Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-03-05"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 2159

O ensino de ciências na educação infantil: um estudo exploratório sobre a produção acadêmica no Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC) de 2013 a 2023
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-05)
Vieira, Bruna Botelho
;
Galletti, Rebeca Chiacchio Azevedo Fernandes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1165657786360823
This study aims to identify and analyze papers published at the Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC) between 2013 and 2023 that address science teaching in early childhood education. The research, qualitative in nature, is based on a literature review to understand how this field has been conceptualized, researched, and developed, as well as to identify challenges and opportunities highlighted in academic production. The results emphasize the importance of reflective and interactive pedagogical practices, integrating science into children's daily lives through playful and investigative approaches. Strategies such as games, experiments, and contact with nature have proven effective in stimulating critical thinking and scientific curiosity. However, challenges such as the lack of specific teacher training and the shortage of appropriate teaching materials still hinder the implementation of innovative practices. Interdisciplinarity and the use of methodologies such as the Inquiry-Based Teaching Sequence (SEI) and the Science, Technology, and Society (STS) approach demonstrate potential to enrich learning, promoting more meaningful and contextualized science education. It is concluded that science teaching in early childhood education should be strengthened through continuous teacher training and the adoption of pedagogical strategies that make science accessible and engaging from the earliest school years.
Estratégias para impulsionar a remanufatura automotiva no Brasil: uma perspectiva dos fabricantes originais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-06)
Modesto Junior, Luiz Alberto
;
Silva, João Eduardo Azevedo Ramos da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3823047207711289
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-5065
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2123338469439043
Remanufacturing adds value to post-use products through the replacement or reprocessing of components. Despite the growth of the used vehicle market and rising maintenance costs in Brazil, remanufactured products still face significant challenges to their consolidation, particularly in the automotive sector. While the existing literature highlights global trends, the Brazilian market presents specific regulatory, cultural, and logistical barriers that hinder the development of remanufacturing practices. Moreover, empirical studies addressing these challenges in the national context remain scarce, especially those that incorporate the perspectives of multiple stakeholders across the remanufacturing value chain. This study aims to identify such barriers and propose targeted strategies to overcome them in the automotive sector, contributing to the advancement of remanufacturing practices in Brazil. Based on interviews with 11 industry specialists—including professionals from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), Tier 1 suppliers, and other key sector stakeholders—the research employs Content Analysis and Descriptive Statistics to examine the constraints faced by the activity. The analysis led to the identification of four main thematic axes: Market Perception of Remanufacturing; Government Influence and Reverse Logistics; End-of-Life Product Management; and Sustainable Core Return Strategies. The prioritized barriers revolve around the absence of public policies, regulatory shortcomings, logistical bottlenecks, and market-related challenges. To address these issues, the study proposes fiscal incentives, regulatory strengthening, promotion of reverse logistics, product standardization, and awareness-raising actions targeting various actors along the chain. By integrating technical, regulatory, and cultural dimensions, this research fills a relevant gap in the national literature and provides practical insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and other stakeholders committed to fostering a more sustainable and competitive remanufacturing ecosystem in Brazil.
Aplicação do lean office na administração pública: Um estudo de caso em uma instituição federal de ensino superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-06)
Elias, Laís Garcez Rocha
;
Silva, Fábio Molina da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8371146074145702
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5642756746644897
Public administration follows norms, deadlines, and procedures, which stems from its roots in Max Weber's principles of operation and bureaucracy. These principles, centered on rationality, hierarchy, and cost-effectiveness, are designed to ensure fairness, consistency, and the efficient enforcement of rules, ultimately benefiting society as a whole. However, many public agencies are now adopting methodologies, tools, and practices from the private sector to address the dilemma of budget cuts while improving the services provided. The aim of this study is to apply Lean Office tools to the bidding process known as the Electronic Auction through the Price Registration System of the Federal University of Mato Grosso Foundation (FUFMT), in accordance with the changes brought by the New Public Procurement and Contracts Law, Law No. 14.133/2021. To achieve the proposed objective, a case study was conducted in the Procurement Management Coordination (CGC) of FUFMT, focusing on the bidding process in the Electronic Auction (PE) modality through the Price Registration System (SRP). Data for the study were collected through simple observation by the researcher, analysis of processes that originated the Price Registration Records in 2023, document analysis, an orientation questionnaire, and a focus group with a semi-structured guide involving the stakeholders of the process. In this context, the main contribution expected from the development of this study is to propose the improvement of public administration performance by eliminating waste, with the aid of Lean Office methodology, in compliance with legal requirements. With the collected data and applied tools, it was possible to develop the framework for the PE SRP process, with key points including raising awareness among requesting staff about their essential role, improvements in purchasing planning, the use of Preliminary Technical Study models and the Risk Matrix, as well as providing a pre-filled Terms of Reference and learning from previous processes. The creation of a response and action database to address recommendations from the Federal Attorney General’s Office, process standardization, and internal dispatches. Additionally, permanent actions are suggested, such as the creation and updating of Standard Operating Procedures (ETPs), guides, and best practices manuals, which will contribute to a faster and more accurate process flow.
