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Reflexão da minha trajetória no curso de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Abubakar, Obeedu; Nordi, Aline Barreto de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965335072268661; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-9796; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738638029381200
This work presents a reflective analysis of my experiences throughout medical school, by focusing on the main educational curricular cycles of the medical school at UFSCar. Activities are divided into cycles such as first, second and third cycle or internship as recommended in our pedagogical project. Through personal accounts, I will address the main challenges I faced and also elaborate about my academic training, such as patients’ assistance, practice in hospital as well as other health facilities and how medical theory is transformed in real life situations. The reflections cover both technical and scientific development as well as personal transformation, highlighting how these experiences contributed to my training.
Relato da experiência de um nômade no curso de medicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Kabawa, Mohamad; Campos, Crispim Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964895672298869
This Course Conclusion Paper (TCC) is provided for in the Pedagogical Project of the Medicine Course at UFSCar. It is a Critical-Reflective Narrative based on my experience reports as a Syrian refugee student on this Undergraduate Course from 2019 to 2024, from the beginning of the course to the internship, highlighting how each stage contributed to my academic, personal and professional training. In addition to my experience with the extracurricular activities I have been involved in and my great interest in medical entrepreneurship, opportunities that have arisen with the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, I explore how the active problem-based teaching method has influenced my development and allowed me to take new paths in medicine.
Condicionador de solo baseado em nanocompósito: TPS/nanoargila
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Vieira, Henrique Otávio Salles; Ferreira, Marystela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-8167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2643343344559555; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7783-0423
Projections indicate continued population growth, increasing food demand and putting pressure on increasingly depleted arable land. Soil conditioners are a good alternative in the search for greater soil efficiency, aiming to increase its productivity to meet the growing global demand for food. In this sense, thermoplastic starch (TPS) presents interesting characteristics for this purpose, while nanoclay (NA) shows potential to reinforce its polymeric mesh, generating new properties. Thus, these low-cost materials were combined to develop optimized formulations of 3%, 5% and 7% (w/w) of NA to TPS. FTIR experiments demonstrate that structural modifications occurred in the material when the two components were mixed, with greater intensity in TPS/NA7%, being visible in the SEM images. The TPS/NA7% sample was the one that swollen the most to TPS, with emphasis on slightly acidic and neutral media, being 32%, 39% and 21% at pH's 5, 7 and 9, respectively. The TPS/NA7% sample also had the lowest solubility, mainly in slightly acidic and slightly basic media, 30%, 25.4% and 24.4% for the respective pH's 5, 7 and 9. The neutral pH of the nanocomposites can guarantee their use in a wide variety of soils. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was also higher in the nanocomposites to TPS, with a higher value in TPS/NA7%, indicating greater availability of nutrients for the medium in which they were found. Showing such superiority, TPS/NA7% was subjected to further experiments. Thus, performance tests of leaching, biodegradability, microbial activity and planting show that TPS/NA7% is the composite that presents a better release of NPK ions, as well as a lower release of CO2 and proliferation of microorganisms, and a higher productivity in seedling growth, reducing the dormancy effect in seeds. Finally, the TPS/NA7% composite stood out from the others and showed a product that not only showed improvement in the physical-chemical properties of the soil, but also economic viability and sustainability. Thus, this work also contributed to more sustainable and efficient agricultural practices
A tendência à estabilidade de Fechner na obra de Freud
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Mattos, André Santana; Namba, Janaina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5016873975206205; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-5282; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0371831964052713; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-2936
This work consists of an examination of the relationship between the works of Sigmund Freud and Gustav Fechner, based on Fechner’s concept of the tendency to stability, which is incorporated into Freud’s work in 1920, in "Beyond the pleasure principle". The principle of the tendency to stability had been formulated by Fechner in 1873, in the book "Some ideas on the history of creation and development of organisms", having been conceived as a physical principle, according to which every isolated material system would move towards increasingly stable states. This principle would act on organisms, resulting in both the stable cycles of life and the stability of inorganic rest. Freud, in turn, inserts it in his work, taking it as the basis of his principle of constancy, which, along with the pleasure principle, will be understood by him as an expression of the death drive. Adding to this the fact that Fechner understands stability and pleasure as the physical and psychical manifestations of the same process, we have there an interesting and remarkable coincidence between the two authors, who align stability, death and pleasure in their theories. On the other hand, we find an important divergence between the tendency to stability and the principles of regulation of the quantities of excitation, as well as between the conceptions of pleasure of the two authors, where the association explicitly woven by Freud resides. While in Freud a quantitative conception is placed in the foreground, stability and pleasure in Fechner have a more essentially qualitative character. The theme of repetition, which appears in some way in both authors, seems to be even more divergent, as the cyclical repetition characteristic of Fechnerian stability is not represented in the set of phenomena that make up Freud’s repetition compulsion. Even the point of greatest coincidence or theoretical compatibility, however, which is the convergence between tendencies leading to stability, death and pleasure, does not seem to allow for a rigorous theoretical integration, if we consider the specificities of these concepts in each author.
