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Crianças traqueostomizadas em ambientes extra-hospitalares: experiência e segurança da equipe de enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Oliveira, Beatriz Vieira; Okido, Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4358128584478380; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-5612; ttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0532405987156155; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8012-5214
To analyze the experience and safety of nursing staff in caring for tracheostomized children in out-of-hospital settings. Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The study was conducted remotely in October 2024 using a sociodemographic characterization instrument and a safety questionnaire regarding the care of children with tracheostomies. The questionnaire comprised seven items with five response options ranging from 1 to 5, where 1 indicated "completely unsafe" and 5 indicated "completely safe." Additionally, participants who reported having prior experience in caring for children with tracheostomies were asked to respond in writing to the following guiding question: "Tell me about your experience caring for a child with a tracheostomy." Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. All ethical principles were observed. Results:The study included 34 nursing professionals: 13 nurses, 17 technicians, and 4 nursing assistants. The participants had a mean age of 42.18 years, with a minimum of 24 and a maximum of 62 years. Regarding their educational background and professional experience, the mean durations were 15.38 and 11.9 years, respectively. Of the total participants, 19 (55.8%) reported no prior experience caring for a tracheostomized child. Among those who had such experience, the narratives highlighted feelings of fear and insecurity. Overall, all items on the safety questionnaire scored above 3 points, with an average score of 3.85. The item with the highest mean score (4.39) referred to confidence in performing the periodic replacement of a tracheostomy tube in children. The item with the lowest mean score (3.55) pertained to confidence in identifying clinical signs of probable tracheostomy tube obstruction in children. Conclusion:It is essential to invest in educational initiatives on this topic for the nursing team.
Manufatura aditiva de mecanismos sem montagem aplicada no desenvolvimento de um efetuador flexível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Nakasone, Fábio Kiei; Watanabe, Flávio Yukio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6492641614740181; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1296496968436920
The additive manufacturing (AM) process, or 3D printing, can be applied both to the production of prototypes for visual purposes only, as well as functional parts for final applications. AM enables the production of complex and personalized parts, without the need for several manufacturing process steps carried out on conventional equipment. Additive manufacturing is applied in different areas, including industrial automation using flexible devices produced through this process, aiming for greater efficiency in production lines with the proportional distribution of low impact forces, greater degree of freedom of effectors and the interface between machines and humans in object manipulation systems. The objective of this work is to develop a study on additive manufacturing of non- assembly mechanisms, applied to the design of flexible effectors for educational applications, and to analyze the mechanical behavior of the physical structure, through tests on a test bench in handling objects of different shapes. Additive manufacturing processes, printing of mechanisms without assembly, materials used to manufacture the effectors, sensors used, textured surfaces, types and drive systems of flexible devices are presented. The sequence of activities consists of developing the effector, selecting the drive mechanism, producing the effectors by AM, developing the drive mechanism, selecting textures, carrying out tests and analyzing the data obtained. During testing of handling objects with different geometries and masses, tables and graphs were generated demonstrating the best performance of the prototype in a vertical position and with a homogeneous EVA texture.
Tuberculose em profissionais de saúde brasileiros (2013-2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Sérgio, Matheus Gabriel de Melo; Yamamura, Mellina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6221450513629923; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-8788; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0460874868394230; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-3398
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease frequently associated with urban centers and vulnerable populations, including healthcare workers. Declared a global emergency by the WHO in 1993, TB reached 7.5 million new cases in 2022, with Brazil being one of the most affected countries. Given the relationship between TB and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is essential to highlight the locations where TB stands out among the population of healthcare workers. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of reported tuberculosis cases among healthcare workers in Brazil from 2013 to 2023. METHODS: An exploratory spatiotemporal ecological study was conducted, with Brazilian federative units as the units of analysis. The population consisted of reported cases of TB among healthcare workers. Data were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, followed by Prais Winsten time series regression, geocoding, and spatial variation analysis using kernel density estimation. Finally, the findings were mapped. RESULTS: During the period, 10,247 cases of TB in healthcare workers were reported. Brazil shows an increasing trend with an annual increase of 36.4%. In the kernel density analysis, four states emerged as hotspots. CONCLUSION: Brazil shows an increasing temporal trend of TB cases among healthcare workers, and the spatial distribution is heterogeneous, with a higher risk in urban areas of the country, which are priority areas for planning targeted actions to address the disease.
