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O realismo de Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-28)
Trevisan, Heliakim Marques
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Marques, Silene Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4822141288006918
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-7381
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3912661990696566
La présente thèse cherche à montrer qu’il y a un réalisme dans l’œuvre de Bergson. Pour cela, quelques œuvres qui constituent le noyau de sa métaphysique ont été analysées. On y observe le projet de l'auteur de justifier l'appréhension d'une réalité qui dépasse les pouvoirs de la subjectivité. C’est un thème qui se révèle sous différentes formulations, mais c’est dans Matière et Mémoire que l’on trouve l’expression la plus claire d’une telle entreprise, dans laquelle une théorie de la connaissance se fonde sur la base de l’existence, ou de la réalité elle-même. L'évolution créatrice occupe également une place fondamentale dans le thème, car le réel, dans cette œuvre, comme absolu, est défini comme ordonné au-delà de la subjectivité, par le flux qui se fait à travers ce qui se défait, exprimant, de l’intérieur, la dynamique même de l’intériorité. Ce sont des ouvrages qui présentent la théorie de la connaissance traversée par la métaphysique, montrant dans quelle mesure elles participent à la même réalité, même si l’entendement n'a pas le privilège sur l'absolu, puisque la connaissance doit dériver de l'existence, et non de l'existence de la connaissance. Et c’est précisément pour cette raison qu’il s’agit du réalisme. Outre les ouvrages cités ci-dessus, d'autres textes métaphysiques de l'auteur sont explorés, notamment dans La Pensée et le Mouvement, mais aussi dans l'Énergie Spirituelle. Certains commentateurs contribuent de manière significative aux analyses, comme Bento Prado Jr. et Alain Panero, entre autres. La recherche porte principalement sur la métaphysique de l'auteur, qui s'exprime dans une philosophie de la nature, qui servira de base à la théorie de la connaissance ; À la fin, nous discutons de ce que Bergson considérait comme le résultat de sa doctrine.
Algoritmos para seleção de variáveis em modelos Markovianos ocultos não-homogêneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-29)
Sabillón Lee, Gustavo Alexis
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Zuanetti, Daiane Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8352484284929824
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-959X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4713725426670655
Non-homogeneous hidden Markov models are a statistical paradigm in which a sequence of non-observable states generates a sequence of observable. Transitions between the non-observable states are controlled by transition coefficients and covariates. Because variable selection has been hardly explored for this model, the central purpose of this thesis is to propose variable selection methods which improve predictive performance of the model. We propose two versions of the LASSO for the non-homogeneous hidden Markov model, the Global LASSO and Individual LASSO. The proposed methods are tested in a simulation study, to analyze their performance under controlled conditions. Evaluation metrics used are the mean squared prediction error, non-observable sequence prediction accuracy and coefficient shrinkage efficiency. Regarding the mean squared prediction error, the proposals consistently show better predictive performance than ARIMA and Penalized Linear Regression. They show very good performance when predicting the non-observable state sequence which generates the observable values. In terms of coefficient shrinkage efficiency, the proposals show excellent performance in all simulation scenarios when selecting variables via coefficient shrinkage. This gain in predictive performance as well as the ability to perform variable selection makes the proposed methods an interesting option to apply with the model. Finally, the methods are applied to characterize and predict the rainfall regime in the city of São Carlos, Brazil, displaying good performance when predicting rainfall quantities in the region as well as selecting relevant covariates for the model.
Psicologia e relações raciais: análise do processo histórico de formação de profissionais da psicologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-29)
Assis, Beatriz Vieira de
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Cruz, Ana Cristina Juvenal da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736396213946663
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-376X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0864212205523523
This research aims to analyze Psychology training from the perspective of racial relations in Brazil. To this end, Psychology is articulated as a scientific and educational field that relates to the modes of development and the constitution of subjectivity within culture and social relations. As a basic principle, the racism experienced by Black people is considered, as it structurally organizes Brazilian society and, given this, it is essential that the Psychology course is capable of training professionals who are duly qualified to act competently in the face of racial dynamics. To this end, as a methodology, a theoretical qualitative research approach was conducted on ethnic-racial relations in Psychology training, based on the understanding and explanation of social dynamics. As results, it was possible to perceive that although there have been advances throughout the history of Psychology regarding ethnic-racial issues, it must be recognized that intellectual production under the premise of ethnic and racial relations is still rendered invisible. This context indicates that confronting structural and epistemic racism in the academic field remains a challenge, but that the delineation of the field has been seeded, especially with the enrichment of knowledge promoted by the contribution of Black intellectuals in the authorship of scientific productions.