Percepção de estudantes de enfermagem na prática deliberada em ciclos rápidos e no treinamento de habilidades para cenário de suporte básico de vida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-06)
Sudan, Leticia
;
Zanatta-Protti, Simone Teresinha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6772128930979370
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-0080
;
Girão, Fernanda Berchelli
Clinical simulation is an effective strategy for health training, as it aims to reduce the gap between theory and practice. Nursing students, as future professionals, need to maintain well-consolidated theoretical and practical knowledge to intervene immediately in emergency situations. Objective: To analyze the experience of nursing students in Deliberate Practice in Rapid Cycles and in skills training followed by a Simulated Scenario for Basic Life Support. Method: This is a qualitative study of the descriptive-exploratory type, guided by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guide. The study was developed at the Health Simulation Unit (USS) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), located in the city of São Carlos. The sample consisted of 12 students included based on the following criteria: being regularly enrolled in the Undergraduate Nursing Course at the Federal University of São Carlos and being over 18 years old. Students who had any training on BLS content using AED during their professional training process with the PDCR technique, skills training associated with high-fidelity simulation, were excluded from the study. All were invited to voluntarily participate in the research during the period from September to November 2025. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews based on a Holistic Debriefing guide that were conducted by two trained researchers, after training in Basic Life Support (BLS) with Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCP) or with Simulated Skills Training. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed in full, and the data were analyzed using the Clark and Brown Analysis technique. Results: From the analyzed data, three empirical categories emerged: 1) Students' perceptions in relation to the different simulated practices; 2) Contributions in relation to the development of technical and non-technical skills; 3) Feelings before, during and after the simulation. The students were satisfied with the simulation techniques, especially when compared to traditional teaching methods. They emphasized the importance of repetitions and feedback from the RCDP, as well as working in a safe and realistic environment during the Simulated Scenario. Conclusion: The evaluation of the experience of nursing students with Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice (RCDP) and Skills Training, followed by the simulated scenario during Basic Life Support (BLS), highlighted the relevance of implementing active teaching methodologies in nursing training. The use of simulation methods proved to be effective, promoting significant gains such as increased self-confidence, leadership and the ability of students to deal with intense emotions such as anxiety and stress. In addition, the importance of conducting new studies that investigate the experiences of nursing students with simulation techniques in health education is highlighted, as these studies are essential to identify the need for adaptations in the traditional teaching method.
Restrição calórica moderada sobre a adiposidade corporal e o tecido ósseo de ratas sob estado de hipoestrogenismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-06)
Nascimento, Rafael Henrique de Oliveira
;
Beck, Wladimir Rafael
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3124811889307056
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-2713
;
Branca
Hypoestrogenism state has been associated with weight gain, obesity and the incidence of osteoporosis. When it comes to weight reduction, calorie restriction (CR) remains the main strategy. However, severe CR (40 to 50%) is associated with damage to bone tissue and favors the incidence of long-term malnutrition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether 12 weeks of 20% CR is enough to prevent gain in body mass and adiposity without causing additional damage to bone tissue in ovariectomized rats. For this, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n= 10 per group): control (C), control + calorie restriction (C-RC), ovariectomized (OVX) and ovariectomized + calorie restriction (OVX-RC). At 90 days of age, the animals in the OVX and OVX-RC groups underwent bilateral ovariectomy surgery and at 97 days of age the experimental period began, lasting 12 weeks of CR and/or hypoestrogenism. The animals in the C-RC and OVX-RC groups received 20% less feed every day, based on the last week's consumption in the C and OVX groups. The animals' body mass was recorded weekly, and their spontaneous physical activity was recorded every two weeks using a gravimetry apparatus. At 181 days of age, the animals were euthanized and subcutaneous, peritoneal, perigonadal and brown adipose tissue were collected to record absolute and relative mass. The white and red gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus and soleus skeletal muscles and the liver were collected to determine the tissue content of triglycerides (TG). In addition, the right femur was collected to determine biometric, biomechanical, biophysical and biochemical parameters. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance up to three ways (time, CR and ovariectomy) and Newman-Keuls post-hoc with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05) and presented as mean±standard deviation. Over the 12 weeks, ovariectomy led to an increase in body mass and food consumption (p <0.001) and in the absolute mass of subcutaneous, peritoneal and perigonadal adipose tissue (p <0.01), while CR led to a significant decrease in all these parameters (p <0.01). With regard to TG content, ovariectomy promoted an increase in the white and red gastrocnemius muscles (p <0.05), gluteus maximus and soleus muscles (p <0.01) and in the liver (p <0.01), while CR reduced it in the muscles (p <0.05), but did not affect the liver (p= 0.15). Ovariectomy led to a decrease in bone volume (p <0.05), bone density and mineral density (p <0.01) and mineral material (p <0.05), while CR did not affect bone volume (p= 0.90) and bone density (p= 0.24), but decreased mineral density and mineral material (p <0.05). Despite this, post-hoc data showed no significant difference in these parameters between the OVX and OVX-RC groups (p >0.05). Overall, 12 weeks of 20% CR was sufficient to reduce body mass and adiposity in animals under hypoestrogenism without leading to additional damage to bone tissue.