Educação bilíngue de/com surdos: deslocamentos pedagógicos de professores bilíngues como processo de minoração educativa.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Bonfim, Tatiane Cristina; Martins, Vanessa Regina de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768682330164550; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-293X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6800830205986465; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-2174
The education of deaf individuals in Brazil faces historical and structural challenges that hinder the full inclusion and appreciation of the cultural and linguistic specificities of this community. The National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), along with other educational policies, has favored an approach centered on oral language and an educational structure designed for hearing students, perpetuating an inclusion model that often fails to address the real specificities of deaf students. This scenario calls for a critical reassessment and the consolidation of Marginal Pedagogical Practices and Processes of Minoration, which promote singularity and difference, recognizing Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) as the primary language. This thesis aimed to: map the Pedagogical Practices of Bilingual Teachers, highlighting Marginal and Minoration Displacements. To achieve this goal, we shared daily knowledge derived from Bilingual Teachers in the Early Years of Elementary Education (1st to 5th grade), foundational years for building knowledge conveyed in/by and through Libras. The thesis argues that education embracing differences is only realized through Processes of Minoration, which entail Displacements from the normalizing Educational Practices focused on hearing students. However, two types of Pedagogical Displacements are observed: a less radical one, characterized by Marginal Teaching, marked by curricular adaptation practices that still preserve elements of a majoritarian logic; and a more radical one, constituted by Processes of Minoration, which emphasize the presence of difference and the emergence of a creative act, wherein deaf teachers and students create unique modes of pedagogical existence. This second Displacement affirms difference in its productive nature, creating fissures in the homogeneity of educational practices and enabling singularizations. Methodologically, the thesis employed Conversation Circles as a central strategy, emphasizing their flexible and affective approach in discursive interactions. The Circles were conducted in the first semester of 2023 and held virtually via Google Meet and Classroom, as these tools provide interactivity and remote access, enabling the participation of Bilingual Teachers from various municipalities in the state of São Paulo, which would be unfeasible in in-person meetings. These platforms allowed for the use of cameras, microphones, and PowerPoint presentations, as well as the storage of supplementary materials, such as articles, teaching plans, and legislation. The recordings of the meetings facilitated data collection. Collaborators were selected through convenience sampling. The data were analyzed based on two principles: the theoretical-philosophical principle of French Discourse Analysis (FDA) and the Principle of Cartography of Marginal Pedagogical Practices and Processes of Minoration. The results highlighted three distinct movements carried out by Bilingual Teachers: 1-Remaining the same – surrendering to the State Apparatus, remaining “attached” to the Molar Lines of Radical Inclusive Education; 2- Marginalizing – attempting to escape the central logic of in/exclusion through Marginal Pedagogical Practices; 3- Minoring – Pedagogical Displacement in Lines of Flight actions indicating potential Processes of Minoration. I hope that the results presented can contribute to the realization of Bilingual Education of/with/for Deaf individuals and to research in the field of Deaf Studies.
Fragilidade Ambiental nas áreas periurbanas de Sorocaba: análise das mudanças no uso da terra entre 2016 e 2022
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Almeida, Vinícius Bianco Fogaça de; Martines, Marcos Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5317839291904450; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-2431
This study analyzes environmental fragility in the peri-urban areas of Sorocaba between 2016 and 2022, aiming to identify and categorize vulnerability areas as a function of urban expansion. The methodology employed the classification of environmental variables, such as pedology, geology, slope, and land use, applying weighted values to determine fragility classes, following an adaptation of Ross’s model. The study produced comparative maps of fragility levels for the analyzed years, demonstrating a reduction in low-fragility areas and an increase in medium and high-vulnerability zones. This mapping provides a basis for urban planning decisions, highlighting the importance of preserving areas with high potential for environmental resilience.
