “The place of the internship from the perspective of the pedagogical coordinators” in which the internship is perceived by the coordinators as fundamental for teacher training, as well as the actions carried out with the interns. And the second, “Pedagogical coordination: implications and challenges encountered in the teaching internship process”, which points out difficulties in relation to working dialogues between the institutions (SME, university and schools). The results of the research show that the pedagogical coordinators understand their role with the trainees in developing actions to welcome and accompany them, as well as mediating the work of the teacher in the classroom. However, some weaknesses were also identified with regard to the role of the pedagogical coordinators with the trainees, such as the existence of gaps in the development of their work and in the organization of pedagogical work, resulting from busy routines and the absence of training relationships that cause doubts and lack of clarity in the performance of their role in a more active way. Finally, the supervised curricular internship should be highlighted as an opportunity to contribute to the trainee's learning, leading them to exercise skills such as analysis, reflection and academic articulation with the context of the profession. On the other hand, the development of these capacities can only really be built through the effective role and dispositions of all those involved, in a training community, in a real partnership to strengthen links. A link between the training spaces (university-school) is essential for the development of appropriate processes to offer internships in initial training and the development of teaching practice for learning the profession. With these considerations in mind, at the end of the research we present the need to implement actions that bring universities, the SME, schools and the agents involved closer together, overcoming the preponderance of bureaucracy so that a policy can be designed that favors better working conditions and articulation in the development of the teaching profession and the learning of professional practice in undergraduate courses.
Estimativa de mapas de profundidade usando encoder-decoder com módulos de atenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-17)
Casado, Ricardo Salvino
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-3202
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1063332398688574
Camera calibration plays a fundamental role in image acquisition, being an important step in stereo vision systems. This technique allows for precise correspondence between points of interest in images captured by different cameras. With calibration, it is possible to relate real-world coordinates to image coordinates, which is essential for determining disparity (the positional difference of a point in the two images) and, consequently, estimating depth in a scene. However, the configuration of these systems is still a quite complex process. Therefore, the estimation of depth maps from single images has gained increasing traction, as it uses only one camera to capture images. Instead of relying on disparity, monocular techniques use computer vision algorithms, such as structure from motion, feature matching, and deep learning, to infer depth in a scene. Additionally, they are more flexible in terms of hardware, as they utilize only one camera, making them more suitable for applications in mobile devices and embedded systems. With this in mind, the present work proposes a new methodology that employs genetic programming and symbolic regression as an alternative to conventional camera calibration methods. The results obtained with the proposed approach demonstrate superior accuracy compared to some of the most relevant methods in the literature. All experiments conducted with this new approach were evaluated using Wilcoxon statistical tests with a significance level of 5%. For the process of estimating depth maps from monocular images, the work investigates the use of attention modules, proposing new configurations and architectural modifications with the aim of achieving competitive results relative to the state of the art. After ablation studies, it was observed that the configuration with CBAM (Convolutional Block Attention Module) in the encoder and Modified GCNet (Global Context Networks) in the decoder yielded the best results for the problem of depth map estimation using a simple Convolutional Neural Network model. The evaluation of the proposed model indicated, in some scenarios, superior performance compared to the works used for comparison, showing an improvement of 25.22% in Absolute Relative Error and 6.28% in Mean Squared Error. In summary, this work contributes significantly to the advance ment of research in camera calibration and depth estimation, opening new perspectives for the application of convolutional neural networks in resource-limited contexts. The practical implications of the results are vast, suggesting that the ongoing development of deep learning architectures can not only improve accuracy in depth estimation but also make these technologies more accessible and applicable in mobile devices and embedded systems. Future studies could explore the integration of these methodologies in real-world scenarios, enhancing their applicability in areas such as robotics, augmented reality, and autonomous navigation, thus establishing a significant advancement in computer vision research.
Educação inclusiva: ensino de botânica para deficientes visuais e videntes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-18)
Urbano, João Victor
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Sebastiani, Renata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9773755519907716
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-6137
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4157088060445059
Inclusive education in regular schools (standard education system) is highly flawed. There are many reasons why this education is not successful, including the lack of teacher preparation, inadequate school infrastructure, and ineffective teaching materials. In the case of botany, teaching is inefficient even for sighted students, as relying solely on books and illustrations causes students to feel unmotivated and disconnected from plants. Considering that in botany education, the teaching materials used generally benefit only sighted students, this research poses the following guiding question: What strategies need to be employed to effectively develop botany teaching that includes visually impaired students? The objective of this study was to gather and analyze information that could be useful in developing strategies for botany education that cater to both sighted students and students with visual impairments. The study aimed to understand how the inclusion of visually impaired students is carried out at the Municipal School Professor Joel Job Fachini, identifying their needs. The research involved the participation of teachers and inclusive education monitors from the school, who were interviewed to assess the materials and infrastructure provided. The method used was Bardin's content analysis. The findings revealed that the main criticisms concerned the time required to prepare differentiated lessons, the lack of training for school staff, and insufficient support from educational policies. Overcrowded classrooms and lack of investment also significantly contribute to failures in inclusive education.