Aplicativos de celular para o automanejo da dor musculoesquelética: uma revisão sistemática de lojas online do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-07)
Ribeiro, Luiz Filipe Máximo
;
Camargo, Paula Rezende
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-4353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8323175631559099
Musculoskeletal pain, a common and disabling condition. In Brazil, the prevalence of chronic pain ranging from 45% to 97% having a significant social and economic impacts. Mobile health (mHealth) applications are showing potential for musculoskeletal pain treatment. Assessing their quality is crucial to guarantee safety and efficacy. This dissertation is composed of one study, presented as follows: Objectives: Systematically assess the availability of mobile health applications for patients with musculoskeletal pain in Brazilian online stores and evaluate them with Mobile Health App Rating Scale (MARS) scale. Methods: Searches at App Store and Google Play and were performed in December 2024. Only smartphones applications in Portuguese, with no restrictions of price, name or version, involving the self-management of musculoskeletal pain (including education, exercises, counseling or monitoring of patient health) were included. The quality of applications was assessed using MARS. Two reviews did the identification, screening and mHealth assessment, and a third review decided in cases that disagreements occurred. This systematic review was previously registered at PROSPERO (CRD42024626484). Results: Out of the 12,639 applications identified, 36 met the inclusion criteria (App Store = 5 and Google Play = 31). Out of a total, (41.5%) applications approach exercises, (26.4%) education and counseling, (15.1%) symptom tracking, (15.1%) notes/diary, and (1.9%) self-massage. The overall MARS score ranged from 2.75 to 4.39, and the overall mean score and standard deviation was 3.87 ± 0.28. Conclusion: The mHealth applications for self-management available in Brazilian stores are of acceptable quality and functionality. However, other studies are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of these mobile health applications to the self-management of pain.
Orchidaceae da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Parque do Zizo, Tapiraí, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-07)
Medeiros, Alexandre da Silva
;
Forster, Wellington
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578734661097463
;
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8799-5820
;
Capelo, Fiorella Fernanda Mazine
Orchidaceae is one of the two largest families of flowering plants in the world, with 28,000 species distributed across 736 genera, divided into five subfamilies: Apostasioideae Horan., Vanilloideae Kostel, Cypripedioideae Lindl. ex Endl., Orchidoideae A.A.Eaton, and Epidendroideae Szlach. In Brazil, there are approximately 2,683 species. Considering the scarcity of detailed taxonomic studies of the family in the Atlantic Forest and its high diversity and taxonomic complexity, the objective of this study is to prepare a checklist of the Orchidaceae species occurring in the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Parque do Zizo, one of the remaining areas of Dense Ombrophilous Forest in the state of São Paulo. The RPPN Parque do Zizo is located on the top of the Serra Paranapiacaba, in the southern region of the state of São Paulo, between the municipalities of São Miguel Arcanjo and Tapiraí, covering approximately 9,000 ha. The survey included the following steps: consulting the literature, field data collection through 15 expeditions, and analysis of specimens in herbaria. A total of 89 Orchidaceae species were recorded in the RPPN Parque do Zizo, belonging to 36 genera, namely: Acianthera (3 spp.), Anathallis (2 spp.), Barbosella (2 spp.), Bifrenaria (2 spp.), Bulbophyllum (1 sp.), Campylocentrum (2 spp.), Cattleya (2 spp.), Cirrhaea (1 sp.), Cleistes (1 sp.), Cyclopogon (1 sp.), Dichaea (2 spp.), Elleanthus (1 sp.), Encyclia (1 sp.), Epidendrum (8 spp.), Eurystyles (1 sp.), Gomesa (9 spp.), Grobya (1 sp.), Isochilus (1 sp.), Lankesterella (1 sp.), Maxillaria (8 spp.), Mesadenella (1 sp.), Microchilus (3 spp.), Octomeria (5 spp.), Pabstiella (9 spp.), Pelexia (1 sp.), Phymatidium (2 spp.), Polystachya (1 sp.), Promenaea (2 spp.), Prosthechea (3 spp.), Scaphyglottis (1 sp.), Specklinia (1 sp.), Stelis (5 spp.), Warrea (1 sp.), Xylobium (1 sp.), Zygopetalum (3 spp.), Zootrophium (1 sp.). These species are distributed across three subfamilies (Epidendroideae, Orchidoideae, and Vanilloideae), with the majority being epiphytic (94%), and the remaining being terrestrial (6%). Of the 89 Orchidaceae species sampled, 50 species are endemic to Brazil, with 47 species exclusive to the Atlantic Forest biome. Five species found in the area are listed as endangered. Gomesa albinoi is reported as a new occurrence for the state of São Paulo. Microchilus caraguatatubensis is the only species sampled that is endemic to São Paulo, and was first recorded outside its type locality (municipality of Caraguatatuba), contributing to the knowledge of the taxonomic diversity of Orchidaceae in Brazil. An identification key for the species, with photographic records of those occurring in RPPN Parque do Zizo, based on diagnostic characters, is provided. Seven families were sampled as forophytes and substrates of Orchidaceae in the area, with the most representative family being Myrtaceae, which had 6 species.
