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Nanopartículas para o tratamento do câncer cervical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Coury Ribeiro, Guilherme
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Leite, Ana Elisa Tognoli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3170931739485037
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Batista, Ana Paula de Lima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7345615178834792
Cervical cancer represents a public health problem in Brazil, frequently characterized by diagnoses in advanced stages that compromise the clinical prognosis and raise the costs of the public healthcare system. Treatment for advanced carcinomas may involve the systemic administration of cisplatin, a chemotherapeutic agent with excellent pharmacological mechanics, whose therapeutic index is, however, limited by the occurrence of severe systemic side effects and the development of tumor resistance. Faced with this scenario, nanomedicine has studied ways to optimize drug targeting specifically to the tumor microenvironment. This work introduces the concepts of nanomedicine and presents a comparative analysis of three nanoplatforms documented in the scientific literature for the delivery of cisplatin in HeLa cervical carcinoma cell lines. The studied works involve estrone-targeted PEGylated liposomes, polymeric PLGA nanoparticles in a co-delivery regimen, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with carboxylic groups. The results revealed that the chemical nature of each matrix outlines distinct biological and physicochemical profiles. ES-SSL-DDP liposomes showed the highest in vitro cytotoxic potency, increasing efficacy by 169.6-fold compared to the free drug, driven by active targeting of estrone via estrogen receptors in HeLa cells. In turn, MSNs-C demonstrated quantitative superiority in loading parameters, with an approximate encapsulation efficiency of 63.7% and a loading capacity of 11.3%. In addition, they exhibited highly responsive release at more acidic pH, ensuring drug protection under neutral physiological conditions. PLGA nanoparticles enabled a synergistic therapeutic effect in inducing apoptosis when combined with silibinin, although they lack direct cellular uptake data. Regarding colloidal stability, the PLGA polymeric nanoparticle exhibited the highest negative zeta potential module of -59 mV. In summary, the analyzed nanocarriers demonstrate remarkable potential to overcome the limitations of classical chemotherapy.
Materiais à base de ZnO na degradação fotocatalítica de antibióticos: uma revisão sobre fundamentos e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Farias, Júlia Mendes
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Silva, Elson Longo da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-7791
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Bernardi, Maria Inês Basso
The increasing presence of antibiotics in aquatic environments has raised growing concern due to their environmental persistence, ecotoxicological potential, and contribution to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes often exhibit limited efficiency in removing these compounds, allowing their continuous release into the environment. In this context, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) have emerged as promising alternatives because of their ability to generate reactive species capable of degrading persistent organic contaminants. Among these technologies, heterogeneous photocatalysis has attracted considerable attention due to its high degradation efficiency and potential application in water treatment. Among the semiconductors employed in this process, zinc oxide (ZnO) stands out because of its combination of favorable properties, including photocatalytic activity, chemical stability, and low cost compared with other semiconductor materials. The present study aimed to review the literature on the application of ZnO-based materials for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in aqueous media. The main aspects addressed include the occurrence of these contaminants in the environment, the limitations of conventional treatment methods, the fundamentals of AOP and heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO associated with its photocatalytic performance. Strategies for improving the material, including doping and heterojunction formation, were also discussed to enhance its photocatalytic efficiency. The reviewed studies demonstrate that ZnO-based materials show significant potential for the degradation of different classes of antibiotics, achieving high removal efficiencies when properly modified and applied under suitable operating conditions. Therefore, ZnO and its composites represent promising alternatives for the development of sustainable technologies aimed at the treatment of water contaminated with emerging contaminants.
Análise da influência comportamental e ambiental na regulação térmica de botos-cinza utilizando modelos mistos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Jordão, José Rafael
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Montoril, Michel Helcias
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/9993502064983663
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https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8431-3087
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8665846117933773
Thermoregulation in aquatic mammals involves physiological, anatomical, and behavioral processes that contribute to heat conservation and dissipation in environments characterized by high rates of thermal exchange. In this study, the apparent temperature of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) inhabiting an estuarine environment was analyzed using thermographic data associated with environmental, behavioral, and body-region variables. The dataset had a hierarchical and unbalanced structure, with repeated observations for the same individuals, which motivated the use of mixed-effects models with a random intercept. Initially, univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the distribution of apparent temperature and identify patterns associated with water surface temperature, season, time of day, behavior, and body region. Gaussian and Gamma formulations were then compared, and the Gaussian mixed-effects model was selected as the reference model based on information criteria. Residual diagnostics indicated that the relationship between water temperature and apparent temperature was not adequately represented by a strictly linear term; therefore, the final model included polynomial terms up to the third degree for centered water temperature. The results indicated a strong influence of water surface temperature and seasonality on apparent temperature, as well as effects associated with behavior and the interaction between time of day and season. Sensitivity analyses, including nonparametric bootstrap resampling at the individual level, supported the stability of the main effects, although some contrasts among body regions showed greater uncertainty due to the unbalanced sample sizes. It is concluded that mixed-effects models provide an appropriate framework for analyzing thermographic data with a hierarchical structure, allowing environmental, behavioral, and individual factors to be jointly incorporated into the assessment of apparent thermal variation in Guiana dolphins.
