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Uma experiência docente: o impacto das resoluções da SEDUC-SP (2021-2024) no cotidiano escolar de três escolas periféricas na cidade de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Oliveira, Douglas Silva de; Mariano, Neusa de Fátima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
This study aims to analyze the impacts of the resolutions and regulations implemented by the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo (SEDUC-SP) between 2021 and 2024 on the state public schools E.E. Zélia Dulce de Campos Maia, E.E. Monsenhor João Soares, and E.E. Diógenes de Almeida Marins, located in peripheral regions of the city of Sorocaba. Although presented as innovative and important for the teaching and learning process, they ended up deepening challenges in the school routine, highlighting a clear gap between the State’s discourse and the reality of the schools, especially in peripheral areas, resulting in teacher overload, loss of pedagogical autonomy, and difficulties in student engagement, compromising the quality of education and affecting the school’s transformative role and collective purpose. Thus, the research adopts a qualitative approach, based on the author's direct experience as a teacher, combined with documentary analysis of SEDUC-SP and direct observation in school environments. This methodology enabled a critical analysis of the objectives established by the regulations and the concrete effects observed in the school routine, clearly showing the ineffectiveness of these measures in light of the challenges faced by public education. Among the main obstacles observed are the accumulation of technical tasks, the precariousness of remote learning, pressure for results in standardized assessments, and the growing dependence on private digital platforms. This created a school environment marked by control and competition, devaluing the role of the teacher and the critical development of students. The research, therefore, argues for the need to review these educational policies, promoting dialogue with the school community and valuing the protagonism of teachers and students for a fairer, more participatory education that is more aligned with the reality in which it is embedded.
Juvenilização na EJA: análise das pesquisas e desafios no período de 2017 a 2024
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Breda, Giovana Franzo; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-5800; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9553268359678862; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7821-9751
Historically, Youth and Adult Education (EJA) was designed to serve individuals who, for various reasons, did not have access to or were unable to complete basic education at the appropriate age. However, over the years, there has been a significant increase in the presence of young people in this modality, configuring the phenomenon of juvenilization — the central focus of this study. Using the methodology of the state of knowledge, a bibliographic review was conducted within the time frame of 2017 to 2024, examining recent academic productions on this phenomenon and its pedagogical, social, and political implications, in order to contribute to the understanding of the current scenario of YAE and to foster academic debate on the topic. The analysis begins with the historical trajectory of YAE in Brazil, discussing its development through historical processes, political disputes, and social contexts. The study then deepens the debate on the concept of youth and its relationship with the school system, culminating in the analysis of the pedagogical and social implications of the youth presence in EJA.
Imóveis não utilizados e a aplicação do Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios (PEUC) em São José do Rio Preto-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Silva, Luis Filipe Costa da; Melo, Rose Elaine Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602449876992473; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3905-1153; Miyasaka, Elza Luli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8353923902800804; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-9672; Brasileiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5902618219165645; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6333-5796
Contextualization: Identifying vacant buildings that do not fulfill their social functions in urban areas is essential for directing urban management strategies focused on combating property vacancy. Compulsory, Subdivision, Building and Utilization of land (CSBU) is the fundamental urban policy instrument focused on combating this phenomenon, as provided for in the Federal Constitution and the City Statute. Justification: The 2022 Demographic Census recorded a 150% increase in the number of vacant homes in the Municipality since the 2010 Census. 13% of homes in the Municipality are vacant. Purpose: This research proposes to identify vacant buildings, subject to application of the Compulsory, Subdivision, Building and Utilization of land (CSBU) instrument in São José do Rio Preto-SP, in order to encourage the fulfillment of the social function of vacant urban property. Materials and Method: The Methodology for Identification of Potentially Vacant Properties (MIPVP) was adopted as a parameter to identify properties on a neighborhood scale, through using of seven variables that formed the Multicriteria Vacancy Index (MVI), in very high, high and low to medium vacancy, which supported field survey and identification of properties subject to CSBU application. Results and discussions: The spatialization of the parameters adopted in the construction of the MVI, prepared based on the survey, analysis and systematization of data, made it possible identify 57,65% of the neighborhoods in the municipality to be classified as low to medium property vacancy, 30,75% as highly property vacancy and 11,60% as very highly property vacancy. The Central Macroregion had the largest number of neighborhoods in the very highly property vacancy category, with 33 neighborhoods, corresponding to 5,55% of the total neighborhoods in the municipality. The field survey identified, in the Central Macroregion, that 36% of the neighborhoods investigated have 1 to 6,7% of their buildings considered vacants, 40% have 6,7 to 12,3% of their buildings vacants, and 24% have 12,3 to 18% of their buildings vacants. Regarding vacancy, 26% of neighborhoods have 0 to 33% of their buildings vacant for two years or more, 30% of neighborhoods have 33 to 67% of their buildings vacant for two years or more, and 44% of neighborhoods have 67 to 100% of their buildings vacant for two years or more. Regarding the applicability of CSBU, 08 neighborhoods were classified as low priority or third stage of application, 09 neighborhoods as medium priority or second stage of application, and 13 neighborhoods as high priority or first stage of application of CSBU. Conclusions: It is concluded that the use of MIPVP in São José do Rio Preto has achieved significant advances in identifying vacant buildings since the construction of the MVI until the field survey and demarcation of neighborhoods with buildings eligible for the application of CSBU. Its also importante to note that the scale of the data is essential to ensure that vacant buildings effectively. The closer the scale of the data is to the property, the more effective the use of MIPMP will be for applying CSBU.
