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Programa Híbrido de Mentoria: contribuições e tensões evidenciadas por uma professora mentora, relacionadas a seu desenvolvimento profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-17)
Marini, Carolina
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Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-8127
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3665277442463027
This research is a doctoral thesis, delimited within the area of teacher education, focusing on the training of mentors (who are trainers of other teachers). The group of professors from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) belonging to the Teacher Training and Other Educational Agents (FPOAE) research line developed a teacher mentoring program, the Hybrid Mentoring Program (PHM), which lasted from 2017 to 2020. In it, experienced teachers received training so that they could act as mentors, training teachers at the beginning of their careers (feminine terms are used because practically all participants in the mentoring program were female). This mentoring and training initiative provided relevant information and data to conduct research on the training of trainers, which in this case refers to the mentors participating in the program. Among the activities of the mentors (experienced teachers) in the PHM program, the mentoring actions of one of the trainers with the beginning teacher she accompanied and assisted throughout her participation in the program stood out. Based on the premise that teacher mentoring, as an initiative to induce teaching, can contribute to the professional development of both beginning and experienced teachers, this research seeks to answer the following question (which unfolds into two): what elements can be evidenced in the professional development of an experienced teacher in the learning process of being a mentor promoted in the PHM program? In this regard, how do the contributions and tensions (doubts/dilemmas/difficulties/gaps) impact this development and learning process of mentoring? Given these questions, the overall objective is to understand how the professional development of a mentor participating in the program occurs. Regarding the specific objectives, the research seeks to: understand the relationship and processes involved in the insertion/performance of mentoring practice (the participation of a mentor in a teacher mentoring program); understand the construction of formative practices and their relationship with the promotion of professional development (focused on mentoring); understand whether the mentoring model adopted (and/or the format of the mentoring program) had implications for the training and development of the mentor participating in the research (and how these implications occurred). To answer this question, a case study was conducted, analyzing data from the interactions, professional conversations, and formative practices developed between a mentor and the beginning teacher she accompanied in the program. The interactions, mentoring practices, and professional conversations took place over two and a half years. The research is characterized as a case study due to the particularities that occurred throughout the interactions, which make the case unique among those developed throughout the program. The selected data portions will be analyzed in light of the ideas of authors who address the professional development of teachers and trainers. A dialogue was established between the data and authors such as: Shulman, Loughran, Korthagen, Reali, Tancredi, Mizukami, Marcelo, Vaillant, Orland-Barack, Zeichner, Schoenfeld, Clandinin and Connelly, Cochran-Smith and Lytle, among others. The results of the analyzed data (which were elaborated by the mentor-beginner teacher dyad) indicate that the mentor teacher's participation in the program favored her professional development as a trainer, allowing her to build a new professional identity (mentor), also indicating that the construction of formative and mentoring practices, as well as the establishment and unfolding of professional conversations with the beginner, stimulated the mentor to build pedagogical content knowledge focused on training (the teaching of teaching), insofar as she had to mobilize the knowledge from her teaching and training knowledge bases.
Atendimento educacional especializado para estudantes com altas habilidades/superdotação: planejamento, perspectivas e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-17)
Alves, Fernando Henrique Cordeiro
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Pedro, Ketilin Mayra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0991868156805558
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1893-5002
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2853856864480131
Students with giftedness are eligible for Special Education and are entitled to Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE). Given the specific educational demands these students present, it is essential to implement educational adaptations to meet their learning and developmental needs. In this context, it is relevant to discuss how identification processes and supplementation strategies have been carried out within AEE, considering their importance for providing effective and qualified pedagogical support to students with AH/SD. The present research aimed to understand how pedagogical planning is structured to address the specific needs and perceptions of students with AH/SD in the context of AEE. The specific objectives were: (a) to analyze the pedagogical planning of teachers responsible for AEE for students with AH/SD; (b) to investigate students’ perceptions of the AEE they attend, including their experiences and the meanings they attribute to it. This study was characterized as qualitative and exploratory, conducted in accordance with ethical principles for research involving human subjects. Data collection took place in person at two public elementary schools (early years) in a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo, involving five students identified with AH/SD and five AEE teachers, totaling ten interviews analyzed. Data analysis was conducted through transcription of the interviews, followed by content analysis, which enabled the identification of emerging categories and subcategories that reflected both teaching practices and students’ perceptions. The qualitative approach allowed for an in-depth understanding of the meanings attributed by the participants, supporting a critical interpretation of the practices and conditions surrounding AEE for students with AH/SD. The analysis revealed: the lack of teacher training and its direct impact on pedagogical practice with AH/SD students; the importance of building interinstitutional support networks to strengthen AEE; and the development and implementation of innovative teaching materials and methodologies aimed at this group. The final considerations pointed out that the expectations and specific needs of students with AH/SD are not being fully met in the context of AEE, as most of the activities offered remain limited to reinforcement in Portuguese Language and Mathematics, disregarding students’ areas of interest and potential. Furthermore, teachers reported significant challenges, such as the scarcity of specific continuing education opportunities, the lack of adequate infrastructure for services, and the shortage of diverse teaching resources, such as games and playful materials that foster curricular enrichment. Thus, it is concluded that AEE has not been able to fully meet the expectations and specific needs of these students.