Integral Closure, Whitney Stratification, and Bi-Lipschitz Invariants on Toric Varieties
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Araújo, Amanda Santos
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Silva, Thiago Filipe da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5049713215002090
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Dalbelo, Thaís Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8872438977518818
This work, we investigate the interation between combinatorial structures, algebraic and geometric properties, and metric aspects in Singularity Theory, with affine toric varieties as the main setting. The central objective is to develop an approach that allows one to describe invariants and properties of singularities using combinatorial data associated with semigroups and Newton polyhedra. First, we study the integral closure of non-degenerate ideals in rings of analytic functions associated with affine toric varieties. We show that, under suitable non-degeneracy conditions with respect to the Newton polyhedron, the integral closure of such ideals admits a precise combinatorial description, extending classical results known in the regular case. Next, we investigate toric surfaces in C3 and construct a Whitney stratification adapted to their combinatorial structure. We prove that, under appropriate conditions, it is possible to obtain a stratification with a reduced number of strata while preserving Whitney regularity conditions. Finally, we analyze the bi-Lipschitz invariance of local invariants of singularities. We establish algebraic conditions ensuring the invariance of the Łojasiewicz exponent and the local Euler obstruction. The obtained results show that toric varieties constitute a particularly suitable setting to translate analytic, algebraic, and metric phenomena into combinatorial terms, providing new tools for the systematic study of singularities in more general contexts.
Dados ambientais e biológicos da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Ribeira de Iguape
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-23)
Cetra, Mauricio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-0661
Racismo estrutural no ensino de geografia - Ensino fundamental anos finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Silva, Geovana Oliveira da
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Mariano, Neusa de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5003743301847104
The present research produces a reflection on the presence of structural racism in different forms and how it influences the school environment, highlighting Geography classes during the final years of Elementary School. Starting from the understanding that racism is the result of a long historical process that began in the colonial period, whose consequences are still manifested in the social, economic, political and educational relations of the country to the present day, they are perceptible when we analyze the experiences of students in the school environment, which make evident the presence of structural racism even in monitored environments. In this context, historical aspects that contributed to the consolidation of racial inequalities are analyzed during the research, evidencing how the black population was subjected to exclusion and marginalization even after the abolition of slavery, considering the geographical point of view in the face of racial themes, which weighs different points of analysis in different periods, an example being the process of elaboration of laws and documents aimed at the African and Afro-descendant population during the period of slavery to the present moment. In this way, it allows us to connect the influence of structural racism in educational documents such as the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), highlighting the limitations that this document imposes in relation to the approaches to ethnic-racial relations in the teaching of Geography and the impacts of this absence on the critical formation of students. Throughout the research, we develop reflections on the presence of racism in everyday school life, manifested through prejudices, stereotypes and discriminatory practices that affect the construction of identity and the sense of belonging of black students. As a way of counteracting this reality, the research highlights the importance of pedagogical actions aimed at valuing African and Afro-Brazilian culture, strengthening black identity and encouraging respect for diversity. Through a qualitative approach, based on literature review and documentary analysis, it is concluded that education plays a fundamental role in combating structural racism, but it is still necessary to broaden the debates on ethnic-racial relations in the school environment to contribute to the formation of more critical, aware and committed citizens to the construction of a more just and inclusive society.