Avaliação da dinâmica de impressora 3D com tecnologia fused filament fabrication (FFF): uma investigação baseada em testes de vibração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Corradini, Vitor; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7716686900465106
This work investigated the influence of mechanical vibrations in the FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) 3D printing process by comparing the operating frequencies and resonance frequencies of the main structural components of a 3D printer. Spectral analysis, based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), was applied to data obtained from both impact tests and recordings made during the printing of test specimens with different operational parameters. The adopted methodology involved the systematic variation of print speed, infill density, and infill pattern, totaling 27 experimental combinations. Additionally, accelerometers were used to record the dynamic response in three main regions of the printer: print bed, extruder head, and vertical structure. The obtained data were processed in a MATLAB environment, allowing for direct comparison between the resonance and operational frequency ranges. The results from the impact tests showed specific resonance peaks for each machine component, highlighting the importance of selecting the hammer tip material for signal quality. In the operational analysis, it was observed that the highest vibration amplitudes occurred during calibration, nozzle cleaning, and the printing of the first layer. Furthermore, even with operating frequencies approaching resonance frequencies, the printer functioned without issues. The RMS value analysis identified test specimen number 8 (50 mm/s, 20\% infill density, and gyroid infill pattern) as having the highest vibration levels in the extruder head and print bed, although without causing any damage to the machine. This study fills a gap in the literature by directly correlating printing parameters with the vibrational behavior of a commercial 3D printer, providing valuable insights for process optimization and part quality.
Captura de CO2 em blocos de concreto por meio da cura carbônica e aplicabilidade industrial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Fortunato, Lívia Regueira; Neves Júnior, Alex; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8587525595571228; Parsekian, Guilherme Aris; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7798651726059215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582437787794279; Ghiasi, Bahman; Damineli, Bruno Luis; Possan, Edna; Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725997260029861; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0581995805825838; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763
To minimize the effects of global warming, global CO2 emissions should be reduced by 45% by the year 2030. If nothing is done, by 2100 the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere should increase by 41 to 158% compared to current levels, reaching values ranging from 535 to 985 ppm. In this scenario, the cement industry, responsible for up to 8% of global emissions, can contribute by implementing CO2 capture and storage technology, which will be responsible for reducing CO2 emissions in the sector by up to 56% by 2050. One way to capture and store CO2 is through carbonic curing of non reinforced cementitious material. In the carbonation reaction, carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts mainly with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and hydrated calcium silicates (C–S–H), mineralizing in the form of CaCO3, such as calcite, vaterite and aragonite. The literature shows that the precipitation of CaCO3 in the pores of the cementitious material alters the porosity, increasing the density and promoting the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the material, in addition to contributing to the environment by definitively incorporating CO2 in the form of stable minerals. In this research, the aim is to perform carbonic curing in concrete blocks, choosing this cementitious material because it is made from a dry, unreinforced concrete mix, whose geometry of narrow and hollow walls tends to promote greater diffusivity of CO2 inside the piece. Concrete blocks and samples extracted from these respective blocks with 4 MPa and 16 MPa will be used in order to verify the axial compression resistance of the blocks and samples, obtaining the correlation factor between them. A carbonation chamber will also be built to perform the treatment with CO2 for 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours and 16 hours. The percentage of CO2 captured will be evaluated through the thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry tests. Working with concrete blocks, the objective is to develop and apply a methodology for the capture, storage and use of carbon in a full-scale industry, also carrying out a technical feasibility study for the implementation of carbonic curing with CO2 in concrete block factories in the greater São Paulo region - SP.