A teoria da personalidade em Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-29)
Morais, Yago Antonio de Oliveira
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9895-6988
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1044336507892154
The aim is to investigate and analyze the question of personality in Bergson. Our aim is to explore some necessary conditions for thinking about personality, both the properties of the notion of consciousness as duration and some considerations about the role played by the body. We will look in particular at Bergson's three main works, Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience, Matière et mémoire and L'évolution créatrice. We will follow how the philosopher rethought interiority, considering it in relation to the living body, as well as exploring the notion of life, the main aspects of which are related to these elements. Bergson defends a concept of personality linked to consciousness, which is therefore psychological, but which is also linked to its physical basis, the body. The notion of personality, in this sense, is circumscribed as something between these two domains, both thought of in the light of duration. Our proposal, then, consists of arguing that there is a theory established by the philosopher that converges with his philosophy of duration.
Desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos descartáveis para detecção do biomarcador miRNA-208b visando o diagnóstico de doenças coronarianas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-30)
Santos, Vagner da Silva
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1094-9597
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9161244309596182
DEVELOPMENT OF DISPOSABLE ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR DETECTION OF THE BIOMARKER miRNA-208B AIMING AT THE DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY DISEASES. Coronary diseases (CDs) are the most common type of cardiovascular disease, affecting the heart and blood vessels, and are one of the leading causes of death not only in Brazil but worldwide. The diagnosis of CD is made through electrocardiogram or monitoring of serological markers. Regardless of being the most commonly used methods for evaluating these diseases, they require specialized personnel and use nonspecific markers that take hours to be detected in the bloodstream. Due to these limitations, we propose an electrochemical method that uses magnetic particles decorated with biotin and a DNA probe (hairpin) to detect miRNA-208b, which is specific for myocardial infarction and released at the onset of cardiac necrosis. The viability of the method consists of the effective opening and annealing of the hairpin with miRNA-208b. After that, the bioconjugate is incubated with streptavidin-HRP. Thus, the temperature and denaturation time, as well as the concentration of hairpin, detection probe, and biotin, were evaluated. Moreover, the method uses a disposable device with eight independent electrochemical cells based on carbon paste, which allows for the simultaneous detection of eight different samples or targets. With the chosen conditions, the method produced an analytical range of 0,01 to 5,00x103 fmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0,22 fmol L-1. In this way, the method proved to be sensitive for the detection of miRNA-208b and specific when evaluated with other non-specific target sequences for the hairpin. Furthermore, the system's stability was monitored for 24 days, with a significant drop in the current signal only on the last day, around 69.8%. The method was applied to real blood serum samples from people with diseases that trigger heart problems without any pre-treatment steps of the samples and still corroborated with the RT-PCR results. Thus, in summary, the method proved to be sensitive, specific, low-cost, and with enormous potential to become an alternative for diagnosing coronary artery diseases.
Terreiro e cotidiano: contribuições para outras perspectivas de cuidado voltadas para pessoas negras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-30)
Santos, Anna Carolina
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Silva, Carla Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7079-8340
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8470043602509534
This work proposes dialogues between the Everyday and the Terreiro, aiming to expand care perspectives for Black people through an immersion in Ilê Axé BaraKetu IyaSessu, located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The research, which takes a qualitative and autoethnographic approach, investigated the community's daily life and its system of cultural symbols from the perspective of Care. Interviews and the PhotoVoice technique were conducted with participants who had been frequenting the terreiro for over two years and volunteered to contribute to the research. Data analysis resulted in four thematic groups: Care and Non-Human Community Heritage, Care and Territoriality, Care and Traditional African Matrix Science of Terreiro, and Care and Sacred Commensality. The results strengthen discussions on Care in the field of Occupational Therapy and promote the inclusion of counter-hegemonic knowledge in the production of knowledge, contributing to a better understanding of care practices directed toward Black people based on Traditional African Matrix Knowledge of the Terreiro.