Eficácia de herbicidas residuais aplicados sobre diferentes estágios de decomposição de mulch de braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis) em diferentes lâminas de precipitação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Malagutti, João Farsoni
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Martinelli, Rodrigo
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Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
The use of Urochloa ruziziensis mulch has proven to be an effective strategy for weed management in citrus orchards. However, its interaction with residual herbicides remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of residual herbicides applied over U. ruziziensis mulch at different stages of decomposition under simulated rainfall amounts. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Sylvio Moreira Citrus Center (CCSM/IAC), Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with five replications. The treatments consisted of three U. ruziziensis mulch conditions (no mulch, fresh mulch, and dry mulch) and two simulated rainfall amounts (5 and 20 mm). Independent experiments were conducted with the residual herbicides sulfentrazone, indaziflam, and oxyfluorfen, in addition to an untreated control. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was used as a bioindicator species and was sown before herbicide application. Seedling emergence was assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application (DAA), and shoot dry biomass was determined at 28 DAA. The interaction between U. ruziziensis mulch and simulated rainfall influenced herbicide efficacy differently depending on the active ingredient. Sulfentrazone showed low weed control efficacy, with emergence inhibition ranging from 10 to 25% under all conditions, without significant differences among mulch treatments or rainfall amounts. Likewise, no significant differences were observed in shoot dry biomass reduction. The herbicide exhibited stable performance over time, likely due to its high water solubility and low sorption, which favor leaching. Indaziflam provided high weed control (approximately 80%), with greater efficacy under the 20-mm rainfall treatment, particularly in the presence of mulch. Shoot dry biomass reduction was also greater under the 20-mm rainfall treatment in the mulched treatments, whereas no differences were observed in the absence of mulch. Oxyfluorfen resulted in low to moderate emergence control (10–35%), with improved performance under the 20-mm rainfall treatment, especially when applied over fresh mulch. Similarly, shoot dry biomass reduction was significantly greater under 20 mm than under 5 mm of simulated rainfall. These findings highlight the importance of rainfall in activating residual herbicides and demonstrate that the interaction between mulch and the physicochemical properties of herbicides should be considered when developing weed management strategies in citrus orchards.
Isolamento térmico sustentável: potencial dos materiais renováveis na construção civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Godoy, Mariana Martinussi de
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Ferreira, Elisa Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9042749986031620
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3614-5012
;
Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
The civil construction sector plays a central role in urban development, but it is also notable for its high consumption of natural resources and its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. These emissions are associated with both operational carbon, related to energy consumption during use, and embodied carbon, resulting from raw material extraction, material production, transport, construction, and demolition. In this scenario, thermal insulation materials are fundamental to reducing the energy consumption of buildings, as they minimize heat transfer between indoor and outdoor environments, thereby decreasing the demand for artificial HVAC systems. Their performance is directly related to the presence of porous structures capable of trapping air and limiting heat transfer mechanisms, which are influenced by parameters such as porosity, density, and pore connectivity. Conventional insulating materials exhibit low thermal conductivity due to the controlled formation of these structures through industrial processes that are often energy-intensive and associated with the use of fossil or mineral raw materials. In contrast, bio-based materials utilize plant fibers and agro-industrial residues that already possess naturally favorable characteristics for trapping air, allowing porous structures to be obtained through reorganization and consolidation with lower processing demands. In addition to their potential for biodegradability, these materials feature adjustable density depending on the structural architecture, and can achieve low values comparable to those of conventional insulators. Thus, bio-based materials constitute technically promising alternatives for thermal insulation, as they combine functional performance with greater resource efficiency throughout their life cycle.
Avaliação de híbridos de pimenta habanero quanto a atributos agronômicos e físico-químicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Alves, Marcel Corrêa
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Sala, Fernando Cesar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Peppers of the genus Capsicum are widely cultivated worldwide, with domestication dating back to approximately 8600 b.c., and are particularly valued for their use as condiments. In contrast to other species of the genus Capsicum, C. chinense exhibits broad genetic variability. In Brazil, there is a predominance of open-pollinated (OP) cultivars, due to the limited availability of hybrid cultivars in the market. Aiming to contribute to the supply of new hybrid materials of C. chinense of the Habanero type, the present study evaluated agronomic and physicochemical characteristics of experimental hybrids. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in a randomized block design, with twelve genotypes, including the commercial cultivars Miguelita and Valesca, used as controls. The analyses were performed based on quantitative and qualitative descriptors, as well physicochemical analyses. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The hybrid F1 1014 presented heavier fruits (36.07 g), soluble solids content (6.00 °Brix), with greater fruit diameter (3.58 cm) and pulp thickness (2.7 mm). The hybrids F1 1011 and F1 1012 presented greater yield (35.54 t ha-1 and 37.31 t ha-1, respectively), fruit mass per plant (960.50 g plant-1 and 1008.33 g plant-1), larger fruit diameter (3.67 cm and 3.48 cm), fruit length (5.62 cm and 6.12 cm), respectively. Finally, the hybrid F1 1008 presented higher fruit firmness (7.82 N), lower pH (5.21), higher total titratable acidity (0.14%), indicating better postharvest conservation characteristics and higher soluble solids content (6.33 °Brix). The experiment demonstrated the presence of heterosis in the evaluated hybrids compared with the controls, and the data collected may support the registration of new cultivars that could be introduced to the market.