Produção de lipídios em Chlorolobion braunii: estímulo induzido por cobre em culturas de 200 L
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Pasqualinotto, Guilherme; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-3640; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6891710819927547; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1838-4477
Microalgae cultivation has gained prominence in recent years. As a result, several studies and techniques have been developed to increase the viability and yield of compounds produced by microalgae. Strategies such as nutrient, light, and temperature manipulation can increase microalgae productivity. Among these, mixotrophy, which combines organic and inorganic carbon sources, can promote significant biomass gains by combining the advantages of autotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation. Copper, as an essential micronutrient and enzymatic cofactor, exerts a crucial influence on microalgae physiology, impacting metabolism depending on its concentration. The objective of this study was to adapt the strategy described in patent INPI BR 102021019778-1 A2 to 200 L cultures, resulting in increased lipid yield in Chlorolobion braunii. For this purpose, copper at a concentration of 10-8 mol L-1 of free Cu+2 was tested as a manipulating agent, and to increase biomass, mixotrophy was used in the final phase of cultivation. Copper was added to the cultures from the 3rd day onward, while mixotrophy was induced from the 6th day of cultivation using 0.2 g L-1 of sodium acetate (NaO2CCH3). Cultivations were carried out in BG11 medium, in fed-batch mode under semi-controlled conditions in an agricultural greenhouse and lasted 8 days, with natural light and photoperiod. The results showed variation in environmental conditions, with temperature fluctuations of 25,5 – 34,6 °C. Mixotrophy resulted in a threefold increase in biomass production on day 8 of the experiment compared to day 3. As expected, the presence of copper did not affect either the growth rate or the biomass obtained, limiting itself to stimulating lipid production by 23% compared to the control treatment. The copper treatment resulted in a reduction of up to 20% in protein accumulation on day 8 of the experimental period, while total carbohydrates remained constant between the treatments and the control, thus not being influenced by copper. This study emphasizes the biotechnological potential of the microalgae C. braunii and reinforces the importance of optimizing culture conditions to maximize biomolecule production.
Reflexões acerca do ensino de química verde e sustentável a partir de estudos de caso controversos e pensamento sistêmico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Araripe, Evelyn de Oliveira; Zeidler, Vânia Gomes Zuin; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-4570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312438421436435; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-7353; Zeidler, Vânia Gomes Zuin; Carnio, Michel Pisa; Bazetti, Luciane Fernandes de Goes; Sudan, Daniela Cassia; Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5265150425993880; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0198207700485715; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0448594654044672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3863004014765353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3858289473837461
This work reflects on the pedagogical potential of using controversial socio-environmental case studies to integrate the principles of Green Chemistry (GC) and Sustainable Chemistry (SC) into university courses in Chemistry, Environmental Sciences and related areas. The research involved the development, application, and analysis of two case studies (‘Plasticised Childhood’ and ‘Unpacking Hamburgers’), created by the supervisor of this work within the GPQV research group, under her leadership (UFSCar, Brazil), with the aim of provoking critical reflection on the impacts of everyday products in light of sustainability. Based on classroom observations – in classes taught as part of five modules focused on introducing GC and SC between 2021 and 2024 – reflective reports and textual and discursive analysis were applied. The results obtained indicate that the didactic use of controversial case studies may generate initial discomfort, but can act as a tool to foster systemic thinking. The analysis showed that approaches focused solely on replacing materials (GC logic) tend to elicit more technical and limited responses, while SC-based proposals emerge when students mobilise broader, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspectives. The potential of these experiences to inspire proposals that are potentially applicable to the real world was also observed. Finally, the results point to practical and conceptual challenges, such as the narrow notion of ‘practical activity’ and the initial difficulties in dealing with controversies. This thesis sought to contribute to the reflection on how SC can be taught in a more transformative way, highlighting the centrality of systemic thinking in the training of professionals of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences to face contemporary challenges towards sustainability.