Experiências de um indígena estudante no curso de medicina: das barreiras e adaptações na pandemia de Covid-19 às repercussões no pós pandemia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-18)
Souza, Raniel Martinha de
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Nordi, Aline Barreto de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965335072268661
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Luna, Willian Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1860768963636452
This final course project is an evaluative tool for the Medicine course, with a summative character for the training process. In this sense, it was elaborated following the guidelines of the Pedagogical Project of the Medicine Course at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), consisting of an autobiographical narrative about my experience as an indigenous student in the UFSCar medical course. It integrates accounts of my experiences throughout the 6 years of the course, relating experiences from the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic with the course's suspension and extended social distancing, to the return of in-person activities and the completion of the course. This work represents a synthesis of my development during the undergraduate period. Therefore, it is divided into 3 main stages: The beginning of the medical course, the Covid-19 pandemic and its processes; Clinical cycle, the return of in-person activities; And the internship cycle. Thus, I begin with a brief account describing the choice of the course: Why Medicine at UFSCar? And I conclude with the characterizations and descriptions of all the scientific production developed throughout the 6 years of the course.
Causas do desmatamento e suas consequências agroambientais e socioeconômicas no Haiti
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-20)
Joseph, Adelaine Delorieux
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Norder, Luiz Antonio Cabello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0080353709980071
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Martini, Valéria Forni
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0686674300788674
Deforestation is one of the major global threats to biodiversity and climate stability. Its most recurrent causes are associated with anthropogenic activities such as agricultural expansion, timber and charcoal extraction, mining, forest fires, burning practices, and infrastructure development, resulting in the progressive reduction of natural forests. In Haiti, this phenomenon takes on historical and structural dimensions, linked to the colonial legacy, institutional fragility, and persistent socioeconomic inequalities. This study aimed to provide a deep and multiscalar understanding of the causes of deforestation in Haiti and its agro-environmental and socioeconomic consequences, focusing on two communes in the northeast of the country (Mombin-Crochu and Vallières), whose populations are predominantly poor and dependent on wood as their primary energy source. The qualitative methodology involved two complementary stages: (i) a systematic review of the scientific literature based on the analysis of 27 publications, and (ii) participatory fieldwork, including focus groups with residents and semi-structured interviews with local authorities. The results show that deforestation in Haiti reflects a process of environmental coloniality, reproduced through poverty, dependence on wood for energy, and the absence of sustainable socioeconomic alternatives. The main consequences identified include soil erosion, landslides, reduced agricultural fertility, and the intensification of extreme climate events. We observed significant convergence between scientific data and local knowledge, demonstrating that residents possess ecological awareness and diagnoses consistent with technical literature. The proposals presented by participants such as participatory reforestation, sustainable use of forest resources, and a just energy transition point to concrete pathways for public policies grounded in ecological justice and the appreciation of community-based knowledge, reaffirming that environmental reconstruction in Haiti requires both historical repair and a decolonial ecological transition.