Formação de hidrogel de alginato de cálcio por congelamento e sua aplicação na captura de microplásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-07)
Oliveira, Rafael Vinicius de
;
Waldman, Walter Ruggeri
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2028197692453396
Employed in various sectors such as health and agriculture, hydrogels have been gaining prominence for their properties, especially for their high capacity to retain liquids without compromising their structure. Among the different polymers that can constitute hydrogels, alginate stands out in this study, a biopolymer extracted from brown algae. Alginate has the ability to gel when interacting with divalent ions, such as calcium ions. This interaction results in the formation of a calcium alginate hydrogel when there are adequate concentrations of both components involved. The studies presented in this dissertation propose an innovative technique for forming hydrogels at sub-gelling concentrations — concentrations where the hydrogel does not form at room temperature. The methodology developed is based on two main concepts: slow freezing and the ice-template technique. Slow freezing promotes an increase in the concentration of solutes in the medium, favoring the interaction between alginate and calcium ions, while the ice crystals formed perforate the hydrogel, giving the material a porous characteristic. The results obtained showed how the different concentrations of calcium and alginate interfere with hydrogel formation and raised some questions regarding the interactions of the components at sub-gelling concentrations. In addition to the efficiency of this methodology in producing irreversible hydrogels by freezing, its potential to capture particles, such as spray paint microplastics, was demonstrated, something unprecedented so far. With the studies carried out, it is expected to offer a new perspective on hydrogels, opening paths for future research, enhancing the understanding of the use of hydrogels, and the scalability of the technique.
A criança com transtorno do espectro autista na educação infantil: análise das práticas pedagógicas e interações sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-07)
Foratini, Larah
;
Cia, Fabiana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5999108571365402
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-3331
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2147302720486879
This study aimed to (a) analyze the pedagogical practices of preschool teachers in the classroom and (b) describe the interactions established between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), teachers, and peers. To achieve these objectives, the research adopted a descriptive methodological approach, based on systematic observations conducted over a period of two months, which included 17 meetings, as well as semi-structured interviews with each of the participating teachers. The instruments used consisted of (a) a semi-structured interview guide for the teachers; (b) an observation guide; and (c) a field diary. Two preschool educators participated in the investigation, identified as P1 and P2, who had children diagnosed with ASD in their classrooms, designated as C1 and C2. The results obtained demonstrated significant variability in the pedagogical practices adopted by the different teachers, as well as in the manifestations of ASD observed in each child, highlighting the need for a careful and differentiated approach to the specificities of each student. The teachers, despite having a range of training, emphasized the urgency of more comprehensive continuing education regarding ASD. There was a noticeable lack of individualized planning for children with ASD, as well as a pressing need for investment in strategies that facilitate interaction between these children and their typically developing peers. The observed children exhibited, in addition to typical characteristics of ASD, behaviors common to their developmental stage, such as tantrums and interpersonal conflicts, which further underscores the need to explore more suitable pedagogical practices for each case. Although they demonstrated autonomy in academic aspects, the observations indicated the necessity for interventions that align with the interests and needs of these children. This research highlights the importance of future studies that expand the investigated sample and aim to analyze comprehensively how educational inclusion is occurring in different contexts. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for reflection on investments in the continuing education of educators, aiming to improve the pedagogical practices developed with children with ASD and deepen discussions about inclusive education.
