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Combinação entre espécie fitorremediadora e carvão vegetal ativado em ambientes com a presença de herbicida persistente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-09-19) Arthur, Clarissa; Lima, Felipe Tavares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157704339343186; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9579-3502; Baron, Daniel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054014705484176; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-9413; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5101601856139376
The herbicide atrazine (ATZ) is widely used in agriculture for weed control; however, its toxicity and persistence in the environment have raised environmental concerns. ATZ inhibits photosynthesis in weeds, causing significant reductions in growth and enzymatic activity. Phytoremediation is a sustainable technique that uses plants to remove soil pollutants and emerges as a promising solution to address contamination from agricultural pollutants. In this context, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. is a native Brazilian species that has been little studied regarding its phytoremediation potential, although it has been reported as an accumulator of organic and inorganic pollutants. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that the use of activated charcoal (biochar), produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, can enhance the remediation of contaminated soils due to its capacity for water and nutrient retention and adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants. In this monograph, our hypothesis tested whether the use of eucalyptus-derived activated biochar, when combined with the plant species C. ensiformis, would exhibit a synergistic effect in its phytoremediation role of soils contaminated with atrazine. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to analyze plant growth parameters, while the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test were employed for the analysis of dry matter and enzymatic activity. The structure of this work includes a brief review with justifications for the topic, followed by the presentation of results in the format of a scientific manuscript, according to the standards of journals in the field. The results of this study provide relevant contributions to the potential application of biochar (BCH) in mitigating herbicide-induced stress in native Brazilian plants, reducing the phytotoxic effects of ATZ, and proposing strategies for the detoxification of contaminated soils, thereby supporting more sustainable agricultural practices.
Avaliação de corpos de prova submetidos à ensaio de névoa salina utilizando o software Imagej para o processamento de imagens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-09-19) Corradi, Vitor Bezerra; Pereira, Ernesto Chaves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-302X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312801871014898; Sitta, Elton Fabiano; Lopes, Mauro Chierici; https://lattes.cnpq.br/432647634828429; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9184566860150155; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3181-0076
EVALUATION OF TEST SPECIMENS SUBJECTED TO SALT SPRAY TESTING USING IMAGEJ SOFTWARE FOR IMAGE PROCESSING. Corrosion assessment after salt spray tests has traditionally relied on visual inspection, which can limit the accuracy of quantitative evaluations. This study explores the application of image analysis through computational processing to measure the areas affected by corrosion on carbon steel plates, LN 38, coated with paints, subjected to salt spray testing conducted according to ASTM B117 standard. Using ImageJ software, we differentiate corrosion products from uncorroded metal surfaces based on variations in grayscale tones of the image converted to 8-bit and binarized, allowing precise measurement of corroded areas. Two 2² factorial experiments with replication were used in sample preparation, and each panel was evaluated following method 1 of ASTM D1654 standard, leading to the calculation of interaction effects with 95% confidence intervals for each condition. These computational results were then compared with evaluations made by an experienced technician through manual measurement of the panels. The findings suggest that computational image analysis can significantly improve the resolution and reliability of corrosion assessments compared to standard visual methods, indicating its potential as a valuable tool in corrosion research and evaluation.
Baía de Castelhanos: o status de reserva extrativista e sua influência na proteção das comunidades tradicionais e do ecossistema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-09-19) Massa, Ana Luiza Crozara; Duval, Henrique Carmona; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1127516712972199; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3033430830286081
The Castelhanos Extractive Reserve (RESEX), located on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, in Ilhabela, has faced uncertainty since August 2022 regarding the potential loss of its legal status. This situation resulted from Law No. 1.546/2022, which extinguished the Reserve without considering public opinion or conducting a technical study. In response, the São Paulo Court of Justice suspended the revocation and granted an injunction declaring the act unconstitutional. Nevertheless, as the legal dispute remains unresolved, the traditional community of Castelhanos continues to live under uncertainty about the future of its territory. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the perceptions of local fishers and other community members regarding the importance of maintaining the RESEX, investigating their historical relationship with the environment and how ecosystem preservation is intrinsically linked to cultural protection and the continuity of traditional practices. To achieve this, an ethnographic approach was adopted, supported by fieldwork, field diaries, semi-structured interviews, social cartography, and the construction of a seasonal fishing calendar, thereby integrating local and scientific knowledge. The findings demonstrate that the community perceives the RESEX not only as an instrument of environmental protection but also as a mechanism for strengthening cultural identity, social cohesion, and economic sustainability, underscoring the inseparable relationship between culture, territory, conservation, and belonging. The study also revealed external pressures such as real estate speculation, the expansion of large-scale tourism enterprises, and the impacts of climate change, which pose direct threats to both the preservation of the Bay and the community’s way of life. Testimonies emphasized feelings of belonging, tranquility, and security within the territory, while also denouncing legal uncertainties and the challenges of enforcement, which often favor predatory activities such as illegal industrial fishing. It is concluded that the environmental preservation of the Castelhanos Bay can only be fully understood when articulated with the appreciation of traditional ways of life, which ensure both the conservation of natural resources and the cultural and social reproduction of the community. This research contributes to strengthening the struggle for territorial rights, bringing greater visibility to traditional populations, and highlighting the importance of Extractive Reserves as public policies that combine environmental conservation with social justice. The results are expected to provide support for the development of more effective participatory management strategies, as well as encourage further studies on the impacts of real estate speculation and climate change in the region.