Tocar uma cadeia: a gestão neoliberal do sofrimento carcerário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-30)
Rossler Junior, Eduardo Henrique
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6654671943845705
This thesis aims to understand the work of prison wardens from two perspectives: that of prison units and that of the coordenadorias of prison units in the interior of São Paulo. From these two spheres, we seek to analyze how their professional identities and career trajectories are constructed, as well as to investigate the formal and informal selection processes that enable hierarchical progression in these environments. The central hypothesis defended is that neoliberalism has significantly impacted prison management practices, increasing the distance between prison units and administration. This is materialized through a work model that prioritizes the production of indicators and targets, which often fail to meet the actual needs of prison units. To achieve this objective, a qualitative approach was adopted, with an emphasis on autoethnography, ethnography, interviews, and field observation. As a result, it was found that the regionalization of the coordenadorias, stemming from the expansion of penitentiary bureaucracy, has turned into a "factory of metrics," demanding targets from prison units that are often impossible to measure. Consequently, prison wardens end up becoming administrators of carceral suffering, which reveals itself not only as a byproduct of incarceration institutions but also as an object of disputes over the definition of what it means to be a good professional in this field.
Entre cartografias, territórios e afetos, a possibilidade de uma escola outra: a dimensão ancestral como potência na aplicação da Lei 10639/2003, por uma educação (matemática) antirracista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-30)
Martins, Rafael Bida Guabiraba
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Oliveira, Cristiane Coppe de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1337700960486255
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Caldeira, Ademir Donizeti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8185048034258055
The research in question delves into the investigation of how the Ethnomathematics Program, conceived on another dimension, the ancestral dimension, and permeated by the fundamental principles of ancestry, conceived under the concepts of body, sacredness, and territory, enables a deterritorialization of the school territory, reterritorializing it as another school environment. The analysis focuses especially on the intersection between the Philosophy of Ancestry, the concepts developed by Eduardo Oliveira and Leda Maria Martins, delving deeply into how this approach enables the construction of a new perspective of mathematics and the school environment, both intrinsically linked to the multiplicity of cultural corporeal diversity – Ancestry - and the ethnic-racial consciousness of the sacred and time – spiral time. The research process unfolded in various stages. This included participation in a Teacher Training Course and also conducting technical visits to the municipalities of Ouro Preto (MG), Mariana (MG), and São Paulo (SP), as well as visits to the Dr. Fernando Alexandre State School, along with involvement in seminars and roundtable discussions developed at the school unit. The methodology adopted, based on cartography, enabled the delineation and mapping of movements resulting from the interaction between ancestry and the Ethnomathematics Program. The aim was to understand the potential of an education based on ethnic-racial relations, seeking through this process to create tangible instruments capable of promoting the possibility of deterritorialization of educational environments, fostering an anti-racist and emancipatory education. By transcending the boundaries of conventional school territories, local knowledge emerged as a rich and diversified tapestry of wisdom, often underestimated and excluded. This alternative educational perspective celebrates multiplicity, nurtures curiosity, and fosters resilience, enabling individuals to confront the challenges of the world of knowledge, wisdom, and ancestry.