Controle populacional de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: psyllidae) por aplicações sucessivas de inseticidas químicos e biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Torricelli, Guilherme Boteon
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Martinelli , Rodrigo
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Conceição, Patrícia Marluci da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/6623193710607120
Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most important disease affecting the citrus industry worldwide, and its spread is associated with the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Due to the absence of resistant commercial cultivars, one of the main strategies for HLB management is the control of its insect vector, which is predominantly achieved through applications of chemical insecticides. However, control failures have been reported in citrus orchards and may be associated with the use of insecticides with a limited ability to interfere with the different deve-lopmental stages of the pest. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of chemical insecticides with different modes of action and biological insecticides in the management of D. citri following sequential applications. The experiment was condu-cted under controlled conditions at the Sylvio Moreira Citrus Research Center of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), using a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of applications of bi-fenthrin, imidacloprid, malathion, buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, formetanate hydrochlori-de, cyantraniliprole, Cordyceps fumosorosea, Beauveria bassiana, and an untreated control. Control efficacy against the D. citri population was assessed by considering nymphs, adults, and the total insect population. The results demonstrated that cyan-traniliprole, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, and malathion were effective in controlling nym-phs, adults, and the total population. Pyriproxyfen and buprofezin provided interme-diate control of nymphs but showed low efficacy against adults. The biological insecticides exhibited poor performance against all developmental stages evaluated, indi-cating that their use should be directed toward long-term management strategies. It was concluded that bifenthrin, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, and malathion were the most effective insecticides for the population control of D. citri, although cases of re-sistance to some of these insecticides have been reported. Insecticide selection should consider all stages of the insect life cycle, and the rotation of modes of action is essential to delay the evolution of resistance, while integration with biological con-trol contributes to the long-term sustainability of pest management.
Análise da mortalidade de empresas: uma abordagem com análise de sobrevivência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Carlos, Lívia Karoline de Freitas
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Dias, Teresa Cristina Martins
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/0187724276640668
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/7559928574042465
Credit granting involves different trajectories over time, as contracts can be paid off, become delinquent, or remain under monitoring without an event occurring until the end of the observed period. In this context, this work aimed to apply Survival Analysis techniques in a competitive risk scenario, considering the outcomes of default and repayment in a simulated portfolio of renegotiated credit contracts. To this end, a fictitious database of 10,000 contracts monitored for 12 months was constructed, containing registration, financial, and behavioral variables of the companies. Initially, descriptive analyses were performed to characterize the contracts and the observed outcomes. Subsequently, the Cumulative Incidence Function was estimated for each event of interest and compared with the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Cause-specific Cox models and Fine-Gray models were also adjusted to assess the association of covariates with the analyzed outcomes. The results indicated that default was the most frequent event and occurred, on average, earlier than repayment. The comparison between Kaplan-Meier and the Cumulative Incidence Function reinforced the importance of using specific methods for competing risks, especially because treating the competing event as censoring can overestimate the cumulative probability of the event of interest. In Fine-Gray models, the cumulative incidence of default was associated with greater financial fragility and worse payment behavior, while repayment was related to a better credit profile, greater stability, and a higher percentage of payments made on time. It is concluded that Survival Analysis with competing risks constitutes a useful approach for studying the temporal dynamics of credit portfolios, allowing for the adequate differentiation of mutually exclusive events and the incorporation of censored observations.
Redução fotocatalítica de CO2 mediada por Nitretos de Carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Serino, Bruna Rocha
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Teixeira, Ivo Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9782517948999001
With population growth and the intensification of industrial activities over the last decades, there has been a significant increase in the consumption and exploitation of fossil fuel resources, leading to substantial increases in atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide (CO₂), which directly impact the aggravation of global warming and climate change. In this context, Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technologies have gained relevance by enabling the direct conversion of CO₂ into higher value-added products, such as fuels and chemical feedstocks, while also contributing to the mitigation of adverse environmental effects through the sustainable use of the carbon cycle. Therefore, this work aims to present a literature review on photocatalysis as a CCU strategy employing carbon nitrides (g-C₃N₄), addressing the fundamentals of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous photocatalysis, the mechanisms involved in the generation process of electron-hole pairs in semiconductor materials, and the main strategies employed to improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄, including doping with metallic nanoparticles and single atoms, defect engineering, and morphological control. The studies analyzed demonstrate that these modifications favor light absorption through band structure modulation, and consequently band gap tuning, charge separation and transport by inhibiting recombination, and catalytic conversion, contributing to improvements in process efficiency and product selectivity.