A aprendizagem da docência com bebês e crianças bem pequenas: uma análise de cursos de pedagogia de universidades públicas brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-20)
Gianez, Marina
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Tomazzetti, Cleonice Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4821077407620769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0813809165403154
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Moruzzi, Andréa Braga
This research brings to the educational field the debate on initial teacher training for working with infants and very young children (children from zero to three years old). Its main objective is to investigate the teacher training models for Early Childhood Education in Brazilian Public Universities, questioning the presence of specificities for the education of this age group (typically provided by daycare centers within Early Childhood Education). By drawing an analysis between the policy texts that regulate teacher training in the country and the reality found in five Brazilian Public Universities, we seek to understand how the specificities for teaching infants and very young children are presented in the Pedagogy degree programs at these institutions. To capture a glimpse of the country's regional diversity, we selected one university from each of the five macro-regions of Brazil, with the additional selection criterion being the oldest Pedagogy program in that region, as it has likely undergone most of the country's educational reforms. Using the Policy Cycle approach as a methodological inspiration, we also aimed to identify, together with the graduating students of these programs (via an online questionnaire), factors present or absent in their training that could be considered favorable for their development as future teachers of children aged 0 to 3. We first sought to understand who children aged 0 to 3 are and the specificities of their education that need to be encompassed by teacher training. Next, we verified the presence of these specificities in the official documents regulating this training, both at the federal and local levels. However, our analysis pointed to a strong invisibility of both teaching in daycare centers and the children aged 0 to 3 themselves, who were seldom or never mentioned in these documents. Regarding the analysis of the training models at the participating universities, we encountered the influence of at least two models in each institution: a more traditional model, focused on theoretical knowledge and research, and a more critical and reflective model, focused on reflecting upon and analyzing the social and political contexts surrounding education. The research also highlighted some effects that the invisibility of infants and very young children can have on teacher training and even on the quality of education in daycare centers, namely: the lack of professional recognition for teaching this age group; training gaps in Pedagogy programs; and a lack of interest in pursuing a teaching career with children aged 0 to 3. The data presented in this research aim to contribute to discussions about public policies for initial teacher training, especially for teaching infants and very young children, affirming the need to break away from the invisibility of children aged 0 to 3 and their teachers, and to understand them as the full, potent, and cultural subjects they are.
Experiências promovidas pela universidade pública e sua relevância na formação de um profissional médico com visão integrada: uma narrativa crítico-reflexiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-20)
Santos, Alessa Vitorini
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Estevão, Isabeth da Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2932607007844855
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-3711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2417676910508600
Public universities are composed of institutions that aim to fulfill the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, providing access to quality education, while also carrying the social role of training professionals with community awareness, capable of contributing to the development of society and reducing social inequalities. Among such institutions is the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), which, by putting into practice what is established by law and fostering an environment of diversity and teaching-research-extension, offers students unique experiences that contribute to shaping integrated and humanized graduates. Within this plural environment, the UFSCar medical program was created, complementing such experiences and enabling the training of physicians with critical thinking and autonomy in learning, through the active methodology known as the Constructivist Spiral. Furthermore, from the beginning, students in the program are integrated into the different levels of care within the Unified Health System (SUS), in a two-way process in which both medical education and the local population benefit. However, for practical training, students receive support from two additional foundations of the program: theory and simulation. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze each of these themes involving the public university, the UFSCar medical program, and to interweave them with personal experiences, in order to explain how this journey contributes to the training of a physician with an integrated perspective.
Desenvolvimento de tarefas auxiliares e técnicas de pós-processamento para preservação da topologia em segmentação de vasos sanguíneos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-20)
Ito, Pedro Hiroshi Ely
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Comin, Cesar Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2380737589306359
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Silva, Filipi Nascimento
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have provided important advances in blood vessel segmentation, but ensuring the correct topology and continuity of the segmented vasculature remains a significant challenge. Structural artifacts can compromise subsequent analyses, creating the need for methods that explicitly address vessel connectivity. In this work, we propose the SkelAnchor method, a new auxiliary task designed to improve segmentation connectivity through a post-processing step after CNN-based segmentation. First, we investigate simple graph-based connectivity improvement methods and demonstrate their limitations, showing that they produce discontinuous maps that are difficult for networks to learn. To overcome this, SkelAnchor introduces a smooth and continuous parameterization that encodes the local vessel skeleton distribution using anchor points. This task provides the network with rich topological and geometrical information. Our results show that a model can successfully learn the SkelAnchor task. Although the auxiliary task does not change standard segmentation metrics, we demonstrate through qualitative examples that the learned representation can be successfully used in the post-processing step to repair connectivity problems in the final segmentation. The analysis serves as a proof of concept for the use of skeleton-based auxiliary tasks to enhance the topological quality of blood vessel segmentation.