Panorama ambiental das áreas verdes intraurbanas nos municípios da região metropolitana de Ribeirão Preto através de inteligência geoespacial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-09-19) Melo, Breno Malheiros de; Stanganini, Fábio Noel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6774358264004600; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9560587791358850; Pedrassoli, Julio Cesar; Barbosa, Luciano Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1919320488302240; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8993771195729065
The present research aims to analyze urban expansion and the transformations in urban green areas within the Metropolitan Region of Ribeirão Preto (RMRP). It leverages the principles of geospatial intelligence and incorporates technological innovations such as cloud computing, remote sensing, and machine learning. This study is driven by the rapid global urban growth, which can lead to significant environmental impacts, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. This underscores the crucial importance of developing sustainable and resilient cities, requiring new approaches to monitor and understand urban environmental dynamics. The research focuses on the accurate identification of green areas within the RMRP, the historical reconstruction of changes in urban green spaces through remote sensing, the assessment of the impact of these areas on the regional urbanization process, and the exploration of how the resulting data can support integrated regional planning. The study places particular emphasis on urban areas and environmentally vulnerable zones, such as conservation units and aquifer recharge areas.
Estrutura para apoiar a decisão de alocação de recursos integrando critérios de vulnerabilidade em comunidades carentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-09-19) Dorado, Luis Alberto Araujo; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-2652; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7701644218436964; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-9244; Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal; Sigahi, Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti; Mendes, Tatiana Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3446837123289659; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3219252827913286; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-2652; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-5220; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-5311
This dissertation addresses the challenge of allocating resources to underserved communities, recognizing the structural complexity that characterizes these territories, marked by interdependent social, economic, and environmental inequalities. Given this reality, the central objective of the study was to propose a framework to support resource allocation decisions that integrates vulnerability criteria in underserved communities. The methodological approach involved identifying and selecting indicators through a systematic literature review and the use of secondary databases, culminating in the construction of a Composite Vulnerability Index (CVI). These indicators were weighted using the Swing Weighting (SW) method, enabling their aggregation into a single metric. The data were then spatialized in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment, used as a comparative visualization tool across the analyzed regions. Subsequently, the IVC was incorporated as a criterion in the multi-criteria decision model, developed using the Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) approach and operationalized in the VISA software, which also integrated intervention costs and preferences for public resource categories. These preferences were defined based on an interview with a decision-maker responsible for Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS). Based on this, a case study was conducted in the municipality of Sorocaba, São Paulo. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework is capable of synthesizing multiple dimensions of vulnerability and supporting decision-making based on transparent and territorially informed criteria. Although the IVC identified regions such as Ipiranga, Vila Helena, and Laranjeiras as the most vulnerable territories, the decision-making stage with MCDA prioritized Laranjeiras, Ipiranga, and João Romão, demonstrating partial convergence between the technical indicators and the final prioritization of the areas. Limitations include the difficulty of standardizing indicators in per capita terms and restrictions associated with terminology to characterize underserved communities, in addition to the limited perspective of a single decision-maker. These limitations point to avenues for future research, including the use of more granular primary data and increased community participation in defining criteria and weights.
Effect of local chemistry on the thermodynamic modeling of multicomponent alloys for hydrogen storage
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-09-19) Pedroso, Otávio Abreu; Zepon, Guilherme; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451136180466494; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-1656; Jakse, Noel; Zepon, Guilherme; Botta Filho, Walter José; Floriano, Ricardo; Zlotea, Claudia; Plazanet, Marie; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8893800436245833; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4031-0965; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-6991; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7041-8299
In this work, a new thermodynamic model for pressure-composition-temperature diagram (PCT) calculations of multicomponent alloys for hydrogen storage was developed and evaluated. The objective of this new model is to evaluate the local chemical effect, that is, the interaction between hydrogen and the first neighbors of the interstitial sites, in the PCT diagrams. Initially, a site blocking model based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMAK) equation was proposed to quantify the configurational entropy, taking into account the interstitial sites blocked due to the prior occupation of a nearby neighbor site by hydrogen. The model effectively calculates the fractions of blocked sites, avoiding blocking overlaps that can occur in the studied structures, allowing the accurate determination of partial molar entropy, which showed good agreement with experimental data. A Discrete Site Energy model (DSE) was proposed and implemented in open source code to calculate the thermodynamic properties for metal-hydrogen systems under para-equilibrium conditions. The model considers the different local chemical environments at the interstitial sites of crystalline structures. The model then calculates the Gibbs free energy as a function of the distribution of occupation of the different interstitial sites present in the alloys, which can be determined by minimizing the Gibbs free energy as a function of the fraction of interstitial occupied sites. This model was developed for two classes of multicomponent alloys important for hydrogen storage, alloys with a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure and alloys with a C14-type Laves phase structure. For BCC structures, a validation process was performed using a set of alloys from the TiVNbCr-system, where the calculated results observed describe the plateau pressure well. The DSE model was subsequently applied to C14 Laves phases, where interstitial sites are described by seven distinct Wyckoff positions that introduce cross-blocking effects and distinct local chemical environments depending on the Wyckoff position. After optimizing the metal-hydrogen interaction energies, the model showed good agreement with the experimental results for five C14 alloys. In addition, it was possible to observe the sensitivity of the model to minor energy deviations, attributed to the logarithmic relationship between pressure and the chemical potential of H. These models provide a computationally efficient framework for screening alloy compositions, thereby reducing experimental costs in the design of hydrogen storage materials. The JMAK approaches to site blocking effect and DSE demonstrate versatility across crystal structures, offering critical insights into site-blocking dynamics and phase equilibrium for H storage systems.