Evasão escolar no ensino superior: um estudo de caso no Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra - Campus do Araguaia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Silveira, Carlos Eduardo Lopes; Martins, Manoel Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9697648566967196
Dropout rates in higher education have become a growing concern for institutional leaders. Understanding the reasons that have led students to abandon their undergraduate programs is essential to combat this issue and develop effective interventions. In this context, this study aimed to answer the following guiding question: What are the reasons for student dropout in undergraduate programs at the Institute of Exact and Earth Sciences, Araguaia University Campus, Federal University of Mato Grosso (ICET/CUA/UFMT)? To achieve this objective, a case study was conducted using exploratory and descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach to support the construction of the theoretical framework and applied research. The research participants were undergraduate program coordinators, the institute director, the undergraduate and extension manager, and dropout students, defined as those who discontinued or did not enroll in undergraduate programs at ICET/CUA/UFMT between 2017 and 2021. Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The research identified personal, institutional, and external factors contributing to student dropout. It also provided insights into the perspectives of program coordinators, the institute director, and the research and extension manager regarding the reasons for dropout. The findings revealed that dropout is caused by a variety of factors, including academic failure, difficulty balancing work and studies, and a mismatch between the student's chosen course and their interests. These findings highlight the need for effective public policies and dedicated efforts from academic communities to address these issues. Furthermore, the study indicates that the institution requires a more aligned approach to its actions and broader dissemination among its members.It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development of strategies to combat dropout and reduce dropout rates in undergraduate programs at UFMT.
Investigação da produção de pensamentos contrafactuais a partir de manchetes jornalísticas sobre violência sexual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Piai, Livia Polastri; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000766592195293
Counterfactual thoughts are characterized by thinking about the past. Based on conditional logical propositions (if..., then....), they aim to modify elements of reality, imagining outcomes different from what occurred. They are mainly produced following adverse events, for which alternatives are imagined that provide better results. The study of counterfactual thoughts allows for the understanding of complex emotions, such as guilt. They have significant importance in the legal context, since, depending on the focus given by the judge or the suggestion in a lawyer's argument, the outcomes can be altered. Thus, given the importance of the comparative process for interpretations in judgment, depending on the situation to which it is compared, a crime may seem less harmful. Within the journalistic context, an exaggerated focus may be given to the victim at the expense of the aggressor in headlines about sexual violence crimes, a fact that suggests the victim's demoralization. Given the greater blame imputed to the victim, this study intends to investigate how participants elaborate counterfactuals based on journalistic articles referring to sexual violence. Twenty adults, over 18 years of age and who signed the Free and Informed Consent Form (TCLE), participated, having been recruited through invitations on social networks. The participants remotely answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the counterfactual thinking assessment. Between 16 and 17 counterfactuals were found, all of upward direction except for two neutral ones. The target of the modification, in the headline that focused on the victims' attitudes, was mostly self-referential, and, in the one that focused on the aggressors, there were more other-referential alterations. The structure, direction, and aspects of reality altered were mostly upward, subtractive, self-referential, and with alterations related to action/inaction and obligation, a structure similar to the findings of other authors in the field.