Pavimento urbano e desempenho térmico: modelos microclimáticos aplicados ao planejamento do território
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-31)
Kowalski, Luiz Fernando
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Masiero, Érico
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Lopes, António Manuel Saraiva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691827106518167
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8665-335X
This study aims to develop microclimate models to evaluate the interaction between pavements and the built environment, thereby supporting territorial planning. Two models were used: the physical PAVSCAM (PAVment and Street Canyon Model) and the numerical ENVI-met. The research also analyzed measurement and simulation errors, and errors related to the scale of analysis. It explored the relationship between changes in urban pavements and responses measured by the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) across different Brazilian climates. Additionally, the AHP-Gaussian multi-criteria methodology was applied to identify the optimal urban pavement solution. Throughout the study, different urban forms, albedos, and thermal masses were assessed. Findings revealed that the highest average heat flows occur in canyons with graphite-colored concrete pavements, particularly in areas with shorter buildings, due to increased pavement exposure to solar radiation. For real urban scale estimates, the study recommends using ENVI-met data (MAE = ±0.59) or physical models (MAE = ±0.66) in comparison to on-site measurements. Regarding thermal comfort, the UTCI showed significant variation in hot and dry areas. East-west oriented streets without shade experienced increased thermal stress in the late afternoon, attributed to higher albedo or thermal inertia. Concrete pavements exhibited a rise in thermal stress from “Strong” to “Very Strong,” indicating that high albedo or inertia surfaces can lead to discomfort in urban canyons. While high-albedo materials like concrete can enhance thermal conditions in cooler and wetter zones by promoting heat dissipation and lowering air temperatures, their benefits are not universally applicable, particularly during the late hours of the day. The results provide essential tools for analyzing urban pavements and integrating them into climate-responsive projects within tropical contexts. By complementing field data with these new perspectives, the study enables a more robust and effective analysis for urban pavement planning, ensuring infrastructures are better adapted to local climatic conditions.
Estratégias de marketing digital e comunicação não verbal no discurso político eleitoral: uma abordagem do caso da campanha eleitoral de Helder Barbalho em 2022 pelo Instagram
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-31)
Velani, Paula Barbosa
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8457-2668
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1878274299135440
Political communication on social media plays a crucial role in strengthening the connection between politicians and their audience. The growing use of these new media in the 21st century is revolutionizing communication, facilitating more dynamic interactions among users. The use of digital marketing resources and non-verbal communication not only enables the creation of assertive content but also contributes to building a charismatic leader figure on social media. In this ever-evolving digital era, this research aimed to address a case of effective political engagement during election campaigns, with Instagram, emphasizing its focus on images and videos, standing out as a key platform for political communication. To that end, the research was based on literature about digital marketing and content marketing techniques. Furthermore, it investigated relevant non-verbal elements to build a credible, positive, and persuasive political image. Methodologically, with a qualitative approach, the research conducted a single case study of Helder Zahluth Barbalho's 2022 gubernatorial campaign for the State of Pará, focusing on video and image content on the Instagram platform. Thus, this work aims to contribute to the debate on new forms of relationship through digital media and provide insights for those who wish to enter the political arena effectively.
Dieta e potencial de dispersão de sementes por canídeos no Cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-31)
Feliciano, Renato D'Elia
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Christianini, Alexander Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2295622727813765
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1538-791X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6646421989002171
The order of carnivores has several representatives that consume fruit and could potentially act in seed dispersal. Despite this, few Neotropical carnivore species have their diet studied in detail, including identification of plant material, and their potential as seed dispersers, especially in relation to qualitative and quantitative aspects. In this study, we highlight two species of canids (Canidae, Carnivora), the Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), which simultaneously have a diet based largely on frugivory and great potential as seed dispersers. We quantified the diet of both canids based on fecal samples obtained in the field in southeastern Brazil for 15 months. The Maned wolf showed an omnivorous, generalista diet, based mainly on rodents, birds, various fruits and the fruit of the wolf tree (Solanum lycocarpum). The diet varied seasonally: The Maned wolf consumed more rodents and S. lycocarpum during the dry season, while the other fruits were consumed more during the rainy season. In addition, the Maned wolf positively selected some prey such as the rodent genera Necromys and Clyomys, and some fruits (such as Psidium grandifolium and S. lycocarpum). Regarding the role of these canids in seed dispersal, we compared the germination percentage and time of seeds that had passed through their digestive tract with seeds planted with fruit pulp and seeds cleaned by hand. For the Maned wolf, we identified that 18 species, out of the 23 present in its diet, to have viable seeds after ingestion. For the Crab-eating fox, from 12 species present in its diet, eight has seeds viable after being eaten. Both canids proved to be legitimate dispersers of Cerrado species, mainly of plants with medium and large fruits (>1cm), but also of species with smaller fruits (Miconia sp.). From the 14 plant species tested, five germinated more after passing through the digestive tract of canids compared to the controls, while two germinated less. For the other species there was no difference in the germination percentage between the seeds defecated and those in whole fruits. Finally, by calculating the gut passage time of the Crab-eating fox (17.8 ± 5 hs), it is possible to infer they can deposit seeds at long distances from the mother plant. The study made it possible to deepen our knowledge about the diet of the Maned wolf, highlighting which resources are essential for their occurrence in natural areas, providing us with information on food selectivity and how seasonality influences its diet. Finally, it allowed us to affirm their legitimacy as seed dispersers for many species and to understand their importance for the dynamics and maintenance of this process in the Cerrado.