A dimensão da criatividade e do pensamento crítico no ensino de Ciências e Biologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Zancheta, Maria Fernanda Castilho; Santos, Mariana dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3185238960982642
Creativity has long been scarcely associated with cognitive and emotional abilities, nor has it been strongly linked to the various fields of learning, including the sciences. Nowadays, creative thinking is associated with critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making, which justifies the importance and necessity of Science and Biology education in creating conditions for the development of critical-creative thinking. Although creativity is listed as a competency in the Brazilian National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), it is often hindered and remains little studied within the school context. A study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the extent to which students’ creativity is expressed throughout the school years, comparing how middle school and high school students from a state school in the municipality of São Carlos (SP) solve problems creatively. A problem-situation type activity was applied and evaluated by judges based on pre-established categories from the Torrance and Wechsler Creativity Tests. The results revealed several qualitatively creative responses; however, quantitatively, high school students achieved better results. This situation leads us to question the education provided in the early and final years of middle school, the school curriculum, and the teaching and learning processes in Brazilian public education.
Estudo da dinâmica do escoamento em leitos de lama para aplicação em reatores de Fischer–Tropsch
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Lima, Leonardo Arruda; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5308568816755346
The search for more sustainable and efficient solutions, such as the production of sustainable aviation fuels, has driven the study of multiphase reactors, among which slurry bubble column reactors stand out. In this context, computational fluid dynamics has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the hydrodynamic behavior of gas–liquid–solid systems and supporting the development of optimization strategies for these processes. Initially, a numerical analysis of the flow dynamics in a bubble column operating in a gas–liquid regime was performed at superficial gas velocities of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.30 m/s, assessing the impact of different interfacial forces and bubble breakup parameters on gas distribution. In the two-phase regime, it was observed that the choice of drag and lift coefficients significantly influenced the global and local gas holdup. The calibration of the breakup parameters (Wecr = 3, Cg = 0.673) allowed reproducing the increase in Sauter mean diameter with column height. Subsequently, the impact of adding glass particles with a diameter of 250 µm was evaluated using an Eulerian modeling approach, at two different concentrations (10% and 20% vol.). The presence of the solid phase reduced the global gas holdup, an effect associated with the formation of a core–annular flow pattern. However, unlike the reference experimental data, the simulations showed a decrease in the mean bubble diameter with increasing solid concentration, due to intensified breakup phenomena. The results highlight the role of interfacial force modeling and breakup parameters in predicting the hydrodynamics of bubble columns and reveal that the addition of particles modifies the flow dynamics and reduces gas retention.
Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo e a democracia ambiental: estudo empírico nos municípios de São Carlos e São José do Rio Pardo (2016 - 2023)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Santos, Carolina Ribeiro Endres; Oliveira, Celso Maran de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911833172043700; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9254561039725699; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-9672; Pires, Mônica Sodré; Lazzarini, Luís Gustavo Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6338002400411488; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9248974541891117
Social participation in the formulation and oversight of environmental public policies constitutes one of the pillars of participatory democracy and the realization of socio-environmental rights enshrined in the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution. Despite the existence of a relatively advanced legal framework, the practical implementation of participatory instruments in Brazil faces several obstacles, such as excessive technocratization of procedures, limited access to information, low representativeness of marginalized populations, and the recurrent symbolic formalization of deliberative spaces. In this context, the Public Prosecutor's Office plays a strategic role as a promoter of collective rights and a potential facilitator of citizen participation. This research aims to analyze the mechanisms of social participation promoted or mediated by the São Paulo State Public Prosecutor’s Office in the municipalities of São Carlos and São José do Rio Pardo, between 2016 and 2023, with a focus on the environmental field. It seeks to understand the extent to which the institution has contributed to the realization of democratic environmental governance, identifying its limitations, recurring practices, and potentialities. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining a review of key theoretical literature with the normative analysis of constitutional and infra-constitutional legislation. It also employs descriptive and comparative methodology, based on the examination of 401 environmental civil inquiries initiated in the two judicial districts. The data were systematized using descriptive statistics techniques and organized into thematic charts, allowing the identification of patterns, gaps, and trends in the use of participatory mechanisms. The results indicate that, although the Public Prosecutor’s Office performs a relevant oversight and normative function, its role as a promoter of environmental social participation remains limited. Popular participation in the analyzed procedures is infrequent, often restricted to anonymous or indirect manifestations, and the incorporation of instruments such as public hearings, consultations, and deliberative meetings is rare. The absence of institutionalized policies for the inclusion of peripheral populations and traditional communities was also observed, as well as the prevalence of legal practices with technical language inaccessible to most of the population. The study concludes that, beyond legal formalities, the promotion of substantive environmental democracy depends on strengthening the institutional role of the Public Prosecutor’s Office as a space for listening, mediation, and dialogue with civil society. The research highlights the need for investments in environmental education, active transparency, simplification of legal language, and the articulation between technical and popular knowledge. Such measures are essential to transform participatory mechanisms into effective instruments of environmental justice and the promotion of the common good.