Populações (in)visibilizadas e a escola médica: perfil de estudantes de medicina em uma instituição pública
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-20)
Luz, Adriano Rodrigues
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Luporini, Rafael Luís
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8851940343344084
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-8104
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7449628737485507
The Brazilian educational profile has been transforming over the years, leading to a redefinition of what it means to “be” a university student in Brazil. In this context, it becomes increasingly necessary to understand these changes and adapt university curricula to include themes related to cultural diversity, in order to foster respect and awareness regarding the needs of specific populations. This study aimed to identify the profile of medical students at UFSCar, with special attention to those who self-declared as belonging to (in)visible populations. In addition to presenting the student profile of this medical school and comparing it with the national scenario, the research also discussed the importance of individual, collective, and institutional strategies to ensure permanence of these groups. (In)visible populations were defined as Black students; LGBTQIAPN+; Indigenous peoples; immigrants; refugees; and students with disabilities. The term “(in)visible” highlights the contradiction between the historical-cultural erasure faced by these groups, rendering them invisible, and the negative social stigmatization imposed upon them, making them hyper-visible. The study adopted a quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive design, using an online questionnaire to map the profile of medical students at the institution. Data were collected between April and December 2024, across eleven in-person meetings. Results indicated that the general profile of students at UFSCar is similar to the national profile: white, female, young adults, heterosexual, without disabilities, mostly from private schools and the Southeast region, with or without scholarships, and generally not benefiting from financial aid during the course. Additionally, the study revealed the presence of students from vulnerable groups. These findings reinforce the role of public universities as agents of social transformation and reduction of historical inequalities in access to higher education. Therefore, the adoption of retention strategies and support policies is essential to ensure the academic and personal development of (in)visible populations, promoting equity and expanding diversity in medical education.
Cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis frente às mudanças climáticas: mapeamento crítico de planos diretores na metrópole paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-20)
Carvalho, Wanessa Karoline Maciel
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6586680299774201
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Santos, Fernanda Maria da Cunha
This research critically investigates how the Master Plans of the 39 municipalities in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) have incorporated, in normative and operational terms, guidelines aimed at climate change mitigation and adaptation within the context of building smart and sustainable cities. Grounded in theoretical frameworks on climate urbanism, urban law, and environmental governance, this study articulates normative and socio-spatial dimensions, with particular attention to historical inequalities and vulnerabilities present in the metropolitan territory. Methodologically, the research employs a documentary and normative analysis, structured through a binary protocol (P1–P5) and a weighted index of climate integration applied to the Master Plans. The findings reveal that, although there are specific advances—such as in the municipality of São Paulo, with the Municipal Climate Change Policy (2009) and the Strategic Master Plan (2014)—a general picture of normative gaps, superficial climate guidelines, and limited cross-cutting integration between urban legislation and environmental policies prevails. Sub-regional analyses highlight institutional heterogeneity and the absence of mandatory climate clauses in most municipalities, thereby restricting the effectiveness of territorial planning in the face of climate emergencies. As a contribution, this research proposes guidelines for climate-smart and sustainable urbanism, emphasizing the need for reforms in Master Plans, the creation of climate action zones, the adoption of nature-based solutions, and the strengthening of public digital monitoring platforms. Ultimately, the study underscores the urgency of consolidating a climate-oriented urban law as a necessary condition to align social justice, urban resilience, and sustainability in Brazil’s largest metropolitan area.
Programas de intervenção para a promoção de habilidades sociais usadas em contextos profissionais: uma revisão de literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-22)
Castro, Valentina Joana Rocha
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Barham, Elizabeth Joan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7270-4918
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5219176746891514
Social skills are essential for the quality of interpersonal interactions and professional performance. Although there are studies about the effects of social skills intervention programs in clinical and educational contexts, an analysis of the results of different workplace intervention programs, in Brazil, has not been conducted.. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and analyze studies describing social skills training programs conducfed in Brasil, considering their effects on social behavior and the quality of workplace relationships. Searches were conducted in the SciELO, CAPES Periódicos, and the Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações databases, including empirical studies with qualitative or quasi-experimental designs that were published between 2017 and 2023. Data were extracted and organized into tables covering study design, participants, objectives, intervention strategies, evaluation procedures, and outcomes. A total of 11 studies were included, most of which used qualitative designs and had predominantly female participants aged between 30 and 50 years. The strategies used in the intervention programs included dramatizations, group dynamics, practical tasks, and online courses. Reported outcomes included improvements in empathy, assertiveness, leadership, and communication, with some studies presenting large effect sizes (e.g., d = 1.21 for leadership). In conclusion, the programs had theoretical consistency and positive effects on workers’ socioemotional development. However, controlled randomized studies are needed, with larger samples that are more representative of the Brazilian population of workers, using instruments that have satisfactory evidence of reliability and validity, and follow-up studies, to establish more robust evidence concerning the efficacy and the contributions of social skills training programs for paid workers.