Fatores que interferem na aceitação da alimentação via oral em pacientes hospitalizados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Alves, Maria Julia Rodrigues; Silva, Elaine Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7164632050856311; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-4191; Girão, Fernanda Berchelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9999840170649511; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-0519; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8517615529517017; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-8023
To identify the factors that interfere with the acceptance of oral feeding in patients hospitalized in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and methodological study, developed at the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos, with convenience sampling. Stage 1: The factors that interfere with the acceptance of oral feeding by patients in the sector were identified. Stage 2: The multidisciplinary team was asked about the factors that may influence the acceptance of oral feeding by hospitalized patients. Stage 3: Creation of a folder containing information related to the factors identified in the previous stages. Research approved under Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation No. 76766823.2.0000.5504 and by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos under opinion No. 6,721,429. Results: 26 patients participated in the study. In the "Organizational" category, 10 (38.5%) patients reported being interrupted by the team during mealtime to perform some procedure. In "Choices", not being able to choose the desired foods was mentioned by 12 (46.2%) patients. In the "Hunger" category, feeling or not feeling hungry at mealtimes was reported by 14 (53.8%) patients, and in the "Eating difficulties" category, 13 (50%) reported difficulties with packages and unwrapping food. In relation to the "Quality/satisfaction with food" category, 15 (57.5%) stated that the taste of food influences diet acceptance; in "Effects of the disease", 21 (80.8%) patients reported anxiety and 21 (80.8%) sadness as potential influencers in the eating process. A total of 42 (77.7%) professionals participated. In the "Organizational" category, 12 (26.8%) identified interruptions during feeding to perform medical and nursing procedures; in "Choices", 12 (26.1%) highlighted that the patient's food preference was not respected/individual taste; in the "Hunger" category, lack of appetite was cited by 8 (17.4%) professionals; in the "Feeding difficulties" category, the use of disposable cutlery was pointed out by 5 (10.9%) professionals; in "Quality/satisfaction with food", 11 (23.9%) reported patient dissatisfaction with the taste of food; and in the "Effects of the disease" category, 5 (10.9%) reported that nausea and vomiting can hinder patients' acceptance of food. Conclusions: this study confirms that there are factors that interfere with food intake in Intensive Care Units, and it is important to evaluate and monitor them, as well as interventions to minimize them, since they can compromise food intake during the patient's hospitalization in Intensive Care.
Mortalidade infantil evitável e causas mal definidas no estado de São Paulo: uma análise temporal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Gatto, Thamires Carraro; Yamamura, Mellina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6221450513629923; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5228-8788; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0493239207901902; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-8111
Introduction: Child mortality is directly related to a country's quality of life. For this reason, the United Nations Assembly included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) the proposal to reduce preventable child deaths by 2030. Despite public policies to reduce this rate, the majority of childhood deaths in Brazil still occur for preventable reasons. Objective: To analyze the time series of infant mortality from preventable and ill-defined causes in the DRS of São Paulo, from 2012 to 2022, and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: ecological time trend study that analyzed infant mortality from preventable and ill-defined causes, from 0 to 4 years old, in the 645 municipalities of the state of São Paulo. The data was extracted from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System and analyzed using the Prais Winsten linear model, using the R software. Results: Between 2012 and 2022 there were 51.823 (0.7270/1,000 live births) and 1.244 (0.0174/1,000 live births) infant deaths from preventable and ill-defined causes in the state of São Paulo, respectively. There was a greater reduction in infant mortality from preventable causes in the Regional Health Departments (DRS) IV, XII, XIII and XV, while the reduction in mortality from ill-defined causes occurred only in DRS I and X. Conclusion: São Paulo's municipalities are still far from meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in terms of infant mortality from preventable and ill-defined causes, even though there has been a small annual decrease. There is a chance that this scenario will worsen in other regions of the country, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clínica Ampliada e Compartilhada: a produção do cuidado em tentativas de suicídio, no entendimento dos profissionais da Rede de Atenção à Saúde de um município do centro-oeste paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Dovidauskas, Katarina Dudienas; Barbosa Neto, Jair Borges; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9551566039906499; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3358-7613; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0547855524416587; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6302-6748