A relação entre inflação e índices de preços ao produtor agropecuário: Uma análise por meio de séries temporais para os extremos de faixas de renda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Nogueira, João Pedro Ferreira; Carrara, Aniela Fagundes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2348376949393246; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3131-2344; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4053783370823362
Motivated by the central position that agriculture has in Brazil's economy, as well as by the growth, especially in the post-pandemic period, of food insecurity among lower-income Brazilians, which has, at least in part, its origin in the inflationary dynamics of food, the This objective study analyzes the impact that agricultural producer prices for three types of goods (grains, livestock products and fruit and vegetables) have on inflation for very low-income and high-income Brazilians. To this end, a model was created for each social group evaluated, inspired by the New-Keynesian Phillips curve, whose orders were made using Autoregressive Vectors with Error Correction. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate that the price for agricultural producers has a stronger impact on inflation for the poorest at the expense of inflation for the richest, at least in the period analyzed, which runs from January 2007 to March 2024.
Educação dos estudantes com deficiência no contexto das escolas em tempo integral do município de Sorocaba.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Belarmino, Maria Hildelânia Nascimento; Dainez, Débora; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4671868444231806; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-098X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3628301294751786; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9724-1972
Full-Time Schooling and Special Education have taken on a prominent role in educational policies. In light of this, the present study poses the following question: How do the policy guidelines for Full-Time Schooling and Special Education affect the schooling of students with disabilities? Considering the importance of intersecting these policies, the main objective of this research was to analyze the guidelines related to Full-Time Schooling and Special Education policies from an inclusive perspective, within the context of municipal schools in Sorocaba. To achieve this, the following specific objectives were established: a) To understand the perceptions of school administrators regarding Special Education in Full-Time Schools within Sorocaba's municipal network; b) To identify the main challenges and strategies for supporting students with disabilities in the schools under study; c) To examine how the educational services for students with disabilities are implemented and the conditions for their schooling in Full-Time Schools in the municipality. The study employed Stephen J. Ball's policy cycle as an analytical framework and included bibliographic and documentary research, as well as interviews with administrators from Full-Time Elementary Schools in Sorocaba, São Paulo State. The analyses revealed that Special Education in Full-Time Schools is shaped by ongoing, limited, and restricted adaptations. The findings highlighted a fragmentation between Full-Time Schooling and Special Education policies, which are conceived in a sectoral manner and function in a disjointed way. Considering both the objective and subjective conditions, it was observed that these policies, in their contexts of influence and text production, do not align with their implementation in practice. The assistentialist approach that characterizes these policies has implications for practical contexts and raises critical questions about the social role of schools and the contradictions surrounding the (lack of) schooling of students with disabilities. It is concluded that both Full-Time Schooling and Special Education policies possess compensatory and remedial characteristics, reflecting the capitalist production model of schooling. This model seeks to regulate the process of knowledge socialization through the assistentialist nature of public schools.
Extremófilos em astrobiologia: contribuições para a compreensão da produção de bioassinaturas e estratégias moleculares de sobrevivência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Santos, Alef dos; Pilau, Eduardo Jorge; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0859421816184957; Rodrigues-Filho, Edson; Rosado, Alexandre Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9858350821834585; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5814-3624
The origin, evolution, and survival of life in extraterrestrial environments are fundamental questions that drive scientists to search for evidence of life beyond Earth. The science dedicated to investigating these questions is astrobiology, a relatively new field that integrates various areas of the natural sciences, such as astronomy, geology, chemistry, and biology. In this context, the search for habitable environments is essential to explore the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Currently, it is known that some celestial bodies in our solar system, such as Mars and the icy moons Enceladus and Europa, exhibit or have exhibited potentially habitable conditions. However, Earth remains the only known planet that harbors life, serving as the primary guide in this search for answers. This thesis investigates the use of extremophilic microorganisms, such as a black yeast and alkaliphilic bacteria, as models to understand the molecular mechanisms of survival and the production of biosignatures when exposed to conditions that simulate the geochemistry of Mars and the oceans of Enceladus. First, the potential of the black yeast strain Rhinocladiella similis as a eukaryotic model in astrobiological studies was explored. Genomic and proteomic analyses revealed that when exposed to synthetic regolith simulating Martian soil and perchlorate salts, the yeast significantly altered its metabolism, producing various proteins and enzymes to cope with oxidative stress, in addition to activating chemical detoxification processes and increasing melanin production. The yeast also produced unique molecules under these conditions, such as osmolytes, oxylipins, and siderophores. Moreover, the study investigated the potential of a volcanic crater in Saudi Arabia as a promising environment for the discovery of polyextremophilic bacteria that could serve as models in astrobiology. Several halophilic bacteria were isolated and characterized by 16S sequencing, and two of them, from the genus Halalkalibacterium halodurans, were subjected to genomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate their survival capabilities under conditions that simulate the oceans of Enceladus. Their chemical signatures were analyzed using a molecular network approach via mass spectrometry, aiming to identify potential biosignature targets. In summary, this study demonstrated that through multi-omic tools such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, it was possible to deepen the understanding of the molecular strategies employed by these extremophilic microorganisms under astrobiologically relevant conditions, showing that these microorganisms are valuable models for understanding potential life beyond Earth.
