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O controle externo das polícias pelo Ministério Público: uma análise sociológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-16) Paulo, Bruno Giovannini de; Sinhoretto, Jacqueline; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0828915669129703
This dissertation examined the constitutional mandate of external oversight of the police by the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Brazil (CEAP). Its objective was to analyze and understand how this oversight has been implemented in practice, as well as to investigate whether the violence and selectivity identified in the police's conflict management activities have been addressed by prosecutorial action. The theoretical framework was based on the concept of the field of crime control developed by Garland (2008) and Sinhoretto (2020), along with the strategies identified by Sinhoretto that traverse this field. The methodology employed was qualitative in nature, grounded in the analysis of official documents and interviews. The empirical focus encompassed two geographically proximate regions located in different federative units—Triângulo Mineiro and Noroeste Paulista—which enabled a comparative understanding of distinct organizational contexts. The findings revealed a range of challenges to the effective exercise of CEAP, including lack of institutional infrastructure, resistance from police corporations, and the individual and institutional interests of Public Prosecutor’s Office members. Based on these findings, the research proposed several measures to enhance CEAP: the establishment of specialized prosecutorial units with functional autonomy; a revision of the performance metrics of the Public Prosecutor’s Office; a more assertive role for the National Council of the Public Prosecutor’s Office; expanded civil society participation; reform of prosecutors’ training; the transfer of jurisdiction over crimes committed by military police officers to the ordinary judiciary; and the gradual demilitarization of law enforcement agencies. Finally, the study acknowledged that, despite being marked by contradictions and institutional resistance, the field of external police oversight presents fissures that may be strategically leveraged by actors committed to the protection of fundamental rights.
O livro didático como ator principal do aparelhamento ideológico do estado no governo de Getúlio Vargas (1930-1945)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-16) Sampaio, Igor Calimam; Bittar, Marisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3059723520472948; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0534218666705494
This dissertation analyzes the role of the textbook as an instrument of power of the authoritarian State during the Getúlio Vargas government (1930-1945). The research investigates how the educational legislation of that period, mainly the reforms of Francisco Campos and Capanema, and the National Textbook Committee, established control over the content and historical narrative present in the textbooks. The analysis reveals that the textbooks of the Vargas period constructed a historical narrative that legitimized the authoritarian State-Nation project, exalting the figure of Vargas, glorifying the national past, and silencing dissenting voices. Furthermore, the research points out the influence of Giovanni Gentile's thought and the support of the Brazilian intelligentsia for the authoritarian educational project. The dissertation also discusses the remnants of Vargas's authoritarianism in contemporary Brazilian education and the importance of critical training for teachers and students.
Tecnologias aplicadas em sistema de gestão ambiental: um modelo utilizando conceitos de economia circular em cadeias de suprimentos sustentáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-16) Barbosa, Milton Augusto; Carmo, Janaina Braga do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-9880; Sabonaro, Débora Zumkeller; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0909810882585982; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8604-7712; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9701704335771486; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4808-2761
The successive agendas of the United Nations Organization for Global Sustainable Development seek sustainability and quality of life for human beings, balancing the environmental, social and economic pillars, projecting that future generations can continue to consume resources, products and services respecting the limits of planet Earth. Thus, knowing that industrial manufacturing processes and, consequently, the disorderly consumption of products and services generate adverse impacts on planet Earth, countries need to put projects and goals into action to achieve global sustainability. Thus, some goals can be achieved with the application of Technologies in Environmental Management Systems (EMS) using Circular Economy (CE) concepts in Sustainable Supply Chains (SSC). Innovating and contributing to reduce adverse impacts, this thesis aims to demonstrate the application of technologies for sustainability and propose an EMS model based on EC pillars in SSC, with the support of declarative software, from the conception of the product/service development to the end of the product/service life cycle. The methods and materials developed were applied bibliographic research and methodological research with interventionist investigation. The research results present several opportunities for studies in I4.0 technologies to be applied by similarity in the environmental area, deepen the knowledge of the actions necessary for the real application of CE, provide the use of information for environmental education with CE principles, develop knowledge for society, government and companies to jointly develop CE legislation, create opportunities for analysis and application of EMS model based on CE pillars, enable the development, through professional multidisciplinary, the use of digital to support EMS, integration of technologies in sustainable supply chains for continuous improvement of processes and validation of software for analysis of environmental aspects and impacts with circular actions in supply chains.
Presença de arsênio no solo, pastagem e equinos no manejo de Urochloa decumbens com herbicida MSMA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-06-16) Duarte, Mario; Carmo, Janaina Braga do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-9880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5363869399339198; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9937-290X
Brazil has the third-largest horse population (Equus caballus) in the world, with approximately 5.8 million animals. The diet of these horses is predominantly composed of subtropical grasses, particularly cultivars of the Cynodon genus, with “Coastcross-1” being the most popular. However, pastures are often infested by the invasive plant Brachiaria decumbens (Urochloa decumbens), which horses tend to avoid during grazing, contributing to pasture degradation. A practical and effective strategy for controlling invasive plants, especially Brachiaria, is the use of selective herbicides. The herbicide MSMA (monosodium methylarsonate) is widely used to control invasive plants in sugarcane fields. Although MSMA is not officially recommended for use in pastures, it is frequently employed to control Brachiaria in grazing areas and hay production systems. MSMA is an organoarsenic herbicide with a mechanism of action that is not yet fully understood. It is classified as moderately toxic (Category III) and hazardous to the environment (Environmental Risk Class III). Once applied, MSMA degrades into four arsenic species with varying degrees of toxicity: arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid. MSMA has the potential to introduce arsenic into the soil and plants. The toxicity of arsenic is primarily due to its ability to inhibit cellular metabolism, compromising the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in addition to its carcinogenic and teratogenic properties. The hypothesis of this thesis is that the use of an organoarsenic herbicide in pasture contaminates the soil, plants, and animals with the element arsenic. The objective was to determine whether the application of this herbicide was a determining factor in increasing arsenic levels in the environment and in horses. Two areas of 25,000 m² each were studied (one treated with MSMA and one control), along with 16 horses—8 grazed in the MSMA area and 8 in the control area. The MSMA dose applied was 3.59 kg/ha. Samples of soil, roots, and aerial parts of Brachiaria and Coastcross-1 were collected, as well as blood, urine, and hair samples from the animals. The results from the MSMA-treated area showed higher arsenic accumulation in Brachiaria (26.20 ppm ± 0.08) compared to Coastcross (12.66 ppm ± 2.94), with statistical significance (p<0.0001). Brachiaria accumulated 10.69 ppm (± 1.69) in the MSMA area versus 6.06 ppm (± 0.96) in the control area (p<0.0001). Coastcross accumulated 10.73 ppm (± 1.22) in the MSMA area versus 1.6 ppm (± 0.41) in the control area (p<0.0001). Soil samples did not show detectable levels of arsenic. Horses grazing in MSMA-treated pastures (MSMA group) exhibited higher arsenic levels in blood (1.67 ppm ± 0.047) compared to the control group (1.35 ppm ± 0.0531) (p<0.05). In urine, arsenic levels were 1.62 ppm (± 0.189) in the MSMA group versus 1.195 ppm (± 0.111) in the control group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in arsenic levels in the hair between treated and control animals. The results demonstrate that the use of MSMA herbicide in pastures promotes significant arsenic accumulation in forage plants and in the horses that consume them, posing a potential risk to animal health and food safety.