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Taxonomia e distribuição de Dinotrema (Dinotrema) Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) da Mata Atlântica (Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-04) Oliveira, Franciélle Dias de; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8371-5591; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7801155621308230; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-4024
Dinotrema Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae) is a large and taxonomically complex genus of endoparasitoids of Diptera, with numerous undescribed species, particularly in tropical regions. In the New World, two of its three subgenera occur: Dinotrema and Synaldis, with ca. 80% of the genus’s species included in the former. The Neotropical fauna of the subgenus Dinotrema remains poorly explored, with only seven species formally described, while many others remain unidentified in biological collections. This study is based on the morphological analysis of about 2,000 specimens of the subgenus Dinotrema deposited in the Coleção Taxômica do Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil, collected from Atlantic Forest areas. Twenty-three new species are described, and specimens of three previously known species from Brazil were recorded: Dinotrema (Dinotrema) multiareolatum Peris-Felipo, D. (D.) plaumanni Peris-Felipo and D. (D.) subbidentatum Peris-Felipo. Chapter 1 addresses taxonomic descriptions, morphological variations, an identification key for Neotropical species, and a discussion of relevant morphological characters. Chapter 2 details the distribution and occurrence of the specimens: 1,756 specimens were assigned to species, with records from seven states and 27 municipalities in the South and Southern regions of Brazil. Approximately 90% of the specimens were collected in protected areas, encompassing 19 conservation units. Some species, such as D. (D.) sp. nov. 1, D. (D.) multiareolatum, and D. (D.) plaumanni, exhibited broad distributions, with numerous specimens recorded, while others occurred in smaller numbers, with four species recorded exclusively in a single conservation unit each. This study expands knowledge on the taxonomy and distribution of the subgenus in the Neotropical region, highlighting the importance of biodiversity research, the conservation of natural areas, and biological collections.
Modelos e métodos de otimização para apoio à tomada de decisão no planejamento agrícola da cultura de laranja
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-04) Tavares, Cassiano; Munari, Pedro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-593X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0316636213886070; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-5203; Munari, Pedro; Aliano Filho, Angelo; Rocco, Cleber Damião; Santos, Maristela Oliveira dos; Morabito, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1328868140869976; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3719161306510425; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2127180000258691; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0756373063566786; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
The 2024/25 Brazilian orange harvest is already considered the smallest in the past 30 years. This is due to a 25% drop in orchard production in the state of São Paulo and other factors such as the spread of phytosanitary diseases, a shortage of rainfall (31% lower than expected for the period), a reduction in fruit size, and a decrease in the rate of mature fruit drop. This entire scenario has led to a rise in fruit prices and a slowdown in global orange juice consumption. As a result, Brazil’s position as the world’s largest producer of oranges and orange juice since 1980 could be shaken in the medium term if no solutions are found to support strategic decisions, such as planting orange trees to meet the demands of previously signed international contracts. To face these challenges, this thesis proposes an innovative mathematical model to formally support the optimization of strategic planning for orange planting, taking into account specific characteristics of this crop, such as varietal balance in production and the control of plant age groups. The operational requirements were defined in partnership with one of the world’s largest orange juice producers and validated through computational experiments using instances based on real data. The computational results revealed several advantages of using the proposed model to support decision-making, further indicating that annual production could increase by an average of 50.59% from the ninth year until the end of the planning horizon, while meeting the company’s essential and desirable requirements. However, significant difficulty was observed in obtaining optimal solutions of the proposed model due to the complexity and scale of the real-world problem. To reduce response time, matheuristics were explored, offering reasonable solutions. Moreover, to handle conflicting objectives that arise in practice, Multiobjective Optimization techniques were applied. With these advances, this work provides practical and strategic solutions for Brazilian producers to face adversities and maintain competitiveness in the global market.