This research was conceived based on the observation of the recent increase in cases of psychological disorders in Brazil and, consequently, the rise in suicide attempts, a phenomenon that can be correlated with the Covid-19 pandemic. While suicide attempts were already considered a public health issue before, it is now noticeable in everyday healthcare work that the number of people exhibiting suicidal ideation and behaviors is rising. The reality of small municipalities in Brazil is no different. Alongside the increasing number of individuals experiencing mental distress, we observe, in the practice of Primary Health Care (PHC) and Emergency Services (ES) of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), several obstacles in the care provided to users at risk of suicide, which violate the principles of integrality in health. In general, suicide remains a taboo subject in our society, which makes it less discussed and fosters distorted ideas, prejudice, stereotypes, stigma, and avoidant behaviors, resulting in difficulties in support, active listening, and comprehensive care for these users. In this context, the aim of this study was to understand how and whether care is provided to users who arrive at PHC and ES after a suicide attempt or with active suicidal ideation, and what the professionals of these services understand about this issue. The National Humanization Policy (PNH) establishes guidelines that orient health work from a perspective of continuous, comprehensive, and humanized care. To understand the professionals’ perception of the work performed in the Primary Care network, two reflective groups were conducted: one with PHC professionals and another with ES professionals, using a semi-structured questionnaire as a starting point to foster the dialogical construction of critical- reflective narratives. For the analysis of the collected data, the speeches were transcribed and thoroughly reviewed, in the light of Bardin's Thematic Analysis (Bardin, 1977/2016). The theoretical framework was based on the National Humanization Policy (PNH), linked to concepts from the National Primary Health Care Policy (PNAB). As a result, it became evident that the municipality participating in the research presents both strengths, in line with the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy (PNH), and weaknesses, such as the absence of shared responsibility within the network, the lack of a psychiatric emergency care pathway, and poor coordination between services. Through the network diagnosis, it was possible to present consistent data on the challenges and strengths identified by the professionals to the municipal management and propose a collaborative approach between sectors. Additionally, the study suggested expanding the training of these professionals in psychiatric emergencies and other complementary actions, such as evidence-based practice, public policies, and mental health promotion initiatives.
Relação entre apoio social e dor em pessoas idosas inseridas em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Siqueira, Gabrielle Estefany; Ottaviani, Ana Carolina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6355920916125637; Santos-Orlandi, Ariene Angelini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1334146454214813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5452412392224508
Older people may have specific health needs, which prompts reflection on the importance of investigating issues that can improve quality of life and health in old age. Therefore, social support has been recognized as an important determinant of health and disease, especially in contexts of high social vulnerability. Literature indicates that social support can reduce the occurrence of undesirable events among older people, including pain. Objective: To analyze the relationship between social support and pain in older people in a context of high social vulnerability. Method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study involving 123 older adults from a city in the interior of São Paulo, conducted between July 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected through sociodemographic questionnaires, pain assessments (presence, duration, frequency, and intensity), and the Social Support Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study. Descriptive analyses and correlation tests were performed, with significance set at p<0.05. All ethical guidelines for research involving human participants were adhered to. Results: The sample predominantly consisted of married women, with low education levels and mostly retired. The prevalence of pain was 84.6%, of which 88.46% was chronic, with an average intensity of 7.2 (±2.69). Regarding social support, the highest score was in the affective dimension, and the lowest in the positive social interaction dimension. There was no statistically significant correlation between the intensity or type of pain and the dimensions of social support (material, affective, emotional, informational, and positive social interaction). Conclusion: Although prevalent, pain did not show a significant correlation with social support among older people in a context of high vulnerability.
Fatores associados ao estresse de cuidadores familiares de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-11-25) Martins, Bianca Annie; Okido, Aline Cristiane Cavicchioli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4358128584478380; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4309-5612; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3542887625158451; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-7209
To analyze the stress of family members of children and adolescents with Down syndrome and identify associated factors. Method: Observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted in five neighboring cities located in the central region of the state of São Paulo. Data collection was performed in the homes, through the application of a sociodemographic characterization instrument, a perceived stress scale, and collection of salivary cortisol upon awakening. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Ethical aspects were respected. Results: Thirty family members participated, 24 mothers, five fathers, and one sister. The average score for perceived stress was 31.9 points. The average salivary cortisol upon awakening was 0.44 µg/dL. Statistical significance was observed between cortisol and occupation. No sociodemographic variable was associated with perceived stress. Conclusion: A tendency toward low cortisol levels and high levels of perceived stress was observed among family members. Those with paid employment showed increased levels of salivary cortisol compared to family members without employment.