Problematizando as tempestades solares: uma sequência para ensinar sobre raios cósmicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-22)
Fragozo, Valmir Galvão
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Sales, Nilva Lúcia Lombardi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6092092558776882
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8235-2741
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3791710651548610
This work presents the development and implementation of a Didactic Sequence (DS) aimed at teaching Modern and Contemporary Physics in High School, with emphasis on the topic of Cosmic Rays. The teaching–learning process was structured using the pedagogical framework of the Three Pedagogical Moments (3PM), emphasizing features such as dialogicity and problematization in the design of activities. The sequence begins with the problematization of solar storms as a starting point to contextualize concepts of particle physics and to introduce the term "Cosmic Rays" into the students' context. As an educational product of this research, a DS and its associated activities were developed, including questionnaires, essay proposals, study guides, a Kahoot activity, and a word search. During the design and implementation, it was necessary to make adaptations to the traditional 3PM structure to better align the methodology with the selected concepts and the characteristics of the target audience. The DS was applied in a private school with 12th-grade (senior) high school classes, involving dialogic activities such as model construction, essay writing, and analysis of scientific phenomena, fostering active student participation. Based on the analysis of field notes and the applied activities, student engagement was evident. The adaptations allowed for greater fluidity in lesson development and contributed to active participation, fostering connections between the studied phenomena and students' daily lives, as well as facilitating the understanding of abstract concepts in Modern Physics. Thus, the DS proved to be an alternative to the traditional transmissive teaching of Physics, with potential for selective application of some of the developed activities.
Programa de orientação parental em Terapia Ocupacional para auxiliar o cuidador principal no cotidiano das famílias de crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno Opositor Desafiador
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Bontempo, Kaíla da Silva
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1371315095038350
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-2767
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9312289383031268
Introduction: Children and adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) exhibit challenging, antisocial behaviors and difficulties with self-regulation, which compromise family routines and directly impact family members. Objective: To develop a parental guidance program in Occupational Therapy based on the analysis of caregivers’ profiles, their perceptions of the disorder’s impact on family life, the clinical conditions of children/adolescents with ODD, and the existing literature. Methodology: The research comprised three studies: Study 1 consisted of a literature review covering the last three years in the CAPES Portal, using English and Portuguese descriptors—“Oppositional Defiant Disorder,” “Family,” and “Occupational Therapy”—combined with the Boolean operator “and”; Study 2 analyzed the four profile of caregivers treated at a CAPSi through a descriptive-exploratory design, using standardized instruments to assess the behaviors of children and adolescents with ODD and parental sense of competence, as well as a semi-structured interview to explore the impact of symptoms on family routines; Study 3 involved the development of the PROPTO-ODD program through the integration of literature findings and data on caregivers’ daily lives, allowing contextual adjustments to the initial proposal. The program was organized into progressive modules with defined objectives, core content, practical activities, and support materials, based on three criteria: scientific relevance, practical pertinence to families’ real demands, and feasibility within Occupational Therapy. Results and Discussion: The systematic review (Study 1) identified 12 types of interventions for managing ODD, mostly centered on parent–child relationships and predominantly conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists, with varied approaches and an increasing focus on caregivers. Despite advances and growing interdisciplinarity, important gaps remain, particularly the lack of culturally adapted programs for the Brazilian context and the limited presence of Occupational Therapy. Study 2 showed that caregivers of children and adolescents with ODD treated at the CAPSi experience high physical and emotional burden, marked by socioeconomic vulnerability, low parental self-efficacy, and significant psychological distress. Symptom severity, coupled with limited support networks, intensifies caregiver burnout and restricts engagement in meaningful activities and self-care. Study 3 presents PROPTO-ODD as an original Occupational Therapy intervention focused on improving participation in meaningful family occupations. Final Considerations: Study 1 highlights critical gaps in the literature and underscores the need for contextualized programs; Study 2 emphasizes caregiver overload and low self-efficacy, reinforcing the importance of psychosocial support and daily routine reorganization; Study 3 introduces PROPTO-ODD as a unique Occupational Therapy contribution that integrates behavior management, routine restructuring, and activity-based therapeutic strategies. Together, the studies demonstrate the need for culturally sensitive and integrated interventions in the care of children and adolescents with ODD, considering symptoms, family dynamics, and social vulnerabilities. Thus, the program emerges as a powerful strategy to enhance care within the CAPSi by strengthening family bonds, autonomy, and daily practices in managing ODD.