Comportamento informacional de surdos em bibliotecas universitárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-31)
França, Maísa Coelho
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Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8178008768291056
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3101-1389
The 2022 Higher Education Census conducted by the Anísio Teixeira National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (INEP) revealed that 2,592 individuals with hearing impairments were enrolled in Higher Education institutions across Brazil. The presence of deaf individuals in Higher Education necessitates the adaptation of university libraries to meet this demand. This entails an awareness of deaf culture to serve the deaf community effectively. This research aimed to investigate the information behaviour of deaf users who use (or have used, in the case of those who have already graduated) university libraries during their academic training. To investigate information behaviour, this research drew upon the theories of Wilson (information behaviour models), Dervin (sense-making), and Chatman (small world). The data were collected via an online questionnaire developed in Brazilian Sign Language, comprising three open-ended questions, 14 multiple-choice items, nine statements on a Likert scale of agreement, and one field for suggestions. The questionnaire was e-mailed to 199 Brazilian Higher Education institutions, deaf associations, and individuals from the deaf community, including interpreters. The snowball sampling technique was employed to gain access to the deaf community. A total of 95 responses were obtained, and the results demonstrate that the survey participants hold undergraduate, technologist, specialisation, Master's, and Doctoral degrees. Among the respondents, 18% do not use their institution's library facilities. However, among those who do, they report that library environments are conducive to the needs of deaf individuals, to the extent that they are recommended to other deaf people, irrespective of accessibility and collection issues. Of all the participants, 62% typically visit the library independently. Nevertheless, those who do not feel at ease reading and writing in Portuguese typically attend the library accompanied by other deaf individuals. A majority of participants exhibited a notable inclination towards human sources when searching for information, and 65% demonstrated the ability to identify reliable information, while 68% asserted their capacity to assess the usefulness of the information they retrieve for their information needs. Furthermore, regarding the theories employed, it was possible to discern the 'intervening variables' (demographic, environmental, and source characteristics) and the 'risk/reward theory' of Wilson's information behaviour model; the impact of context and variables such as security, values, and attitudes in facilitating the process of sense-making, as proposed by Dervin; and certain characteristics of the deaf respondent community that align with the concept of a small world, as postulated by Chatman. It is incumbent upon the university library to provide access to quality information from reliable sources. Librarians must work to eradicate possible contexts of information poverty. The task of understanding the deaf community is a complex one, which extends far beyond Brazilian legislation that guarantees their rights, including linguistic rights. Constructing a genuinely inclusive university library environment for these individuals – and not only for them – the library and its professionals must demonstrate a keen awareness of their community and the evolving trends within society. It is essential to adopt a welcoming and inclusive approach towards deaf individuals to facilitate their access to information resources and support their academic training.