Revisão de literatura sobre o uso do currículo Aprendendo a Ler e a Escrever em Pequenos Passos (ALEPP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Pedrozo, Gabriela Okubo; Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-697X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9289682687783858
Literacy in Brazil has historically been marked by inequalities and structural challenges. Since the imperial period, reading and writing instruction was restricted and elitist, becoming a criterion for political exclusion by the end of the 19th century. With the 1988 Constitution, elementary education became a mandatory and free right, promoting progress through public policies such as the National Education Plan (PNE) and the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC). Despite these initiatives, educational indicators remain unsatisfactory, as shown by the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) and the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which reveal performance below the international average. Research indicates that factors such as lack of motivation and inadequate methodologies impact learning. Behavior Analysis has contributed to the teaching of reading and writing, based on studies on verbal and textual behavior by B. F. Skinner, Sidman's stimulus equivalence relationship, and the Teaching Programming advocated by Carolina Bori and Fred Keller. In this context, the Learning to Read and Write in Small Steps (ALEPP) curriculum was developed by a group of researchers led in the 1980s and has proven to be a systematized teaching program that can contribute to the initial stage of acquiring reading and writing skills. This study sought to identify and analyze empirical research using the name of the teaching program - ALEPP - as a search descriptor, investigating methodological aspects and results obtained. From this, 25 studies that used ALEPP with different populations with or without a diagnosis were selected for analysis. The studies were published between 2008 and 2022 and were developed predominantly in four higher education institutions. In general, the studies demonstrated the contribution of ALEPP to the acquisition of reading and writing skills and, mainly, the application with special education audiences was discussed, aspects to improve the resource. The number of studies found should be evaluated with caution since specific descriptors were used. The importance of unifying the nomenclature and corresponding use by researchers is emphasized. The reading and writing teaching curriculum is a tool for evidence-based practices, and can benefit people at the beginning of literacy and who have difficulties learning to read and write.
Ensaios de filtração in loco em geotêxteis aplicados em sistemas de drenagem de base de aterros sanitários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Santos, Ramon Felipe; Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7481-7406; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4282916473875116; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-9725
Leachate collection systems in sanitary landfills play a crucial role in protecting the drainage layer from clogging, typically employing granular filters or geotextiles. The latter have gained prominence due to their practicality, lower cost, and quality control. However, geotextiles are also susceptible to clogging, particularly because of the high organic load present in leachate generated by the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this context, the main objective of this study was to develop and implement a filtration testing methodology that closely reflects real field conditions, using leachate produced under actual landfill operations. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the performance of a geotextile with a large filtration opening (3.10 mm)—a configuration not yet explored in the literature—compared to two conventional geotextiles with openings of 0.15 mm and 0.40 mm. Filtration columns were constructed and operated in the field under two setups: one including the party of the complete system (MSW, geotextile, and gravel), and another without MSW, in order to isolate the influence of the waste on the filtration behavior. The tests were conducted from May 2024 to May 2025, with physical-chemical, microbiological, and microscopic analyses of the percolated leachate and exhumed geotextiles, along with continuous permeability monitoring. The results showed that geotextiles with smaller openings experienced more pronounced clogging effects, with a significant decline in permeability over time. It was observed that clogging mechanisms acted simultaneously but with varying intensities throughout the testing period. In contrast, the geotextile with the 3.10 mm opening demonstrated more stable hydraulic performance and less pore blockage, even in direct contact with MSW. In conclusion, the large-opening geotextile presents itself as a viable and promising alternative for drainage systems in sanitary landfills.