Efeitos de consequências programadas e do monitoramento sobre a manutenção do seguimento de regras discrepantes em pessoas com comportamentos depressivos autorrelatados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Zapparoli, Heloísa Ribeiro
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Cortez, Mariéle Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7927746584626515
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-8330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4073066056609325
Excessive rule-following is considered central to psychological suffering, but evidence for this relation remains scarce and inconclusive. Two studies investigated the effects of variables on the maintenance of discrepant rule-following in individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms. In Study 1, the effects of programmed consequences of gain or loss were evaluated. Sixty undergraduate students were classified in levels of symptom (high or low) based on questionnaire scores and distributed across gain and loss conditions, forming four groups. The task consisted of selecting one of two comparison stimuli in the presence of a contextual cue (i.e., a green or red circle). A rule instructed participants to choose the most similar stimulus in the presence of green and the most different in the presence of red. In the gain condition, one point was earned per correct response; in the loss condition, one point was lost per error. Four blocks of 20 trials were conducted. In the odd blocks the contingencies corresponded to the rule. In the even blocks they turned discrepant, without signaling. Greater abandonment of discrepant rules was observed in the loss condition, regardless of symptom levels. Study 2 assessed the effect of monitoring under loss contingencies. Thirty-two undergraduates, also classified by symptom levels, performed a similar task. Monitoring was introduced in one discrepant block. Half of the participants were monitored in the first discrepant block and the other half in the second. Greater maintenance of rule-following occurred when monitoring was present in the first discrepant block, persisting into the subsequent discrepant block without monitoring specially among participants with high symptom levels. Results suggest that rule-following tends to decrease when it produces loss of reinforcement, regardless of the level of symptoms, but this effect can be reversed when initial contact with contingency change occurs under monitoring. The complexity of what is considered depression is discussed along with the possibility that excessive rule-following may be relevant only in some cases, but not in a generic way.
Projeto e caracterização de um protótipo de máquina automatizada para a soldagem TIG de reservatórios de sistemas de aquecimento solar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Prado, Thiago Moraes
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Santos, Rafael Formenton Macedo
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4633070062558887
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Araujo, Luis Antonio Oliveira
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3639906702064630
Process automation is an activity with significant potential for economic growth through improvements in repeatability, increased productivity, among other factors. In the Brazilian context, there are numerous companies with a high potential for automation. This work presented the development of the EMBRAPII–UFSCar – Materials project, No. 23112.014919/2020-71, which aimed at the design and construction of an automated machine prototype for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding of tanks used in solar water heating systems. The prototype validation was carried out through the characterization of the results obtained from the automated welding operation. During the project development, a mechatronic product development strategy was adopted, combining the principles of the VDI 2206 standard with product development models described in national references, such as Back (1983) and Rozenfeld et al. (2006). This strategy was structured into iterative cycles in an attempt to achieve optimal technical solutions. The prototype was designed to have four degrees of freedom, driven by servomotors, with the capability to weld tanks up to 3 m in length and 1 m in diameter. To ensure that the TIG torch maintained the appropriate welding distance, considering the irregularities caused by the radial runout of the tank, an optical sensor integrated with the torch positioning system was employed. The technical validation of the prototype was performed through mechanical and metallographic tests, focusing on the characterization of the quality of welded joints in comparison with manual and automated welding processes. This study not only incorporated data from Coroa (2023) and Cherubim (2024) regarding metallographic analyses of manual and automated welds, but also complemented these results through imaging and surface microhardness studies. The results indicated the presence of equiaxed and homogeneous microstructures in both the base material and the automated welds, favoring isotropic behavior and tensile strength. In contrast, oriented columnar (or dendritic) microstructures, typical of manual welding, were identified, exhibiting higher local hardness but lower overall mechanical performance due to anisotropy and stress concentration in interdendritic regions. It was concluded that the main objective was achieved, since the conceptual design development and the construction of an automated prototype machine for TIG welding of tanks used in solar water heating systems were successfully carried out.