Uso de RPAS no monitoramento de restauração florestal: acurácia posicional de produtos RGB e LiDAR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-10)
Dorth, Melodie Kern Sarubo
;
Molin, Paulo Guilherme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1529819650942373
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-935X
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7754469716618696
Due to global changes driven by greenhouse gas emissions and land use alterations, the conservation and restoration of forest ecosystems are essential to mitigate these impacts through carbon sequestration, biodiversity protection, and the provision of ecosystem services. In this context, accessible and cost-effective monitoring technologies—such as the use of drones and sensors—emerge as promising alternatives to complement field data collection and reduce associated costs. However, several challenges remain, particularly regarding the positional quality of geospatial data, which necessitates strategies such as optimizing data acquisition timing, selecting appropriate techniques, sensors, and flight parameters, as well as implementing control points to correct geometric distortions and enhance spatial accuracy. Additionally, limitations of the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and the lack of accuracy information underscore the need for complementary measures to improve the reliability of geospatial surveys. This thesis aimed to evaluate the positional accuracy of RGB (Red-Green-Blue) and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) products, considering the integration of ground control points (GCPs) during data processing. To meet this objective, the first stage involved the establishment of the Cepegeo Network, comprising fifteen geodetic control points across diverse environments, surveyed using conventional topographic and geodetic methods. The collected data were adjusted and compiled into descriptive reports. In the second stage, GNSS methodologies were evaluated based on tracking duration and environmental scenarios, including areas adjacent to forests and more challenging environments, such as near water bodies or buildings. The analysis revealed that the relative static and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques (with a minimum tracking time of 30 minutes) achieved accuracies ranging from 10.1 to 30 cm in open areas and low-density forests. In dense forests, accuracy decreased, ranging from 50.1 to 80 cm, highlighting the canopy's impact on signal quality. Regarding vertical accuracy, none of the GNSS methodologies achieved results compatible with geodetic adjustments. Among them, the relative static technique delivered the best performance in terms of positional precision and reliability, establishing itself as the most effective for surveys under varied conditions. The third stage focused on assessing the accuracy of products generated by RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) equipped with RGB and LiDAR sensors over a forest restoration site. A total of 90 control points, both horizontal and vertical, were established using dual-frequency GNSS receivers, total stations, and differential leveling. Subsequent drone flights were conducted using RGB and LiDAR-equipped systems, and the data were processed in commercial software platforms utilizing their open-access tools. For the RGB-derived data, orthomosaics and digital elevation models were generated with varying numbers of GCPs. Results indicated that RGB product accuracy was rated as “optimal” when four GCPs were used, while the inclusion of more than 50 GCPs led to overfitting, resulting in reduced accuracy in certain areas. Regarding the LiDAR products, point cloud classification and canopy height model generation were performed. Planimetric analysis revealed an average horizontal displacement of 1.2 meters when data were processed without RTK base station corrections, along with minor deformations in the central area of the model. The evaluation of vertical accuracy suggested that the positional quality of LiDAR data cannot be considered absolute, given the variations introduced by sensor-software interactions, particularly in geotag correction processes. This research presents an innovative approach by evaluating the accuracy of products generated by RGB and LiDAR sensors, as well as analyzing the accuracy of the control points themselves used to enhance product precision. The integration of RPAS with these sensors, in conjunction with geodetic GCPs and advanced processing techniques, proved to be an effective strategy for mapping and analyzing forest restoration areas. The careful selection and balanced distribution of GCPs, along with RTK-based corrections, are critical to ensuring high positional quality. Although challenges such as GCP oversaturation and LiDAR data adjustments require meticulous planning, the combined use of these technologies enhances the efficiency and robustness of environmental surveys. Further research is recommended, including varying flight altitudes and the deployment of more advanced sensors—particularly for LiDAR—as well as the use of premium software versions to further improve the outcomes.
Cinzas de caldeira: revisão, caracterização e oportunidades de aproveitamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-10)
Resende, Rafaela da Silva
;
Yamaji, Fábio Minoru
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2628430849402422
;
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0718-5903
The increasing generation of ashes derived from biomass combustion presents both environmental and industrial challenges, requiring strategies for their management and reuse. This study investigated their physicochemical characteristics, sources, and potential applications to promote sustainable alternatives. A literature review was conducted on the influence of combustion technologies on ash composition and its environmental implications. Additionally, a bibliometric analysis was performed to map the progress of scientific production in the field, identifying trends, leading researchers, and prominent journals. The systematic review revealed that most studies focus on the use of fly ash in construction materials, while other possibilities, such as agricultural applications and industrial processes, remain less explored. Simultaneously, the experimental characterization of different types of biomass ashes enabled the assessment of their physical and chemical properties, distinguishing between fly ash and bottom ash. The results showed significant variability in the analyzed parameters, with fly ash exhibiting lower density (435.9 kg/m³) and moisture content (6%, wet basis), while bottom ash had a higher residual carbon content (41.23%), suggesting incomplete combustion. The chemical composition revealed significant concentrations of silica, phosphorus, and potassium, highlighting their potential for agricultural and industrial applications, although the presence of heavy metals (Mn and Zn) may pose environmental risks. The bibliometric analysis indicated significant growth in research on ashes in recent years, with a higher concentration of studies focused on engineering and materials science, while topics such as environmental impact, economic feasibility, and regulation still require further exploration. Moreover, most experiments are conducted on a laboratory scale, without considering operational challenges for large-scale implementation. In conclusion, despite advancements in knowledge about biomass ashes, gaps remain that need to be addressed to ensure their safe and efficient use. Investments in research focused on standardization, life cycle analysis, and environmental impacts are essential to expand reuse possibilities and mitigate the damages caused by improper disposal.