Uso de inteligência artificial para identificação de condições de usinagem a partir de sinais de áudio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Carvalho, Rafael Luccas Martins de; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5558006410713421
Machining operations are crucial to global industry, so the quality and efficiency of the machines that perform these processes are crucial to a company's bottom line. Monitoring these machines thus gains relevance by preventing failures and ensuring process quality. Although most sensors used for monitoring are accelerometers, and vibration analysis is essential, the use of microphones emerges as a powerful and low-cost option, coupled with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to analyze sound signals. This work uses AI techniques to classify audio signals from computer numerical controlled (CNC) lathes during the turning process of a titanium alloy cylinder (Ti-6Al-4V ELI), captured from a smartphone. The sound signal obtained from nine tests with different machining parameters and two background noise files was processed, and the Random Forest, Logistic Regression, k-nearest neighbours (kNN), and support vector machine (SVM) models were tested to identify the most capable of predicting the tests and, consequently, the machining parameters of each signal. All models performed well, with area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) > 93%. However, the logistic regression model stood out with 96.2% accuracy and 99.75% AUC. These results demonstrate great potential for this monitoring technique.
Perspectivas sobre a biologia evolutiva de Psalidodon fasciatus (Teleostei: Characiformes), com foco no Parque Estadual de Vila Velha Paraná, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Guerra, Luz Elena de la Ossa; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875928930712027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9243691837096203; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-9709; Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Galetti Junior, Pedro Manoel; Affonso, Igor de Paiva; Berbel Filho, Waldir Miron; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3358078585155878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5643358622376992
Isolated karstic environments, such as sinkholes, provide ideal natural settings to investigate the ecological and evolutionary consequences of isolation on freshwater fish biodiversity. In this thesis, we examined the ichthyofauna of these formations in Vila Velha State Park (VVSP), southern Brazil, with a particular focus on Psalidodon fasciatus, using an integrated approach that combines environmental DNA, genomics, and cytogenetics. eDNA metabarcoding revealed low taxonomic diversity within sinkholes compared to riverine habitats of the Tibagi River Basin, underscoring the ecological isolation of these systems. Genomic analyses based on SNPs and mitochondrial genomes uncovered strong genetic structure and long-term divergence in the sinkhole population, with no evidence of gene flow and divergence beginning in the Pleistocene. Cytogenetic mapping of repetitive elements and satellite DNAs further revealed distinct chromosomal patterns between isolated and connected populations. Collectively, these findings highlight the role of karst systems in shaping genetically distinct lineages and contribute to our understanding of diversification mechanisms in Neotropical subterranean environments.
Confiabilidade intra e inter avaliador da dinamometria manual para avaliação da força muscular isométrica em pacientes com dor cervical crônica inespecífica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Nunes, Giovanna Silva; Gaban, Giovanna Laura Neves Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869405108062195; Selistre, Luiz Fernando Approbato; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1776458133234039; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6009990393235475
Chronic neck pain is considered the third most common cause of disability worldwide among musculoskeletal conditions. Among its repercussions, there is ample evidence that these individuals present with cervical muscle weakness. Therefore, muscle strength tests are important in clinical practice for its measurement, and hand-held dynamometry has proven to be an accessible alternative for measuring isometric muscle strength. Despite this, its reliability has not yet been specifically tested in the chronic neck pain population, with an adequate sample size, considering the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) recommendations, and that has covered the four directions of cervical muscle strength (flexion, extension, and right and left lateral flexion). Objective: To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability, determine the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MMD) of hand-held dynamometry for assessing isometric muscle strength in patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain. Methods: Fifty participants aged 18 years or older with chronic nonspecific neck pain were recruited. Isometric cervical muscle strength tests were performed by two evaluators with a 10-minute interval between them (inter-evaluator), and the procedure was repeated 5 to 7 days after the first visit (intra-evaluator). Intra-evaluator (ICC3, k) and inter-evaluator (ICC2, k) reliability analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test. The SEM was calculated by the formula SEM = SD × √ (1 − ICC) and the MMD by MMD = 1.96 × √2 × SEM. Results: Intra- (flexion = 0.95; left lateral flexion = 0.91; right lateral flexion = 0.94; extension = 0.89) and inter-rater (flexion = 0.93; left lateral flexion = 0.92; right lateral flexion = 0.95; extension = 0.95) reliability was excellent for all movements. The intra-rater SEM values ranged from 0.67 to 1.17 and inter-rater values from 0.83 to 1.05, while the intra-rater MMD ranged from 1.85 to 3.25 and inter-rater values from 2.30 to 2.92. Conclusion: Portable hand-held dynamometry demonstrated excellent reliability in assessing isometric muscle strength in patients with chronic neck pain. The SEM and MDC values found in this study can help clinicians monitor patients over time.