Obtenção e caracterização de IPMC´S tendo como material eletroativo nanocompósitos de copolímeros tribloco estireno-butadieno-estireno/nanocristais de celulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-10-31)
Gall, Paulo Oliveira
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Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7723-0213
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9365514266404108
Ionomeric Polymer-Metal Composites (IPMC) are versatile materials with applications in various fields, including robotics, medicine, actuator and sensor technology. These composites consist of a layer of ionomeric electroactive polymer sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. When subjected to an electrical stimulus, they deform in response to the applied voltage, and conversely, they can produce an electrical response when mechanically deformed. Nafion, a sulfonated polymer with a perfluorinated chain, is a commonly used material in IPMC studies due to its excellent ionic conduction properties. However, Nafion has drawbacks such as high cost, poor recyclability, biodegradability issues, and reduced conductivity in low-humidity or high-temperature conditions. To address these limitations, researchers have explored sulfonating other polymers to achieve desirable conductive properties and modify the interaction between constituent monomers, creating nanostructures to enhance conduction. The usage of block polymers like styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) makes it possible to control the morphology of the composite and adds versatility to the material. Another area of interest involves incorporating renewable fillers to modify both mechanical properties and ionic conduction mechanisms. Cellulose nanocrystals, with their high hydrophilic character, can improve ionic conduction and mechanical properties while contributing to the sustainability of the material. This approach aligns with the goal of creating sensors based on renewable resources. In the context of this project, sulfonation of the styrenic phase of an SBS-type copolymer, incorporation and dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals, and usage of the resulting composite to manufacture IPMCs is proposed, as well as the impact of incorporating nanocellulose on its properties.
Exploring the potential of eukaryotic microalgae: a biochemical, bioactive, and metabolomic study
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01)
Solidade, Lucas Santos
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3640
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3866513568022265
Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms whose use dates back to ancient times. They stand out for their ability to accumulate proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, and bioactive compounds with nutritional and industrial potential. This study aimed to explore freshwater eukaryotic microalgae by evaluating their chemical composition, as well as their potential applications in the nutraceutical, bioenergy and pharmaceutical sectors. For this purpose, 26 different species of microalgae were evaluated, of which 12 had their biochemical compositions characterized. The microalgae Pediastrum sp. and Chlorella emersonii presented the most promising macromolecular compositions for industrial feasibility studies, with growth rates higher than the other algae (0.96 and 0.90 d-1) and protein content greater than 60%. Pediastrum sp. also stood out for its higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and superior antioxidant activity, making it promising as a nutritional source. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the microalga C. emersonii was able to inhibit the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. After fractionation, its antimicrobial potential increased, with fractions B and C showing the ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of up to 50 µg.mL-1 and S. mutans at up to 25 µg.mL-1. Metabolic analysis of these fractions indicated the significant presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids, likely responsible for the antimicrobial activity, as well as secondary compounds that require further investigation. The anti-obesity activity of the extracts was also observed, with lipid-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and appetite-suppressing potential in the microalgae S. bibraianum and Dictyosphaerium sp. S. bibraianum demonstrated the highest lipid-reducing activity, reducing lipid reserves by up to 50%, while Dictyosphaerium sp. exhibited the greatest appetite-suppressing (70% inhibition) and anti-inflammatory activity (95% inhibition). Metabolomic analysis revealed metabolites such as chlorophyll derivatives and polar lipids associated with these bioactivities. The assays also indicated an absence of cytotoxicity in the extracts. In conclusion, the microalgae C. emersonii, Pediastrum sp., and Dictyosphaerium sp. show promise for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. They may be further explored for future industrial applications, standing out from the other algae evaluated in this study.
A dimensão ética da catalogação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01)
Silva, Cleide Oliveira da
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Zafalon, Zaira Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1584935790390793
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4467-2138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8164817372542198
In the current context of information retrieval, characterized by technological advances and the search for quick answers in different media and communication platforms, cataloging plays a central role. The bibliographic description allows you to access and retrieve information about collections efficiently and with a focus on users' needs. However, this process is not without ethical implications, which can impact the way information is accessed and interpreted. Given this, this research analyzed how the International Cataloging Principles (ICP) reflect these ethical values. Through a qualitative approach, of an applied nature, with exploratory objectives and the use of bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to the narrative review method, the ethical values present in the ICP were examined. The results highlighted the ethical dimension existing in the literature on bibliographic representation, confirmed and contrasted with the ICP. It was concluded that certain ethical values are not yet included in the current Principles, suggesting the need for future research to evaluate the possibility of updating the ICP, in order to include ethical values that are absent in the current guidelines.
