Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2026-03-10"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 4 de 4

Bioética, vulnerabilidades e participação social na avaliação de tecnologias em saúde: uma leitura das decisões da CONITEC em doenças raras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-10) Hanshkov, Viviane; Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-8293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0325866876028694; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1899-7983; Jesus, Washington Abreu de; Golim, Márjorie de Assis; Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5774512468115682; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1931667659177835; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6607-119X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-9441; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-9601; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-7334
This dissertation examines vulnerabilities and public participation in Health Technology Assessment (HTA) processes conducted by the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), with emphasis on rare diseases. A total of 83 technical reports issued between 2015 and 2024 were analyzed using a qualitative approach based on documentary analysis, systematic organization of data, and content analysis of contributions submitted during public consultations. The findings, interpreted through the lenses of Science, Technology and Society (STS) studies and bioethics, reveal that the vulnerabilities of patients and family members emerge in multiple dimensions—physical, emotional, social, economic, and related to access barriers—and appear frequently within public consultation inputs. The analysis shows that such vulnerabilities exert a real but not decisive influence on the modification of preliminary recommendations: they enhance the social legitimacy of the process and enrich the understanding of the disease context, but only lead to recommendation changes when aligned with additional clinical evidence, reduced methodological uncertainty, or economic negotiations that make the technology viable for the health system. Thus, economic considerations and the robustness of scientific evidence remain the central determinants of decision-making, whereas vulnerabilities function as interpretive and ethical elements that expand moral sensitivity but do not operate as autonomous criteria. The study concludes that, although public participation within CONITEC has advanced, challenges remain regarding the effectiveness of contributions and the systematic consideration of equity. This dissertation contributes to the STS field by problematizing the social construction of health technology decisions and by reinforcing the need to integrate bioethical principles into policies for rare diseases.
Efeitos da radiação no mineral zircão: Caracterização via espectroscopia micro-Raman e espalhamento de raios X em pequenos ângulos (SAXS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-10) Sales, Antonio Said Webbe; Guedes, Sandro de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699746686380656; Dias, Airton Natanael Coelho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7070166380084691; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3782-7293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0758819539667956; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-7396; Ferreira, Marystela; Cantão, Renato Fernandes; Soares, Cléber José; Rufino, Matheus; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5203420446734237; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7562043062124578
Radiation damage in zircon (ZrSiO₄) fundamentally compromises its reliability as a geochronometer by altering the crystalline structure through accumulation of α-recoil damage from uranium and thorium decay. This thesis presents an integrated investigation of radiation damage assessment, thermal annealing behavior, and nanoscale track morphology in zircon, employing complementary analytical techniques and advanced statistical methodologies to establish robust protocols for Raman-based thermochronology applications. The first component addresses a critical methodological gap in Raman spectroscopy preprocessing for radiation damage quantification. Twelve preprocessing combinations were systematically evaluated across six vibrational modes using 80 zircon spectra from radiation-damaged samples. Performance assessment employed fitting quality metrics and statistical validation with outlier detection protocols, algorithms (polynomial, spline, and comparing three baseline correction iterative AirPLS) combined with four normalization methods (min-max, area, peak, and vector). Results demonstrate that preprocessing effectiveness is highly mode-dependent: the ν₃(SiO₄) symmetric stretching mode at 1008 cm⁻¹ achieved superior fitting quality and precision with Spline baseline correction and Min-Max normalization, while ν₁ and ν₂(SiO₄) vibrational modes performed optimally with Polynomial baseline correction and area normalization. These findings establish standardized preprocessing protocols that enhance inter-laboratory comparability and analytical precision for U-Pb geochronology applications. The second component investigates crystalline recovery dynamics during isothermal annealing of metamict zircon through Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical modeling. A dataset of 6,225 valid spectral observations was analyzed using Generalized Additive Models (GAM), segmented regression with Differential Evolution optimization, and paired bootstrap methods to test six fundamental hypotheses. Results confirm non-linear model superiority and reveal a two-phase recovery characterized by an initial phase (Stages I-II, 473-840 K) with preferential external mode recovery and higher variability (CV ratio = 1.56), followed by a final phase (Stage III) where SiO₄ tetrahedral modes dominate and variability converges (CV ratio = 0.92). Empirical breakpoints at 607 K and 840 K validate Geisler’s three-stage phenomenological model, while bootstrap analysis reveals non-monotonic behavior in band area ratios with a peak at 622 K. These quantitative constraints provide a foundation for Raman-based low-temperature thermochronology. The third component integrates Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) measurements to characterize nanoscale ion track morphology in swift heavy-ion irradiated zircon. SAXS analysis using the hard cylinder model with Gaussian polydispersity yielded track radii ranging from 3.32 to 4.99 nm across seven samples. The correlation between SAXS track parameters and Raman FWHM is not simply linear: the sample with the largest track radius (4.99 nm) exhibits the lowest FWHM (7.38 cm⁻¹), whereas the sample with the smallest radius (3.32 nm) presents a FWHM of 13.05 cm⁻¹, indicating that reduced track radii do not necessarily imply lower vibrational disorder. This behavior reflects the fact that the two techniques respond to structurally distinct aspects of radiation damage — short-range vibrational disorder and physical nanoscale track morphology, respectively — with direct implications for the calibration of Raman parameters in fission track thermochronology. Taken together, the standardized Raman preprocessing protocols, statistical modeling of recovery kinetics, and structural characterization by SAXS offer a starting point for the standardization of Raman-based zircon analysis in thermochronological contexts, although their generalization depends on validation with independent datasets and varied chemical compositions. It should be noted that Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), included in the original research scope and reflected in the title, could not be performed due to the non-return of samples sent to the Australian Synchrotron for SAXS characterization, which also precluded the TEM stage; this absence does not affect the results obtained by Raman spectroscopy and SAXS.