Coleta e análise de dados provenientes de acelerômetros de smartphone durante o trajeto de um veículo visando detecção de descontinuidades em vias urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Mattioli, Murilo Augusto; Shiki, Sidney Bruce; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573973677787523
Transportation plays a crucial role in the functioning of society, both for individual and collective mobility in urban areas and for the flow of goods that sustain various industrial and commercial sectors. The quality of roadways directly affects vehicle preservation, traffic flow, and driver experience. In this context, monitoring pavement conditions becomes a valuable tool for road maintenance. This study proposes the use of smartphone accelerometers to detect pavement anomalies as a means to support the upkeep of road infrastructure. Data collection was conducted on selected road segments in the city of Monte Alto – SP, and subsequent analyses were carried out to identify surface irregularities. The objective was to detect and classify discontinuities present in urban pavement – such as speed bumps, raised crosswalks, road studs, and potholes – through the development of classifiers using time-domain metrics. The data acquisition process and the mathematical methodology employed proved effective, yielding promising results with an F1-score of up to 98.7% in pothole detection.
Avaliação da idade vascular em adultos pós-COVID-19 submetidos a um teste cardiopulmonar de exercício
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Diotto, Vitória Luiz; Pereira, Guilherme Borges; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0159911069166581; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6229
SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a global crisis in 2019 and, beyond the acute phase, can generate persistent vascular impacts, characterizing the so-called long COVID (LC), whose pathophysiology includes chronic inflammation, arterial stiffness, and possible acceleration of vascular age (VI). This was an observational, controlled, and stratified study, approved by the Ethics Committee (CAAE: 65086622.5.0000.5504), aimed to evaluate the VI response to physiological stress induced by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), comparing young adults with a history of LC to controls (CON) who had COVID. Thirty-eight participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and complete vaccination schedule (18 CL; 20 CON) were analyzed. They were subdivided by sex and underwent VI measurements at different time points (baseline, pre-test, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours post-CPET) using the Arteris AOP® device. Statistical analyses were performed in R software (v. 4.1.2) with the Friedman, Mann-Whitney U, and quantile regression tests. Analysis of variance indicated a significant effect of time on VI in the CON group (p = 0.017), with a trend toward a reduction at 30 and 60 minutes and a return to pre-test values at 24 hours.However, post hoc comparisons revealed no significant differences between the time points evaluated (p > 0.05). In the CL group, there were no significant variations in VI (p = 0.960). Men presented consistently higher VI at all time points analyzed, both in the CON and CL groups (p < 0.05), which may reflect physiological differences related to biological sex. Chronological age was the main predictor of VI in both groups (p < 0.001). Abdominal fat showed a negative correlation with VI only in the control group (p = 0.021). No significant correlations with VO₂max (p > 0.05) were observed in either group. It is concluded that VI did not modulate significantly in response to physiological stress, either in CON individuals or in those with a history of CL, reinforcing the need for longitudinal investigations and specific cardiovascular rehabilitation strategies.
WO3 suportado em biomassa advinda de quitosana como catalisador para oxidação de sulfetos de alta eficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Yamakawa, Gabriel Franco; Silva, Elson Longo da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-7791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3334844479650398; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1231-6707
CHITOSAN BIOMASS SUPPORTED WO3 AS A CATALYST FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY SULFIDES OXIDATION. Sulfones and Sulfoxides are terrific value compounds, because of their wide applications in pharmaceutical inputs, medicines and agrochemicals. In this work, the selective and efficient oxidation of sulfides into these molecules is presented, using chitosan-derived carbon supported WO3 as a catalyst. The obtained WO3 was acquired through a sustainable coprecipitation process, followed by the fixation of the semiconductor over the carbon acquired through chitosan pyrolysis. Values of 10, 20 and 40% of WO3 over chitosan were evaluated. The obtained composite promotes a more efficient charge separation, due to the interactions between the oxide and the π electrons from the carbon matrix. Structural analysis confirms the obtention of monoclinic WO3 and its interactions with carbon support, while also revealing the acquisition of a nitrogen doped support, achieved through a non-complete deacetylation process through pyrolysis. Among the tested ratios of WO3, the 20 % one (named QT2W) showed the best performance. The optimized conditions were found at 60°C, 120 minutes of reaction, 8 equivalents of H2O2 and 10 mg of catalyst. The solvent used in the process had a crucial part in determining the process selectivity. Acetonitrile and water had the best performance for sulfones obtention, (>98% selectivity) while methanol and ethanol changed the major product obtained to sulfoxides (>71% selectivity). The stability and scaling of the process showed to be best in water, but the ability to oxidize other molecules of interest was found to be in acetonitrile. XPS analysis showed a leaching of the semiconductor that justified the deactivation of the catalyst in acetonitrile. Mechanism tests were conducted and showed the active participation of hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen, though the use of spectroscopic probes. Other species also had meaningful impact on the process, found though scavenger species test, therefore being able to infer a mechanism of action of the catalyst with active participation of both semiconductor and support. Hence, the work shows the versatility of the catalyst obtained for the oxidation of sulfides to both sulfones and sulfoxides, showing itself as a promising sustainable catalyst for efficient chemical transformations.