Perfil do padrão de resistência a antibióticos dos uropatógenos isolados de pacientes admitidos em um Hospital e uma análise reflexiva sobre a iniciação científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01)
Pereira, Mariana Negri
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Monti, José Fernando Casquel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1641654071358324
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-7926
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2891348185034112
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are very prevalent and, in general, empirical antibiotic therapies are used due to the time required to obtain urine culture results. It is known, however, that the indiscriminate use of these medications contributes to the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. In this sense, knowledge about the local prevalence of uropathogens and their pattern of resistance to antimicrobials is essential for designing a more appropriate empirical treatment, aiming to avoid bacterial resistance and maximize therapeutic success. Objectives: Determine the frequency of uropathogens and the antibiotic resistance profile of patients with community UTI admitted to a hospital in October/2018-2020. Methodology: Data from 1602 positive urine cultures and antibiograms (sex, age, uropathogen species and sensitivity to antimicrobials) were tabulated and the prevalence of the species and the global resistance profile were calculate, by sex and age group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was used, using Fisher's exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting a p value < 0.05). Results: Globally, infections were more prevalent in women and the elderly. Bacteria were detected in 1528 urine cultures (95.38%), of which 1382 (90.44%) were Gram-negative and 146 (9.56%) were Gram-positive. The most prevalent species were: Escherichia coli (63.87%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.34%), Proteus mirabilis (5.69%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.06%), and Enterococcus faecalis (4.06%). In both sexes, E. coli was significantly higher in adults compared to the elderly, while other species became more common in the latter group. Regarding the resistance profile, the tested aminoglycosides and carbapenems, Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin+Tazobactam, and Fosfomycin had a resistance rate < 20%; Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime, Cefepime and Amoxicillin+Clavulanate < 30% and the fluoroquinolones, Cefuroxime and Sulfometoxazol+Trimetropim < 40%. For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the elderly compared to other ages. Discussion: The highest incidence of UTI in females and the elderly is already well documented, as well as the higher prevalence of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially enterobacteria. The change in the frequencies of uropathogens according to the age group is probably related to a greater occurrence of complicated UTI in the elderly. Such group would also be subject to infections with more resistant bacteria due to factors such as previous use of antibiotics and more frequent hospitalizations. Regarding antibiotic therapy, resistance rates < 20% are considered adequate for empirical use, such as aminoglycosides, carbapenems, Ceftazidime, Nitrofurantoin, Piperacillin+Tazobactam, and Fosfomycin. Conclusions: This study contributes to the choice of the most appropriate local empirical treatment. However, the dynamism of these analyzed profiles and the importance of their repetition from time to time stand out, given the environmental changes to which the pathogens are subjected.