Efeitos agudos da técnica de empilhamento de ar na função pulmonar de indivíduos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Pereira, Henrique Chiodi
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Oliveira-Costa, Ester Laura Cordeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2530781500200557
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https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9107-259X
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Garcia-Araujo, Adriana Sanches
Air stacking (AS) is a lung expansion technique that uses positive pressure in the respiratory system, promoting an increase in lung volume. However, a complete pulmonary function assessment to evaluate the effects of this technique allows the identification of changes in important variables such as gas diffusion. Objectives: To assess the acute effects of the AS technique on pulmonary function in apparently healthy individuals, and to evaluate the association between the effects of air stacking on pulmonary function and heart rate variability. Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial with apparently healthy individuals over 18 years of age, of both sexes. Participants underwent a one-day assessment and were then allocated into two possible groups: AS3x5 or control group. Both groups underwent pulmonary function testing through whole-body plethysmography, and heart rate variability (HRV) assessment using a heart rate monitor. On the same day, the intervention was carried out, consisting of the application of air stacking using an Ambu device attached to a mask and a positive expiratory pressure valve, in 3 sets of 5 repetitions. The difference between the groups was in the breath-holding phase of each set, as the control group was not instructed to sustain (hold) the air provided in each cycle. Results and Discussion: A total of 28 apparently healthy individuals participated in the study, with 15 in the Air Stacking (AS) group and 13 in the control group. The mean age was 21 years in both groups, with no significant differences in weight or height between them. Regarding pulmonary function variables, no significant differences were observed after the intervention in either group. Associations were found between RR intervals (Mean RR), which showed a positive correlation with FVC and FEV1. The RMSSD index also showed a positive correlation with FEV1, TLC, and the RV/TLC ratio, while SD1 was positively correlated with FVC, FEV1, TLC, and RV/TLC. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that air stacking (AS) in apparently healthy individuals did not produce acute increases in most pulmonary function variables, except for functional residual capacity after 20 minutes of technique application. Additionally, FVC and FEV1 were associated with greater data complexity and parasympathetic activity in HRV.
COVID Longa não prejudica as respostas hemodinâmicas, vasculares ou autonômicas ao exercício máximo: estudo estratificado por sexo em adultos jovens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Rodrigues, Carla Nascimento dos Santos
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5295-6229
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-9481
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Pereira, Guilherme Borges
Long COVID (LC) is a multisystemic post-viral condition, prevalent among females, and frequently associated with fatigue, exercise intolerance, and autonomic dysfunction. Although clinical reports suggest residual cardiovascular impairments, few studies employing standardized methodologies have investigated, in a sex-stratified manner, the physiological responses to maximal exercise-induced stress. This study aimed to analyze hemodynamic, autonomic, and functional responses during and up to 24 hours after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in young adults with and without LC, with an emphasis on sex-related differences. This was an observational, controlled, and stratified study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos (CAAE: 65086622.5.0000.5504). A total of 38 young adults participated (18 LC and 20 controls [CON]), categorized by biological sex as female (F) and male (M): LC-F, LC-M, CON-F, and CON-M. The protocol included hemodynamic and autonomic monitoring at rest, during, and after CPET, as well as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The following variables were assessed: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx@75%), heart rate variability (HRV), and peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak). Measurements were collected at rest, at exercise peak, and at multiple recovery time points (immediately, 3, 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours post-exercise). Female participants were evaluated between the late follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, with 75% using oral hormonal contraceptives. Statistical analyses were performed using R software (v.4.1.2), employing Student’s t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests, two- and three-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. Normality and homogeneity were verified using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. Results were expressed as mean ± SD and 95% CI, with effect size (Cohen’s d) and a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that the main physiological differences were more closely associated with biological sex than with clinical status (LC vs. CON). At rest, no significant differences were observed among groups for most hemodynamic or functional variables. The primary distinction emerged during post-exercise recovery. The only variable differing between clinical groups was the 24-hour mean SBP, which was lower in the LC-F subgroup compared with CON-F (104.0 ± 13.3 vs. 107.3 ± 11.5 mmHg; p = 0.027). In conclusion, in this sample of physically active young adults, the presence of LC did not result in clinically relevant alterations in cardiovascular, autonomic, or functional responses to maximal exercise. Biological sex emerged as the main modulator of physiological responses, underscoring the importance of sex stratification in studies of post-viral conditions.