Graus de ansiedade matemática em estudantes durante épocas de crises globais e sua relação com a motivação: uma análise de gênero
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Oliveira, Laôr Fernandes de; Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-6296; Carmo, João dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-7023; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5479838101146249; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-1152
Anxiety and motivation are significant factors in the school context, influencing both students' experiences and performance in a subject. During remote learning, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of mathematical anxiety levels among SESI-SP students was observed, as well as the relationship between this anxiety and motivation to study mathematics. The aim of this research was to analyze the levels of mathematical anxiety at two distinct moments: at the beginning of the return to in-person classes (August 2021) and after the stabilization of in-person classes (2022). Data collection was carried out in SESI-SP schools located in the Mogi Guaçu and Araras regions, with the participation of 945 students from the 5th and 9th grades of elementary school (n=749) and the 3rd year of high school (n=196). Of the total participants, 453 were female and 492 were male. For the descriptive analyses, data from participants who responded to both phases of the survey were used. The final sample, after matching, consisted of 101 participants. The data indicated that individuals identifying as female exhibited significantly higher levels of math anxiety, particularly in the moderate, high, and extreme ranges, compared to male participants, even after the return to in-person classes. These findings were further influenced by the global crisis context of the COVID-19 pandemic, showing that women with moderate to high math anxiety were more significantly affected. The results of the second assessment did not support the hypothesis that math anxiety levels would decrease, instead revealing significant gender differences. Notably, the impact of extreme math anxiety was more pronounced among females, aligning with existing literature that highlights their greater likelihood of experiencing heightened anxiety in response to mathematics. This underscores the need to develop and implement educational strategies that are both individualized and sensitive to gender-related aspects, with a focus on emotional and motivational support. Emphasis should be placed on approaches grounded in trial-and-success methods rather than traditional trial-and-error models.
Acessando a comunidade de mesopredadores em uma região altamente fragmentada de mata atlântica a partir do eDNA e iDNA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2024-12-06) Pereira, Anderson Coimbra; Saranholi, Bruno Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7501155211183288; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-3557; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5916-6126; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6656252133105007; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8678-6248
The Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse yet threatened biomes globally, with significant loss of its original area due to fragmentation and human expansion. The Pernambuco Endemism Center (CEP), located north of the São Francisco River mouth, is among the most devastated regions of this biome, hosting endemic species and high phylogenetic diversity, although its remaining areas are increasingly isolated and degraded. The fragmentation of CEP poses a serious threat to the survival of various species and undermines the ecological functioning of the biome, marking it as a priority area for conservation studies. Currently, large mammals are absent from the CEP due to intense anthropogenic pressure, and remaining predators are mesopredators, surviving in low densities and playing crucial ecological roles. This study focuses on the conservation of these mesopredators by detecting their presence to enhance knowledge of their distributions and identify priority areas for conservation. Innovative monitoring approaches are essential for understanding the presence of threatened species and guiding preservation actions. The objectives included identifying mesopredator presence in CEP forest fragments and pinpointing areas of conservation priorities for those species. Monitoring employed environmental DNA (eDNA) and invertebrate-derived DNA (iDNA) techniques, analyzing water samples and stomach contents of flies and mosquitoes, respectively. Additionally, species distribution modeling (SDM) was conducted to identify areas with conservation potential for six mesopredator species recorded in the region: Leopardus pardalis, Didelphis aurita, Didelphis albiventris, Procyon cancrivorus, Nasua nasua, and Cerdocyon thous. Collections were made from 13 forest fragments in CEP, utilizing metabarcoding analyses with 12SrRNA and 16SrRNA markers to detect mesopredator species presence. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of eDNA and iDNA methodologies for monitoring low-abundance species in fragmented areas, identifying C. thous and D. albiventris in five of the analyzed fragments; the iDNA from flies and the 16S marker were more effective for target species identification. The SDM incorporated environmental, land cover, anthropogenic, and topographical variables to predict favorable occurrence areas for these species' conservation. The modeling outcomes forecast potential species distributions in response to the analyzed variables, identifying viable forest fragments for population protection. This study provides critical insights for conserving mesopredators and the overall faunal community in CEP. By identifying occurrence areas and potential habitats, the research aids in developing conservation strategies that can benefit local biodiversity. Thus, the present study not only advances knowledge about mesopredators but also reinforces the importance of integrated actions to protect the threatened fauna of the Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco.