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Oxidação eletrolílitica por plasma como técnica de alta eficiência para degradação de fármacos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19)
Moreira, Bárbara
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-302X
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/6424734565517281
The increasing detection of emerging contaminants in bodies of waters, particularly persistent pharmaceuticals such as Fluoxetine (FLX), Ofloxacin (OFX), and Diclofenac (DCF), represents a critical environmental challenge in Brazil. Conventional wastewater treatment plants exhibit low efficiency in removing these molecules, necessitating the development of advanced remediation technologies. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) as an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) for the degradation of these compounds. The methodology involved applying the PEO process to solutions containing a mixture of these pharmaceuticals, utilizing plasma micro-discharges to promote chemical decomposition simultaneously with the formation of oxide films. The bibliographic results demonstrated high degradation capacity, with reduction rates exceeding 90% for Fluoxetine and 60% for Ofloxacin and Diclofenac within 60 minutes. Furthermore, a 57.3% reduction in Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was observed, indicating partial mineralization of the pollutants into CO2. It is concluded that the PEO technique is a promising, sustainable, and highly efficient alternative, capable of treating complex pharmaceutical residues without the need for additional external reagents, thereby contributing to the preservation of water resources.
Dinâmica da paisagem e conectividade ecológica: uma abordagem espaço-temporal aplicada ao planejamento territorial na bacia do Búzi – Moçambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19)
Machava, Castigo David Augusto
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Randhir, Timothy O.
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-9716
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
This study analyzes landscape dynamics and their effects on ecological connectivity in the Búzi River Basin, Mozambique, integrating spatio-temporal approaches, landscape metrics, and future scenario modeling. Chapter I establishes the conceptual foundation through a systematic literature review, demonstrating that landscape fragmentation, driven by land-use and land-cover changes, is the primary factor reducing structural connectivity. Chapter II evaluates landscape evolution from 1990 to 2024, revealing a significant increase in fragmentation associated with agricultural expansion and anthropogenic pressures. In Chapter III, prospective scenario modeling indicates that continuing current trends is likely to intensify connectivity loss, whereas sustainable strategies may mitigate these impacts. Chapter IV integrates environmental variables and resistance surfaces to model ecological connectivity, identifying priority areas for conservation and delineating ecological corridors using least-cost path analysis. Finally, Chapter V assesses connectivity under future scenarios, highlighting strategic corridors for ecological conservation. The results demonstrate that landscape connectivity is a dynamic process strongly shaped by land-use trajectories and emphasize the need for predictive and integrated approaches to support territorial planning and biodiversity conservation.
Efeito de agentes de ativação na geração de Cu2+-oxo-cátions em zeólitas: conversão direta do metano em metanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19)
Silva, Eliane Soares da
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Urquieta-Gonzalez, Ernesto Antonio
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5141-6004
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/7527312246913558
Methane is the main component of natural gas, a fossil resource with steadily increasing production in Brazil and abroad. On the other hand, the sustainable production of biogas, also rich in methane is strongly encouraged. However, the limited direct use of methane as a fuel or feedstock for hydrogen production has driven the development of efficient technologies to convert it into oxygenated liquid products, such as methanol, a highly valued chemical intermediate. The selective oxidation of hydrocarbons into oxygenated products requires selective catalysts that exhibit high activity under mild temperature and pressure conditions to prevent excessive CO and CO2 formation. In this context, zeolites play a significant role; as microporous materials, they stabilize copper oxo-cation sites, which are responsible for the direct conversion of methane to methanol (MTM). Given this key property of zeolites, this study aimed to investigate the application of copper-ion-exchanged mordenite (MOR), chabazite (SSZ-13), and faujasite (Y) zeolites in this reaction, exploring how the activating agent influences the nature of the resulting Cu2+ oxo-cation. The MTM chemical process comprised three steps: (i) activation of the Cu-zeolites under a flow of air, CO2, O2, or He to form active sites; (ii) reaction with methane; and (iii) off-line extraction of methanol. All the Cu-zeolites studied showed activity in the MTM conversion, even when an inert gas (He or Ar) was used as the activating agent. Based on acidity results, it was determined that efficient methanol production relies on the ratio between Cu2+ sites and Brønsted acid sites, given that methanol yields for the Cu-NaY(2.5) zeolite exceeded those of other Cu-zeolites in the protonic form, particularly when CO2 was used as the activating agent (259 µmol MeOH g⁻¹). Furthermore, the nature of the active species was identified through a theoretical-experimental comparison of in situ UV-Vis spectra with DFT-simulated spectra. Cu-zeolites activated with air, CO2, O2, or Ar exhibit multiple species, with a predominance of the 2[CuOH]⁺ species. Additionally, activation and reoxidation processes indicated that CO2 favors the formation of [Cu3O3]²⁺ trimers in the Cu-NaY(2.5) zeolite.
Jogos como recurso didático para o ensino da língua inglesa e sua adaptação para alunos com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19)
Alves, Elizete Oliveira
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Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5470976422258681
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Favaro, Denise Maria Margonari
This research looks at the process of analyzing and adapting games as teaching tools for English language instruction in middle school. This resource comes up as a low-cost, non-digital alternative to boost student motivation. The main goal is to present and analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects of four original games, focusing on accessibility for students with visual impairments. It's a qualitative study, with document analysis and a descriptive-interpretative approach, motivated by the practical challenge of including a blind student in playful activities supported by analog games. The research is based on the principles of inclusive education, Universal Design for Learning (UDL), and the theoretical contributions of John Dewey and James Paul Gee. Based on a reflective analysis of the pedagogical design of the developed games, the study discusses how their tactile features, in braille, the use of enlarged fonts and contrasting colors, along with the collaborative development of an offline digital app prototype designed as an adaptation tool for one of the games, provide structural conditions to support participation and meaningful learning in inclusive English teaching contexts. The study was developed from the teaching experience of the teacher-researcher in public school classrooms, considering specific accessibility needs observed in the school context, especially in serving students who are blind or have low vision. As an educational product, a practical guide was created to support pedagogical activities, helping English teachers use and adapt the games. It is concluded that the combination of playfulness, accessibility, and language teaching can help build more democratic and inclusive teaching practices, providing support for teacher training and for the development of low-cost educational materials aimed at the reality of Brazilian public schools.
Dinâmica do fósforo no solo e a implementação de fertilizantes organominerais bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19)
Souza, Mariana
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0608-0278
Brazil is a major importer of mineral fertilizers; however, given the global challenges, there is a growing need to develop a domestic market. This study addresses the economic and environmental issues associated with the excessive use of these fertilizers and the industrialization of agriculture. In this context, the development of modern fertilizers with microbiological and organic applications has contributed to increasing nutrient absorption efficiency and promoting sustainability. The dynamics of phosphorus in the soil directly influence its availability; therefore, strategies that increase nutrient availability to plants are necessary. In this context, slow-release fertilizers have become a promising alternative, enhancing nutrient uptake throughout the crop life cycle and enabling the replacement, even if only partially, of traditional fertilizers. An example of these inputs is the bioactive organomineral fertilizer, which provides nutrition through the combination of organic and mineral components, in addition to microbiological activation by fungi and bacteria. This product still requires further improvements; however, it has gained increasing visibility due to its ability to reuse agro-industrial waste, contributing to a circular economy.
Modelagem da permanência no mercado de trabalho formal no estado de São Paulo: uma análise de sobrevivência com dados da RAIS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-19)
Chun, Renan Silva
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4579497412852854
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4541667623576581
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Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura
This dissertation investigates the duration of formal employment in the state of São Paulo through survival analysis techniques applied to microdata from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The event of interest was defined as the termination of the employment relationship, while employment ties that remained active at the end of the follow-up period were treated as right-censored observations. The empirical strategy combined descriptive analysis, nonparametric estimation using Kaplan Meier curves with correction for delayed entry (left truncation) and survival modeling through semiparametric (Cox) and parametric approaches, complemented by residual analysis and influence measures to assess the quality of fit. The results reveal substantial heterogeneity in the risk of employment termination according to individual characteristics, establishment attributes, and economic sector. The Cox model clearly described the effect of covariates on the termination risk, while, among the parametric models, the log-normal distribution provided a good overall fit to employment duration and was adopted as the parametric benchmark of the study; its regression extension (an accelerated failure time model), which does not rely on the proportional-hazards assumption, recovered the same ordering of effects as the Cox model, reinforcing the robustness of the findings. It is concluded that survival analysis proved to be an effective and robust framework for studying the dynamics of retention and turnover in the formal labor market, producing a detailed and coherent portrait of employment duration and contributing to more precise diagnoses and to the design of evidence-based public policies. The methodological caveats identified delimit the scope of the results without compromising the consistently observed patterns. As possible extensions of this research, particular emphasis is placed on the explicit treatment of non-proportional hazards, the refinement of parameter specification, and the development of an analysis based on identified RAIS data in a secure research environment, which would allow the follow-up window of the employment relationships to be extended.
Diálogos de gênero na educação infantil: PNLD literário e prevenção da violência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-20)
Nalle, Sarah Foch
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Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo Nishiwaki
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8697942957516547
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-0062
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8992221443886916
This study investigated gender representations in children's literature works distributed through the Brazilian National Textbook and Teaching Materials Program (PNLD Literary, 2022), focusing on violence prevention in Early Childhood Education. Based on the hypothesis that children's literature can both reproduce stereotypes and promote emancipatory representations, the study analyzes non-human female characters in a selection of ten literary works. The objective was to identify exclusionary dimensions, such as submissiveness, chromatic binarism, and the naturalization of violence, as well as transformative dimensions, including agency, solidarity, and egalitarian dialogue. The research also sought to examine the role of the PNLD as a public policy and the importance of teacher mediation in fostering critical reading. The methodological approach is based on the Communicative Methodology and Dialogic Feminism, employing qualitative documentary analysis through exploratory, selective, analytical, and interpretative readings. The findings indicate that, even in symbolic representations, gender stereotypes persist, reinforcing exclusionary dimensions and highlighting the need for critical pedagogical selection and mediation. It is concluded that children's literature, when approached from a feminist and dialogic perspective, constitutes a powerful pedagogical tool for transforming inequalities and promoting a nonviolent and emancipatory education from early childhood. Furthermore, the study underscores the urgent need for qualified teacher education to support such mediation, with the aim of transforming educational practices and ensuring children's rights. As a practical outcome of the research, an educational product was developed in the form of a website, designed as a tool for the continuing professional development of teachers. Available at: https://sites.google.com/view/dialogos-genero-ei/inicio.
Meta-learning driven approach for transparent automated natural language processing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-22)
Zagatti, Fernando Rezende
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Lucrédio, Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9090396559596221
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-4036
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
This thesis addresses the challenges of Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, emphasizing the creation of models and facilitating the analysis, visualization, and interpretability of the results. Leveraging concepts from AutoML, the study explores meta-learning and hyperparameter optimization to develop a flexible and transparent approach – aiming to streamline the NLP pipeline and accommodate users with varying levels of expertise, from beginners to experts. As part of the contributions, it was developed MetaText-ClassifAI, an end-to-end AutoML framework for text classification that integrates data characterization, vectorization optimization, meta-learning, and automatic pipeline recommendation, achieving state-of-thepractice performance while reducing computational cost, execution time, and environmental impact, maintaining transparency and interpretability in the recommendation process. Furthermore, the work contributes with a analysis of the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in NLP tasks, demonstrating that, although these models are effective for automating tasks such as exploratory data analysis, traditional statistical methods can still outperform modern LLM-based approaches in specific scenarios, achieving competitive performance with lower computational cost and greater efficiency.
Características fisico-químicas, aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra de novas variedades de laranja tipo baianinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-22)
Piccin, Pedro Marques
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Bastianel, Marinês
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Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
Brazilian citrus production is of great economic importance, as the country is the world's largest producer of oranges and the leading exporter of orange juice. The development and evaluation of new Navel orange-type cultivars are important strategies to expand diversification and meet consumer market demands. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, sensory acceptance, and purchase intention of new Navel orange-type varieties intended for fresh consumption, in order to identify promising materials regarding fruit quality and market acceptance potential. The fruits were obtained from the breeding program of the Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center/IAC and were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, sensory attributes, and purchase intention by 50 untrained panelists. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test at the 5% significance level, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results demonstrated that the evaluated Navel orange-type varieties exhibited physicochemical characteristics suitable for fresh consumption. Attributes related to fruit appearance, aroma, and flavor contributed to the differentiation among varieties and influenced the evaluators' perception of quality. Among the materials studied, the IAC 22 variety stood out in terms of purchase intention, indicating strong potential for commercial acceptance. Therefore, the evaluated varieties represent promising alternatives for diversifying the supply of oranges for the fresh fruit market.
Fundamentos da fotoeletrólise da água com dióxido de titânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-22)
Ribeiro, Rafael Iacovanduano de Almeida
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Gonçalves, Roger
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5949704693295518
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6003-610X
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
Low-carbon hydrogen production presents itself as a promising advance in the quest for clean and sustainable energy sources, driving the global energy transition. More than just an alternative, this energy vector has the potential to significantly reshape the current energy landscape. In this context, titanium dioxide (TiO2) emerges as a prominent photoactive material for hydrogen production, due to its ability to catalyze the occurrrence of water electrolysis reaction under light irradiation, establishing it as one of the most promising and investigated materials in the field. This work aims to revisit and analyze the advantages and challenges inherent to the use of TiO2 in this context, as well as to explore the various factors that influence its efficiency and potential.
Limiares de urbanização atuam como filtro ambientalnas comunidades de peixes na Bacia do Rio Sorocaba: uma análise sob a lente da diversidade funcional em relação ao uso e ocupação do solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-22)
Baldini, Gustavo Alves
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Cetra, Maurício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-0661
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https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0683-7744
The Atlantic Forest is an important biodiversity hotspot and is embedded within an increasingly anthropized matrix. Recognizing the effects of anthropogenic pressure on species diversity patterns may be a way to identify potential threats and contribute to the direction of conservation actions. Species diversity within a community can be quantified through different approaches, including functional diversity, which corresponds to the roles performed by species within the ecosystem. In this study, we analyzed the variation in the functional diversity of stream fish as a function of anthropogenic pressure exerted on fish communities inhabiting streams distributed along an anthropization gradient in the Sorocaba River basin, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. To achieve this, functional diversity indices were calculated based on morphometric and trophic measurements of stream fish collected over a six-year period. Anthropogenic pressure was quantified using an Anthropogenic Pressure Index (API), calculated according to land use and land cover in the study area at two spatial scales: buffer and sub-basin. The data obtained were then subjected to linear regression analysis to test the correlation between functional diversity and anthropization. The structure of fish assemblages was analyzed in 45 stream reaches, totaling 40 species from 14 families. A high taxonomic dominance of a few generalist species was observed, especially Phalloceros reisi (FO = 0.82) and Poecilia reticulata, which together with the family Characidae accounted for more than 70% of total abundance. Local richness ranged from 1 to 13 species (S̅ = 5.91), with an average Shannon diversity of 1.09 nats/ind., reflecting simplified and numerically dominated communities. Ecomorphological characterization indicated that locomotion is the main axis of functional differentiation, whereas feeding traits showed lower variation. The trophic structure revealed the importance of autochthonous resources, with 60% of the species classified as benthic invertivores and 37.5% as omnivores. The functional space, constructed from four axes (78.26% of explained variance), demonstrated that functional richness (FRic) is maintained through the complementarity of multiple lineages (Characiformes, Siluriformes, Synbranchiformes, Gymnotiformes, and Cyprinodontiformes), highlighting that functionally unique taxa are fundamental to niche volume regardless of their abundance. Analysis of anthropogenic pressure (API) revealed that urbanization reaches critical levels (>84%) in degraded stream reaches. The relationship between API and functional diversity (FDis) proved to be scale-dependent: at the buffer scale, the relationship was non-significant, whereas at the sub-basin scale, a significant quadratic pattern (“inverted U-shape”, R² = 16.1%) was observed. This result indicates that functional diversity responds to urbanization thresholds, undergoing severe contractions only after surpassing a critical level of stress within the watershed. It is concluded that land use and land cover at the sub-basin scale act as the predominant environmental filter, and that maintaining functional integrity depends on management strategies that consider land use at this scale.
Ocupar-se nas ruínas: uma etnografia em um centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas na zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-22)
Souza, Naila Pereira
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Marcolino, Taís Quevedo
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/7197838515800679
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-5118
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/5075502527707503
At the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS)—strategic components of the Psychosocial Care Network (RAPS) in Brazil—the provision of mental health care does not occur in isolation but is deeply embedded in the local community. This local context is not merely the setting for the social determinants of health, but a living field of interactions where daily care and engagement emerge from the dynamic, situated encounter between the force of structural inequalities and the survival strategies of individuals within their real-life contexts. This study sought to understand the occupational experiences of people who receive care at a CAPS AD and live in contexts of extreme vulnerability in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Theoretically, it integrates the transactional perspective on occupation based on John Dewey’s pragmatism with Anna Tsing’s ecological anthropology, exploring precariousness as an inherent dimension of human existence and as a condition of late capitalism that forces people to “live among the ruins,” thereby stimulating the emergence of ecologies and vital arrangements where there are no promises of a guaranteed future. It is characterized as qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, with fieldwork conducted between March and August 2024. The empirical data were collected through field notes, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The analysis involved organizing, coding, and categorizing the data, relating the observed scenes to the socio-spatial context and the study’s analytical framework. The empirical findings reveal the complexity of care and the occupational experiences woven into a territory marked by socio environmental degradation, a lack of urban infrastructure, and violence. The ethnography shows that health care provision at the service is guided by the ethics of harm reduction, shifting the focus from substance use to meeting fundamental human needs, which are expressed through occupational experiences. In the face of the destabilization of daily life, CAPS AD functions as an anchor and vital source of support, where users engage with their own existence by accessing meals, workshops, and other activities that expand opportunities for social participation. The study reveals that occupational experiences emerge as practical arrangements for survival and the invention of daily life amid the city’s ruins. Actions viewed as ordinary or mundane—such as negotiating a night’s rest under a bank’s awning, improvising shelters from the rain, collecting recyclable materials, walking to the beach, wandering through the neighborhood, or hosting poetry readings in the square—constitute adaptive responses and vital arrangements in contexts of degradation. It follows that viewing these occupations as transactional and situated experiences implies recognizing that the subjects themselves are situated and bear the marks of inequality on their body-territories, yet they are not passively reduced to them. In devastated territories, occupations serve as mechanisms for shaping worlds and sustaining existence. This research contributes to Occupational Science, Occupational Therapy, and Public Health by demonstrating that, in the face of the barrenness of daily life, “keeping oneself occupied” goes beyond individual functional adaptation, revealing itself as an act of persistence and political resistance in creating the conditions to continue existing and to claim the fundamental right to live—and to live well.
Nanopartículas para o tratamento do câncer cervical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Coury Ribeiro, Guilherme
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Leite, Ana Elisa Tognoli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3170931739485037
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Batista, Ana Paula de Lima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7345615178834792
Cervical cancer represents a public health problem in Brazil, frequently characterized by diagnoses in advanced stages that compromise the clinical prognosis and raise the costs of the public healthcare system. Treatment for advanced carcinomas may involve the systemic administration of cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent with excellent pharmacological mechanics, whose therapeutic index is, however, limited by the occurrence of severe systemic side effects and the development of tumor resistance. Faced with this scenario, nanomedicine has studied ways to optimize drug targeting specifically to the tumor microenvironment. This work introduces the concepts of nanomedicine and presents a comparative analysis of three nanoplatforms documented in the scientific literature for the delivery of cisplatin in HeLa cervical carcinoma cell lines. The studied works involve estrone-targeted PEGylated liposomes, polymeric PLGA nanoparticles in a co-delivery regimen, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with carboxylic groups. The results revealed that the chemical nature of each matrix outlines distinct biological and physicochemical profiles. ES-SSL-DDP liposomes showed the highest in vitro cytotoxic potency, increasing efficacy by 169.6-fold compared to the free drug, driven by active targeting of estrone via estrogen receptors in HeLa cells. In turn, MSNs-C demonstrated quantitative superiority in loading parameters, with an approximate encapsulation efficiency of 63.7% and a loading capacity of 11.3%. In addition, they exhibited highly responsive release at more acidic pH, ensuring drug protection under neutral physiological conditions. PLGA nanoparticles enabled a synergistic therapeutic effect in inducing apoptosis when combined with silibinin, although they lack direct cellular uptake data. Regarding colloidal stability, the PLGA polymeric nanoparticle exhibited the highest negative zeta potential module of -59 mV. In summary, the analyzed nanocarriers demonstrate remarkable potential to overcome the limitations of classical chemotherapy.
Materiais à base de ZnO na degradação fotocatalítica de antibióticos: uma revisão sobre fundamentos e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Farias, Júlia Mendes
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Silva, Elson Longo da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-7791
;
Bernardi, Maria Inês Basso
The increasing presence of antibiotics in aquatic environments has raised growing concern due to their environmental persistence, ecotoxicological potential, and contribution to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes often exhibit limited efficiency in removing these compounds, allowing their continuous release into the environment. In this context, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) have emerged as promising alternatives because of their ability to generate reactive species capable of degrading persistent organic contaminants. Among these technologies, heterogeneous photocatalysis has attracted considerable attention due to its high degradation efficiency and potential application in water treatment. Among the semiconductors employed in this process, zinc oxide (ZnO) stands out because of its combination of favorable properties, including photocatalytic activity, chemical stability, and low cost compared with other semiconductor materials. The present study aimed to review the literature on the application of ZnO-based materials for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in aqueous media. The main aspects addressed include the occurrence of these contaminants in the environment, the limitations of conventional treatment methods, the fundamentals of AOP and heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO associated with its photocatalytic performance. Strategies for improving the material, including doping and heterojunction formation, were also discussed to enhance its photocatalytic efficiency. The reviewed studies demonstrate that ZnO-based materials show significant potential for the degradation of different classes of antibiotics, achieving high removal efficiencies when properly modified and applied under suitable operating conditions. Therefore, ZnO and its composites represent promising alternatives for the development of sustainable technologies aimed at the treatment of water contaminated with emerging contaminants.
Análise da influência comportamental e ambiental na regulação térmica de botos-cinza utilizando modelos mistos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Jordão, José Rafael
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Montoril, Michel Helcias
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9993502064983663
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https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8431-3087
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8665846117933773
Thermoregulation in aquatic mammals involves physiological, anatomical, and behavioral processes that contribute to heat conservation and dissipation in environments characterized by high rates of thermal exchange. In this study, the apparent temperature of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) inhabiting an estuarine environment was analyzed using thermographic data associated with environmental, behavioral, and body-region variables. The dataset had a hierarchical and unbalanced structure, with repeated observations for the same individuals, which motivated the use of mixed-effects models with a random intercept. Initially, univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the distribution of apparent temperature and identify patterns associated with water surface temperature, season, time of day, behavior, and body region. Gaussian and Gamma formulations were then compared, and the Gaussian mixed-effects model was selected as the reference model based on information criteria. Residual diagnostics indicated that the relationship between water temperature and apparent temperature was not adequately represented by a strictly linear term; therefore, the final model included polynomial terms up to the third degree for centered water temperature. The results indicated a strong influence of water surface temperature and seasonality on apparent temperature, as well as effects associated with behavior and the interaction between time of day and season. Sensitivity analyses, including nonparametric bootstrap resampling at the individual level, supported the stability of the main effects, although some contrasts among body regions showed greater uncertainty due to the unbalanced sample sizes. It is concluded that mixed-effects models provide an appropriate framework for analyzing thermographic data with a hierarchical structure, allowing environmental, behavioral, and individual factors to be jointly incorporated into the assessment of apparent thermal variation in Guiana dolphins.
Integral Closure, Whitney Stratification, and Bi-Lipschitz Invariants on Toric Varieties
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Araújo, Amanda Santos
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Silva, Thiago Filipe da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5049713215002090
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Dalbelo, Thaís Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8872438977518818
This work, we investigate the interation between combinatorial structures, algebraic and geometric properties, and metric aspects in Singularity Theory, with affine toric varieties as the main setting. The central objective is to develop an approach that allows one to describe invariants and properties of singularities using combinatorial data associated with semigroups and Newton polyhedra. First, we study the integral closure of non-degenerate ideals in rings of analytic functions associated with affine toric varieties. We show that, under suitable non-degeneracy conditions with respect to the Newton polyhedron, the integral closure of such ideals admits a precise combinatorial description, extending classical results known in the regular case. Next, we investigate toric surfaces in C3 and construct a Whitney stratification adapted to their combinatorial structure. We prove that, under appropriate conditions, it is possible to obtain a stratification with a reduced number of strata while preserving Whitney regularity conditions. Finally, we analyze the bi-Lipschitz invariance of local invariants of singularities. We establish algebraic conditions ensuring the invariance of the Łojasiewicz exponent and the local Euler obstruction. The obtained results show that toric varieties constitute a particularly suitable setting to translate analytic, algebraic, and metric phenomena into combinatorial terms, providing new tools for the systematic study of singularities in more general contexts.
Dados ambientais e biológicos da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Cetra, Mauricio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-0661
Racismo estrutural no ensino de geografia - Ensino fundamental anos finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Silva, Geovana Oliveira da
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
The present research produces a reflection on the presence of structural racism in different forms and how it influences the school environment, highlighting Geography classes during the final years of Elementary School. Starting from the understanding that racism is the result of a long historical process that began in the colonial period, whose consequences are still manifested in the social, economic, political and educational relations of the country to the present day, they are perceptible when we analyze the experiences of students in the school environment, which make evident the presence of structural racism even in monitored environments. In this context, historical aspects that contributed to the consolidation of racial inequalities are analyzed during the research, evidencing how the black population was subjected to exclusion and marginalization even after the abolition of slavery, considering the geographical point of view in the face of racial themes, which weighs different points of analysis in different periods, an example being the process of elaboration of laws and documents aimed at the African and Afro-descendant population during the period of slavery to the present moment. In this way, it allows us to connect the influence of structural racism in educational documents such as the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), highlighting the limitations that this document imposes in relation to the approaches to ethnic-racial relations in the teaching of Geography and the impacts of this absence on the critical formation of students. Throughout the research, we develop reflections on the presence of racism in everyday school life, manifested through prejudices, stereotypes and discriminatory practices that affect the construction of identity and the sense of belonging of black students. As a way of counteracting this reality, the research highlights the importance of pedagogical actions aimed at valuing African and Afro-Brazilian culture, strengthening black identity and encouraging respect for diversity. Through a qualitative approach, based on literature review and documentary analysis, it is concluded that education plays a fundamental role in combating structural racism, but it is still necessary to broaden the debates on ethnic-racial relations in the school environment to contribute to the formation of more critical, aware and committed citizens to the construction of a more just and inclusive society.
Eficácia de herbicidas residuais aplicados sobre diferentes estágios de decomposição de mulch de braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis) em diferentes lâminas de precipitação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Malagutti, João Farsoni
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Martinelli, Rodrigo
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Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
The use of Urochloa ruziziensis mulch has proven to be an effective strategy for weed management in citrus orchards. However, its interaction with residual herbicides remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of residual herbicides applied over U. ruziziensis mulch at different stages of decomposition under simulated rainfall amounts. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center (CCSM/IAC), Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with five replications. The treatments consisted of three U. ruziziensis mulch conditions (no mulch, fresh mulch, and dry mulch) and two simulated rainfall amounts (5 and 20 mm). Independent experiments were conducted with the residual herbicides sulfentrazone, indaziflam, and oxyfluorfen, in addition to an untreated control. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was used as a bioindicator species and was sown before herbicide application. Seedling emergence was assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA), and shoot dry biomass was determined at 28 DAA. The interaction between U. ruziziensis mulch and simulated rainfall influenced herbicide efficacy differently depending on the active ingredient. Sulfentrazone showed low weed control efficacy, with emergence inhibition ranging from 10 to 25% under all conditions, without significant differences among mulch treatments or rainfall amounts. Likewise, no significant differences were observed in shoot dry biomass reduction. The herbicide exhibited stable performance over time, likely due to its high water solubility and low sorption, which favor leaching. Indaziflam provided high weed control (approximately 80%), with greater efficacy under the 20-mm rainfall treatment, particularly in the presence of mulch. Shoot dry biomass reduction was also greater under the 20-mm rainfall treatment in the mulched treatments, whereas no differences were observed in the absence of mulch. Oxyfluorfen resulted in low to moderate emergence control (10–35%), with improved performance under the 20-mm rainfall treatment, especially when applied over fresh mulch. Similarly, shoot dry biomass reduction was significantly greater under 20 mm than under 5 mm of simulated rainfall. These findings highlight the importance of rainfall in activating residual herbicides and demonstrate that the interaction between mulch and the physicochemical properties of herbicides should be considered when developing weed management strategies in citrus orchards.
Isolamento térmico sustentável: potencial dos materiais renováveis na construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Godoy, Mariana Martinussi de
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Ferreira, Elisa Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9042749986031620
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-5012
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
The civil construction sector plays a central role in urban development, but it is also notable for its high consumption of natural resources and its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. These emissions are associated with both operational carbon, related to energy consumption during use, and embodied carbon, resulting from raw material extraction, material production, transport, construction, and demolition. In this scenario, thermal insulation materials are fundamental to reducing the energy consumption of buildings, as they minimize heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments, thereby decreasing the demand for artificial HVAC systems. Their performance is directly related to the presence of porous structures capable of trapping air and limiting heat transfer mechanisms, which are influenced by parameters such as porosity, density, and pore connectivity. Conventional insulating materials exhibit low thermal conductivity due to the controlled formation of these structures through industrial processes that are often energy-intensive and associated with the use of fossil or mineral raw materials. In contrast, bio-based materials utilize plant fibers and agro-industrial residues that already possess naturally favorable characteristics for trapping air, allowing porous structures to be obtained through reorganization and consolidation with lower processing demands. In addition to their potential for biodegradability, these materials feature adjustable density depending on the structural architecture, and can achieve low values comparable to those of conventional insulators. Thus, bio-based materials constitute technically promising alternatives for thermal insulation, as they combine functional performance with greater resource efficiency throughout their life cycle.