Análise de distribuição espaço-temporal da neblina no Litoral Norte do Parque Estadual Serra do Mar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-12)
Chaverri, Andrés Gabriel Arguedas
;
Toppa, Rogério Hartung
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729
;
Tonello, Kelly Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
Fog detection has been widely studied for decades, both for its ecological significance and its various impacts on human activities. While substantial advances have been made in satellite-based detection methodologies, knowledge gaps persist in understanding fog formation patterns in different regions worldwide. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of fog in the Northern Coast of the Serra do Mar State Park (PESM), São Paulo. The research is structured into three chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review on fog and low-stratus (FLS) detection using satellite imagery. The second chapter investigates changes in fog frequency over time by developing an algorithm based on MODIS satellite data within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The third chapter characterizes the fog formation process and its spatial distribution within the study area, analyzing the topographic and climatic variables influencing this phenomenon. The literature review highlighted a recent trend in publications focusing on fog forecasting methods over marine environments and spatiotemporal patterns in ecosystems vulnerable to climate change. The fog frequency analysis revealed an increase during winter, with potential contributing factors discussed, along with their impact on local hydrological processes. In the third chapter, results indicated that fog in the study area is predominantly orographic, driven by the interaction between irregular topography, temperature, and wind patterns. This increase is potentially linked to climate change and the role of native forests in maintaining humidity and enhancing fog formation. Wind patterns, terrain heterogeneity, and land surface temperature (LST) in forested areas create a favorable environment for fog development, particularly of the orographic type.
Urban landscape resilience: integrating natural areas with urban planning
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-12)
Ribeiro, Marina
;
Mello, Kaline de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974531968891537
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3042
;
Valente, Roberta Averna
As urbanization accelerates rapidly, projections indicate that by 2050, four out of every five people will live in cities, underscoring the urgent need to mitigate environmental impacts while promoting sustainable urban development. Cities, responsible for around 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions, are both vulnerable to climate change and essential to addressing it. Recent climate-related disasters, such as floods and heatwaves, exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities, disproportionately impacting vulnerable populations. Confronting these challenges necessitates integrated solutions encouraging green, inclusive, and resilient urban growth. Green infrastructure, a nature-based solution, has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing cities' climate resilience while delivering multiple social, ecological, and economic benefits. This thesis investigates green infrastructure planning to optimize ecosystem services and its benefits for urban communities. Using the municipality of Sorocaba as a case study, the main objective was to develop a spatial model to identify priority areas for implementing green infrastructure, addressing themes like biodiversity, flood mitigation, temperature regulation, and social wellbeing. Additionally, the thesis aimed to explore urban planning scenario simulations, examining plausible futures for 2030 and 2050. The research hypothesis posits that spatial modeling can pinpoint priority areas by integrating natural and social systems amid the complexities of urban environments. The results highlight spatial trade-offs and synergies in identifying priority areas for urban multi-ecosystem services, emphasizing the importance of a well-connected green infrastructure network to enhance its multifunctionality and promote equitable access to green spaces, especially in areas with socio-spatial inequalities. The research also analyzed future urban growth scenarios, demonstrating how compact urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of unchecked sprawl and strengthen urban resilience, promoting sustainability, inclusion, and environmental justice.
Incêndios na Mata Atlântica: seletividade em diferentes ambientes e impactos na diversidade de aves
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-13)
Adorno, Bruno Faria da Cunha Barbosa
;
Ribeiro, Milton Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4158685235743119
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-202X
;
Piratelli, Augusto João
Wildfires are becoming an increasingly common disturbance in tropical forests, driven by the intensification of human activities and climate change. In this context, understanding fire patterns and its impacts on biological communities is critical to informing effective management and conservation strategies. This PhD thesis tackles these issues within the Atlantic Forest biome through two main chapters. In the first chapter, published in the Journal of Environmental Management, I explored how fire interacts with different land-use and land-cover types over a 35-year period (1987–2022). By analyzing data from more than 40,000 fires, I found that secondary forests are the most fire-prone environments, while old-growth forests are the least susceptible, demonstrating their remarkable resilience to fire. One particularly striking result was the reduced fire selectivity in secondary forests over time, suggesting that as ecological succession progresses, these forests become increasingly resistant to fire. The second chapter, submitted to the Journal of Applied Ecology, investigates how fire affects bird communities in the Atlantic Forest. I focused on how fire influences species composition and diversity—both taxonomic and functional—while also examining how landscape and fire characteristics shape these responses. The findings showed that, overall, fire did not significantly alter the composition or diversity of bird communities. However, species richness was positively linked to vegetation productivity, and functional diversity was influenced by fire size. Together, these two chapters provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between fire, landscapes, and biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. The results highlight the need for public policies and management strategies that are tailored to local conditions, such as forest restoration initiatives and fire-smart management practices. These actions are essential for addressing the increasing threat of wildfires and preserving the biodiversity of this critically endangered biome.
Métodos de inferência para modelos de regressão aplicados a dados sorológicos de pacientes HIV+ com múltiplos níveis de censura à esquerda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Felix, Matheus Henrique
;
Vieira, Afrânio Márcio Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2859528672308405
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-6377
;
Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
In this study, the focus is on data that exhibit the occurrence of left-censoring. This type of censoring occurs when the exact time of the event is unknown, but it is known to have occurred before the recorded time. A common example is in the analysis of serological laboratory data, which directly impacts decision-making by physicians, researchers, and other related specialists. Most published studies explore cross-sectional designs, where only one level of censoring is considered. However, occurrences of multiple left-censored measurements at different levels for a single patient are quite common when monitoring a patient's health over time. The same applies to tests conducted in different laboratories, as equipment varies, resulting in different censoring levels. Currently, researchers in the clinical field often exclude such data from their analyses. From a regression perspective, it is essential to adequately model the influence of time, factors, and/or covariates on viral load, as well as the correlation between repeated measurements for the same patient. These aspects are crucial for ensuring reliable statistical inferences, both in clinical trials and in observational cohort or case-control studies. In this context, the objective of this work is to present an appropriate methodology for handling data with multiple levels of left-censoring, particularly assuming Weibull and Log-Normal distributions, applied to real viral load data from HIV-infected patients.
Efeitos do contaminante emergente nonilfenol etoxilado (NPE) em múltiplos biomarcadores em girinos de rã-touro (Aquarana catesbeiana) sob o cenário do aquecimento global
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Gonçalves, Yan Costa
;
Monteiro, Diana Amaral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-6673
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4296128053314097
The global decline in amphibian populations has been extensively documented and is attributed to a complex interplay of environmental factors. Among these, chemical pollution from emerging contaminants, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), combined with the increase in surface water temperatures due to climate change, stands out. These factors, acting synergistically, may exacerbate the significant decline in amphibian species. NPE, a surfactant widely used in the formulation of sanitary, hygienic and agrochemical products, has frequently been detected in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems at alarming concentrations, exceeding international regulations. Despite its environmental relevance, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the sublethal effects of NPE on amphibians, particularly under thermal stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the sublethal effects of acute exposure (48 h) to an environmentally relevant concentration of NPE (30 µg L-1) on Aquarana catesbeiana tadpoles at Gosner stage 25, under two distinct thermal conditions (25°C and 30°C), as well as to evaluate the interaction between these factors (NPE × temperature). Multiple biomarkers were analyzed: biometric indices (Fulton’s condition factor [K], hepatosomatic index [HSI], and relative ventricular mass [RVM]), physiological biomarkers (heart rate [fH], ventricular contraction force [Fc], cardiac pumping capacity [CPC], contraction rate [+dF/dt], and relaxation rate [-dF/dt]), biochemical biomarkers (activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]; reduced glutathione content [GSH]; levels of lipid peroxidation [LPO] and protein carbonylation [PC] in hepatic, branchial, and muscular tissues), and neurotoxic biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity in the brain and muscle). Exposure to NPE induced hepatotoxic effects (reduction in HSI and antioxidant defenses), cardiotoxic effects (reductions in RVM, Fc, +dF/dt, and -dF/dt), tachycardia, alterations in the antioxidant defense system, and oxidative stress in the gills and muscle, as well as inhibition of muscular AChE. The increase in temperature intensified the negative inotropic effect, depleted branchial antioxidant defenses, and exacerbated oxidative stress in the liver and muscle, in addition to causing central neurotoxicity. These results indicate that in environments contaminated with NPE, rising temperatures associated with climate change may aggravate the sublethal effects of NPE, even after short-term exposure. The absence of regulations for safe NPE concentrations in Brazilian legislation, coupled with global warming, represents a critical threat to biodiversity, particularly for amphibians, highlighting the urgent need for environmental guidelines and mitigation strategies.
Trivialidade topológica relativa de família de funções
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Figueira, Vitor de Moraes
;
Tomazella, João Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0051564735964760
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2500-0886
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6307066011187330
In this work, we investigate the C^0-\mathcal{R}_X-triviality of families of germs h : (\mathbb{C}^n \times \mathbb{C}, 0) \to (\mathbb{C}, 0), extending the classical \mathcal{R}-equivalence to the context of the group \mathcal{R}_X, which preserves an analytic subvariety (X,0). We analyze sufficient conditions for topological triviality based on the integral closure of the tangent space to the group \mathcal{R}_X, with a particular focus on deformations in quasi-homogeneous varieties. We also study the constancy of the Bruce-Roberts number, \mu_{BR}, in families of functions with isolated singularities.