Comportamento geotécnico de uma areia reciclada de fresado de revestimentos asfálticos (RAP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Santos, Ana Laura Gianello dos; Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058; Correia, Natália de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2172645507238077; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0707244739540024; Lodi, Paulo Cesar; Vilar, Orencio Monje; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1120844604445962; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4129208405433368
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) stands out as a promising alternative in the pursuit of sustainable solutions in engineering, with potential applications beyond asphalt mixtures, particularly in geotechnical works. Several studies have demonstrated that RAP can be used as a fill material, in retaining structures, and in support layers, provided that its geotechnical and environmental properties are properly evaluated. The sand fraction of RAP, composed of its fine portion, can be used as a geotechnical aggregate in various applications, especially in pavement layers and soil improvement. The main objective of this study is to characterize a recycled RAP sand and compare its geotechnical behavior with that of a conventional natural sand of equivalent gradation. The research encompasses the physical, mechanical, and hydraulic characterization of the materials, with emphasis on properties such as shear strength, resilient modulus, permanent deformation, and hydraulic conductivity. The results demonstrated that the recycled RAP sand exhibits a distinct behavior compared to natural sand, requiring greater attention to its compaction state, particularly in applications sensitive to deformability. The recycled RAP sand showed a higher resilient modulus than the natural sand and stabilized deformations throughout cyclic loading. The recycled RAP sand presented lower hydraulic conductivity than the natural sand, due to the presence of asphalt binder and higher porosity. The soil-water retention curves indicated a greater water retention capacity of RAP sand under high suctions. The leaching test revealed chemical stability and the absence of heavy metals at critical levels, confirming the potential of recycled RAP sand for safe use in geotechnical and pavement applications.
Proposta e validação de uma taxonomia de variações ortográfcas em tweets do mercado financeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-07-25) Scandarolli, Clarissa Lenina; Di Felippo, Ariani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8648412103197455; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4566-9352; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6804082969710510; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9142-6771
Given the relevance of the Twitter platform (now X) for various segments of society, Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools and applications capable of handling the primarily non-canonical language of the tweet genre (currently referred to as posts) are in high demand. To develop them, annotated corpora (known as tweetbanks) are essential resources, as are the description and analysis of their linguistic characteristics. In this Undergraduate Thesis, the object of investigation was the DANTEStocks corpus of 4,048 financial market tweets, which is the first in Portuguese to be annotated according to the Universal Dependencies (UD) model. More precisely, a survey of orthographic phenomena in the corpus was conducted, treated as "variations" rather than "errors", in accordance with the theoretical assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics. These phenomena were systematized into a hierarchical typology with two dimensions: "Standard Norm" and "Innovative Norm", which seek to capture variations of canonical and innovative lexical forms. Based on this typology, the phenomena observed in 3,614 tokens (found in 1,069 tweets) from DANTEStocks were manually annotated, yielding a preliminary characterization of the corpus. The results evidenced the predominance of the Innovative Norm, accounting for 92.81% of the annotated phenomena (3,457 occurrences), reinforcing the hypothesis that, in User-Generated Content (UGC) on financial topics, innovative linguistic strategies prevail, manifesting in tokens that function as codes and systematic forms of digital communication, characteristic of the medium and of a particular social context. In this way, the annotation of graphic variations in DANTEStocks broadens the understanding of the language of financial market tweets and may enhance the tolerance of NLP models toward non-canonical language, enabling them to recognize variant forms as linguistically valid and semantically informative.