Análise da assistência multidisciplinar ao paciente em uso da terapia nutricional enteral na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto: estudo retrospectivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-01)
Falciroli, Isa Milene Vansan
;
Silva, Elaine Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7164632050856311
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-4191
;
Girão, Fernanda Berchelli
Objective: To analyze the multidisciplinary care of patients hospitalized and receiving Enteral Nutrition Therapy via nasoenteric tube in the Adult Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital, through the records of physical and electronic medical charts. Material and Method: This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study in terms of objectives and documentary in terms of procedures, in which physical and electronic medical charts of patients who were admitted to the Adult ICU of the University Hospital were evaluated. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings at UFSCar, CAAE 76566623.5.0000.5504. Results: From January 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024, a total of 48 patients were hospitalized in the Adult ICU of the University Hospital and required Enteral Nutrition via nasoenteric tube. The high mortality rate of the cases evaluated is noteworthy, with 35 (72.92%) patients progressing to death. When analyzing the performance of one or more nasoenteric tube placements per patient, it was observed that in most cases (n = 30 - 62.50%), only one placement was performed. It was noted that 20 (41.67%) medical charts recorded the indication for Enteral Nutrition in the Medical Progress Notes. When analyzing the total number of tube placements performed (n = 84 - 100%), only 20 (23.81%) had requests for X-rays recorded to confirm tube positioning after insertion. Comparatively, the request for X-rays by medical professionals was found in 81 (96.43%) nasoenteric tube placements in the nursing team's notes. Regarding the placement of nasoenteric tubes by nurses, 75 (89.29%) were recorded; only 8 (9.52%) had documentation of the type and size of the nasoenteric tube used, and 13 (15.48%) recorded tolerance or complications during placement. Concerning the documentation of the insertion nostril and external measurement, 51 (60.71%) contained this data; 18 (21.43%) conducted bedside position confirmation testing via auscultation, 46 (95.83%) documented the prescription of care for the nasoenteric tube, and only 49 (58.33%) recorded confirmation of X-ray completion, including the name and professional category of the person who performed it. In 34 (70.83%) cases, there was documentation of the initiation of enteral feeding with the system opening time, infusion rate, and responsible party, while this information was not found in 11 (22.92%) charts. During the ICU stay, 40 incidents related to nasoenteric tubes were identified, most of which involved accidental externalization (25 - 62.5%). No records of these incidents were found in the hospital's internal notification system. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals' records are essential for documenting interventions and care for hospitalized patients and are necessary for identifying areas for improvement in care processes to avoid errors and prevent adverse events.
Visão de um estudante sobre a formação médica na UFCar: uma narrativa crítica-reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-05)
Machado, Gabriele Vitoria Gerciano
;
Stefane, Claudia Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7808406751232968
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-4878
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3440322485330270
This Course Completion Work (TCC) presents a reflection on the academic trajectory from a student's personal point of view. To this end, the university admission process is presented chronologically, such as the Political Pedagogical Project of the course is structured and an overview of the experiences experienced in the three educational cycles. The constructivist approach of the course helped to improve learning and guided the student to a practical patient-centered clinic, promoting empathy, responsibility and respect in the doctor-patient relationship. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on training, bringing academic and personal losses that required a lot of effort and work to alleviate them. It is concluded, therefore, that the constructivist methodology, even though far from perfect, provides valuable tools to students to deal with adversity and promotes longitudinal knowledge practical, theoretical and attitudinal.
Percepção de estudantes da saúde acerca do papel da espiritualidade na processo de saúde-doença
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-05)
Lopes, Agatha Moura
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Valete, Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3246791895201559
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4346
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1715142284598797
This article discusses the importance of spirituality in health and the perception of health students about their preparation to address the topic. Spirituality has had a role recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1978, when it was included in the definition of health as a dimension that affects well-being. Studies show that spirituality can positively influence patient recovery, reducing anxiety and improving coping with illness. However, spirituality is often confused with religion, and it is necessary to differentiate between them: spirituality involves the search for meaning in life, while religion is linked to specific beliefs and practices. Despite the importance of spirituality in the healthcare context, many professionals encounter barriers, such as lack of training and discomfort with the topic. The reported study was carried out at the Federal University of São Carlos, with 71 Medicine, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy students. Most students recognize the influence of spirituality on health, but almost half feel unprepared to address the topic with patients, which points to a deficiency in the academic curriculum. Although 85.9% of those interviewed consider it important to include spirituality in their training, only 29.6% had contact with the topic during their undergraduate studies. It is concluded that, despite the recognition of the importance of spirituality, there are gaps in the training of students, which can affect clinical practice and comprehensive patient care.
Para além da medicina: uma imersão reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-05)
Koyama, Camila Takae
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Martins, Joyce do Rosario
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3476750240513111
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2706673821203380
A text that invites you to reflect on the academic journey throughout a medical degree, contemplating literature, ancestry, love, and academic achievements. The reflections permeate the temporality that passes through me, so that I discuss the reasons that led me to medicine and the perspectives that surround me at the end of the course. I am a story and here I present a part of myself.