Energias renováveis e mudanças climáticas - Uma jornada de convergências domésticas e internacionais? Análise da promoção da agenda de transição energética no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Picchi, Livia
;
Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869018482093008
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0932023056754406
The presente work comprises a comprehensive approach to analyzing the issue os energy, trough a political perspective. The objective is to investigate and map the international and domestic factors that motivated the formulation of public policies to encourage energy generation from renewable sources in Brazil, as well as the actors and arenas, analyzing the influence of international guidelines and international cooperation agréments that deals with renewable energy and mapping the trajectory of policies enacted on the subject by each presidente, in a period rangin from the 1990s to 2016. To this end, two types of sources are used in research, primary and secondary. The list os primary sources will include a study of a oficial documents prepared and made available by the Brazilian State with the Federal Government as its main focus, as well as publications from international organizations, thus prioriziting multi-method analysis, wich includes historical and documents. It is evident that the dissemination of renewable energy as na important tool for guaranteeing energy security in Brazil i salso shaped, according to aspects that consider the opportunity to confront economic and environmental issues, in order to respond to demand inherent to national development and external projection of Brazil as an important “global player” on the international scene, with a focus on energy transition, in a contexto of the rise of international multilateral efforts, especially since the 1990s, to face demands related to climate change. In addition, in terms of results as the domestic level, it is noted that government agenda relating to the sector is quite diverse and that priorities fluctuate considerably over the Years, with periods of adjustments, as well as significant changes depending on each government. It i salso identified that “non-traditional” renewable energies gain prominence in the PT´s governments, while in the Collor, Itamar and Cardoso governments, priorities are focused almost exclusively on water sources. Furthermore, it is argued that between 1990 and 2016 the energy sector had two distinct policy images, one during the Cardoso governments and the others during the PT governments. From this perspective, the set of elements Around two factors, the 2001-2002 energy crisis, and Lula´s election makes the sector´s image change, as well as enabling the processo f diversification of the Brazilian eletrical matriz and the entry of issues relating to renewable energy on the government agenda, both nationally and internationally.
Efeitos do contaminante emergente nonilfenol etoxilado (NPE) em múltiplos biomarcadores em girinos de rã-touro (Aquarana catesbeiana) sob o cenário do aquecimento global
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-14)
Gonçalves, Yan Costa
;
Monteiro, Diana Amaral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-6673
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4296128053314097
The global decline in amphibian populations has been extensively documented and is attributed to a complex interplay of environmental factors. Among these, chemical pollution from emerging contaminants, such as nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE), combined with the increase in surface water temperatures due to climate change, stands out. These factors, acting synergistically, may exacerbate the significant decline in amphibian species. NPE, a surfactant widely used in the formulation of sanitary products, has frequently been detected in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems at alarming concentrations, exceeding international regulations. Despite its environmental relevance, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the sublethal effects of NPE on amphibians, particularly under thermal stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the sublethal effects of acute exposure (48 h) to an environmentally relevant concentration of NPE (30 µg L-1) on Aquarana catesbeiana tadpoles at Gosner stage 25, under two distinct thermal conditions (25°C and 30°C), as well as to evaluate the interaction between these factors (NPE × temperature). Multiple biomarkers were analyzed: biometric indices (Fulton’s condition factor [K], hepatosomatic index [HSI], and relative ventricular mass [RVM]), physiological biomarkers (heart rate [fH], ventricular contraction force [Fc], cardiac pumping capacity [CPC], contraction rate [+dF/dt], and relaxation rate [-dF/dt]), biochemical biomarkers (activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]; reduced glutathione content [GSH]; levels of lipid peroxidation [LPO] and protein carbonylation [PC] in hepatic, branchial, and muscular tissues), and neurotoxic biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase [AChE] activity in the brain and muscle). Exposure to NPE induced hepatotoxic effects (reduction in HSI and antioxidant defenses), cardiotoxic effects (reductions in RVM, Fc, +dF/dt, and -dF/dt), tachycardia, alterations in the antioxidant defense system, and oxidative stress in the gills and muscle, as well as inhibition of muscular AChE. The increase in temperature intensified the negative inotropic effect, depleted branchial antioxidant defenses, and exacerbated oxidative stress in the liver and muscle, in addition to causing central neurotoxicity. These results indicate that in environments contaminated with NPE, rising temperatures associated with climate change may aggravate the sublethal effects of NPE, even after short-term exposure. The absence of regulations for safe NPE concentrations in Brazilian legislation, coupled with global warming, represents a critical threat to biodiversity, particularly for amphibians, highlighting the urgent need for environmental guidelines and mitigation strategies.
De Comenius a Freire: uma revisão bibliográfica da evolução da didática para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental na BNCC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-03-18)
Messiano, Paola Aparecida Ferreira
;
Rodrigues, Rafaela Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5137767485570081
;
Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
This paper revisits classical didactic theories with the aim of understanding their influence on current educational practices, particularly in the context of the Brazilian National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) and Primary Education. The research analyzes the contributions of historical educators such as Comenius, Rousseau, Dewey, the new school movement, and Paulo Freire, exploring the applicability of their ideas in the contemporary educational landscape. Although the BNCC primarily focuses on technical and curricular aspects, the study proposes a critical reflection on the integration of classical pedagogical theories within the Brazilian educational system. By emphasizing the importance of grounding pedagogical practices in solid theoretical foundations, the research suggests that the ideas of classical didactics continue to provide relevant theoretical support for promoting a more critical, reflective, and transformative education. Finally, the paper invites education professionals to reconsider their practices, seeking a balance between theoretical traditions and contemporary demands.