Um novo modelo de sobrevivência com fração de cura: inferência, diagnóstico e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Cruz, Renan de Oliveira da
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-4694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3659034059499394
Survival models with a cure rate are essential when a portion of individuals does not experience the event of interest during follow-up. In many settings, it is assumed that unobservable latent causes exist which, upon activation, may trigger the event; this activation mechanism can link the outcome to the first cause, the last cause, or one selected at random. In this work, we study cure rate models that combine Weibull failure times with the discrete Bilal distribution for the number of latent causes. Parameter estimation is conducted under both classical and Bayesian approaches, and performance is assessed through simulation studies and an application to real data. The analysis also employs Cox--Snell residuals as a diagnostic tool, underscoring the role of residual assessment in this context. Within the Bayesian framework, we use model comparison criteria and case-deletion influence analysis. Taken together, the results highlight the usefulness of the proposed family in capturing latent heterogeneity and distinct activation mechanisms, offering a flexible and interpretable alternative for biomedical and/or industrial applications.
República e contemporaneidade: em busca do Ethos Republicano-Democrático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-23)
Santos, Marcos Antonio Gonçalves dos
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5964-3586
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9756619267774446
The field of education seems to have given preference to the debate concerning democracy over that which refers to issues of the republic. Many works have been devoted to explaining and promoting a certain democratic ethos within the school context; however, it seems to us that there has been a certain neglect of what would constitute the republican ethos. The latter is centered on the common good—that is, the idea of what is public and of collective interest—understood as the very essence of politics. Through a genealogical inspiration, we seek to demonstrate that the rise of the animal laborans and the implementation of the new neoliberal art of government (biopolitics/governmentality) have dissolved or gravely corrupted the ideal represented by the Republic. Neoliberal rationality, through its governmentality, has been the major obstacle preventing the field of education from teaching and promoting what we could call the republican-democratic ethos. Therefore, we defend the thesis of the need to create what we refer to as a Republican-Democratic Ethos.
Segmentação de vasos sanguíneos com poucos dados via transferência de informação de forma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Galvão, Wesley Nogueira
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Comin, Cesar Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563440403120931
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1207-4982
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3164765403744408
Blood vessel segmentation is an essential task in various areas of biomedicine, such as ophthalmology and neurology. However, this task poses a significant challenge due to the scarcity of large annotated datasets, which consequently makes the manual annotation of new samples for training efficient deep learning models a costly endeavor. Transfer learning techniques have shown promise in overcoming these limitations, allowing the reuse of representations learned in one domain to improve performance in another, even when few examples are available in the target domain. The central hypothesis indicates that leveraging a shape prior of vessel-like forms, such as their tubular and branching characteristics, can lead to more robust and data-efficient models. In this context, this dissertation investigates the transfer of shape representations from a synthetic domain to the segmentation of medical images in a few-shot regime. To this end, we introduce VessShape, a methodology for generating a large-scale synthetic dataset designed to instill a strong shape bias in segmentation models. VessShape images combine procedurally generated tubular geometries with a wide variety of textures, encouraging models to learn shape cues over appearance features. The models pre-trained with VessShape were then fine-tuned and evaluated on two real-world datasets from different domains. The results demonstrate that the approach achieves strong segmentation performance in few-shot scenarios, requiring only a small number of samples for fine-tuning. Additionally, the models demonstrate a significant zero-shot learning capability, proving able to segment vessels in unseen domains without any target-specific training. These results support that pre-training with a strong shape bias constitutes an effective strategy to overcome data scarcity and enhance generalization in blood vessel segmentation.
Estratégias quimiométricas utilizando espectroscopia vibracional e imagens digitais para análise de sal do Himalaia, açúcar mascavo e azeite de dendê
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-24)
Melo, Welem de Oliveira Santiago de
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Carneiro, Renato Lajarim
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8065852319463976
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4178212934295218
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9271-8401
Vibrational spectroscopy and digital imaging techniques, when combined with chemometric analysis, are widely applicable in food analysis. The modification of food matrices, whether through derivatization, partitioning, pre-concentration, digestion, drying, or other processes, can help reduce the presence of interfering substances in the samples, thereby improving the analytical performance of vibrational spectroscopy. In this work, 3 applications are proposed: 1) evaluation of commercial Himalayan salt sam-ples using digital imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and pre-extraction of poorly soluble compounds for LIBS analysis; 2) assessment of Raman spectroscopy for detecting adulteration in brown sugar, as well as the potential of FTIR spectroscopy for discriminating samples based on poorly soluble compounds extracted from them; 3) evaluation of commercial palm oil samples by Raman spectroscopy.