Investigação empírica dos desafios e oportunidades da construção volumétrica offsite no Brasil: um estudo baseado em survey
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-10) Monteiro, Liza Bruna Reis; Paliari, José Carlos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7055627199068148; Lordsleem Júnior, Alberto Casado; Cardoso, Luiz Reynaldo de Azevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1214050781850750; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7856373955871668
Industrialization in the construction sector aims to enhance efficiency, quality, productivity, and sustainability by adopting industrial production methods. Despite gradual progress in Brazil, the large-scale implementation of industrialized construction - particularly volumetric offsite construction - remains constrained by multiple technical, economic, cultural, logistical, and institutional barriers. This study investigates the main challenges faced by the Brazilian Construction Industry in adopting volumetric offsite construction and identifies viable strategies to overcome them. A Systematic Literature Review was conducted to identify and consolidate the principal challenges reported in the Brazilian context. These findings informed the development of a Likert-scale questionnaire, which was pilot-tested and subsequently administered to professionals across the construction supply chain via survey. The results were analyzed through the Relative Importance Index (RII), enabling the ranking and categorization of challenges. The findings indicate that the most critical challenge categories are Financial (RII = 0.830), Governmental and Regulatory (RII = 0.826), and Cultural and Market-related (RII = 0.804). The highest-ranked individual challenges (RII > 0.80) include the transportation of large-scale modules, cultural resistance, shortage of skilled labor and market experience, lack of tax neutrality, and slow structural and administrative reforms. Proposed strategies to address these barriers include fiscal incentives and specific credit lines, regulatory updates and streamlined licensing, and enhanced technical dissemination, pilot projects, and stakeholder training. The study contributes empirical evidence to support decision-making by public and private stakeholders. It provides strategic guidance to foster the broader adoption of volumetric offsite construction in Brazil, promoting a transition towards more efficient and sustainable construction models.
Estudo do perfil químico e da atividade inseticida de Parahancornia amapa no controle de Atta sexdens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-10) Franco, Lulliana; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-3327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218269668179713; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-2467; Amaral, Jéssica Cristina; Almeida, Buana Carvalho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6610572791860659; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4288032934406331; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-259X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-1221
Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are important agricultural pests in Brazil, especially in Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations, due to the intense defoliation associated with the cultivation of the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. Although chemical control is widely used, many conventional insecticides exhibit low biodegradability and high environmental impact, which has encouraged the search for alternative control strategies based on natural products. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal potential of Parahancornia amapa (Apocynaceae) in the control of Atta sexdens ants. Metabolites from leaves and bark were extracted using hexane and ethanol. The hexane extract from the leaves and the ethanolic extract from the bark showed significant insecticidal activity. Based on these results, the ethanolic bark extract, which exhibited 70% activity, was selected for bioguided fractionation, initially resulting in a more active methanolic fraction (≈90%). This fraction was subsequently subjected to liquid–liquid partitioning, yielding organic and aqueous subfractions. From the organic subfraction, three compounds previously unreported for the species were isolated and structurally characterized, belonging to the benzopyran class: one pterocarpan, one chroman, and one dimer. The isolated compounds showed moderate insecticidal activity; however, the highest activity was observed for the aqueous subfraction, which exhibited 68% mortality, suggesting a high content of condensed tannins. The comparison among the results obtained for the isolated compounds, the aqueous subfraction, and the original fraction indicated that the most pronounced insecticidal activity is associated with the combined action of the metabolites present in the sample, supporting the hypothesis of a synergistic effect. Additionally, the analysis of the chemical profile of the species by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS allowed the annotation of several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, catechins, coumarins, iridoids, phenolic acids, pterocarpans, lignans, benzopyrans, and terpenes. The results obtained expand the knowledge of the chemical profile of P. amapa, which remains scarcely explored in the literature, as well as its biological potential, highlighting its relevance as a promising source for the sustainable control of leaf-cutting ants.