Caracterização agronômica e cor instrumental de linhagens de alface (Lactuca sativa l.) em cultivo convencional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Brito, Beatriz Alvarenga de
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Sala, Fernando Cesar
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most widely cultivated leafy vegetable in Brazil due to its broad adaptation to different edaphoclimatic conditions and its socioeconomic importance, especially for family farming. In response to the increasing demand for products with improved quality and extended postharvest shelf life, this study aimed to characterize and compare the agronomic performance and instrumental color of curly lettuce lines under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions using three commercial cultivars ('Vanda', 'Jade', and 'BS 155') and nine breeding lines developed by the GEHORT/UFSCar breeding program. The evaluated agronomic traits included shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), number of leaves (NL), maximum leaf width (MLW), maximum leaf length (MLL), stem diameter (SD), and stem length (SL). Instrumental color was assessed using the CIELAB color system, considering lightness (L*), chroma (C*), and hue angle (h°). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at the 5% significance level. A significant effect of genotype (p ≤ 0.05) was observed for all agronomic traits and colorimetric parameters evaluated. The results showed that some breeding lines exhibited superior agronomic performance compared with the commercial cultivars, whereas others showed similar performance, standing out for their greater biomass accumulation and more intense green coloration, characteristics desirable for lettuce commercial quality. Therefore, the best-performing breeding lines represent promising genetic material for lettuce breeding programs, contributing to the expansion of the genetic base of curly lettuce and the development of cultivars with high agronomic potential.
Caracterização mecânica dos revestimentos AlTiN/TiSiN, TiCN e AlCrN depositados por processo PVD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Silva, Matheus Felipe da
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Ventura, Carlos Eiji Hirata
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1689198421096127
With the development of industry and the application of difficult-to-machine materials, combined with machining processes that employ increasingly higher speeds, studies seeking to increase cutting tool life and improve their mechanical performance have become ever more necessary. Therefore, the present work presents the mechanical and tribological characterization of AlTiN/TiSiN, AlCrN, and TiCN coatings deposited via cathodic arc PVD onto ISO S10 grade cemented carbide (WC-Co) substrates. The methodology involved surface characterization using confocal microscopy to determine roughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for thickness measurement and morphological analysis. Adhesion was evaluated through progressive-load scratch testing, and interface integrity was assessed by Rockwell C indentation based on the VDI 3198 standard. The tribological behavior was analyzed using reciprocal pin-on-plate testing (ASTM G133) with an alumina counter-body, monitoring the coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear mechanisms via SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrated that the AlTiN/TiSiN coating exhibited the lowest roughness and the highest critical failure load (15 N), indicating superior adhesion and a potential advantage regarding chip flow over the coated surface. In the Rockwell C test, although AlCrN showed better initial performance under a 588 N load, all systems exhibited severe failure under a 1471 N load. The pin-on-plate tests indicated that the aluminum-based coatings promote the formation of protective tribofilms (Al2O3 and Cr2O3), which stabilize the CoF. EDS analyses revealed that the AlCrN coating maintained its integrity after 100 m of sliding, whereas the AlTiN/TiSiN coating allowed exposure of the substrate.
Eficiência do manejo com Rhizobium tropici e Methylobacterium symbioticum na cultura do feijoeiro comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Camões, Ernani Guim
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Silva, Gustavo Ferreira da
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/6552329435195250
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-2814
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0343390926009686
Common bean has a high nitrogen requirement and a strong dependence on mineral nitrogen fertilization, which motivates the search for biological inputs able to complement the supply of this nutrient. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation and co-inoculation of Rhizobium tropici and Methylobacterium symbioticum, applied at different phenological stages of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. IAC 2153 Cranberry, on growth, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and the economic viability of the crop. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, in a randomized complete block design, with seven treatments and five replications. Treatments combined seed inoculation with R. tropici and foliar application of M. symbioticum at the V2 and/or R5 stages. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test (5%), and an incremental economic return analysis was also performed. The number of pods per plant and grains per pod was not affected by the treatments, so that yield differences resulted essentially from grain mass. A single application of M. symbioticum at the R5 stage, without co-inoculation (T5), provided the highest yield (7.757 g plant⁻¹; 113% higher than the control), the best NUE and the highest economic return (net incremental margin of R$ 6,478.98 ha⁻¹; benefit/cost ratio of 27.8). Co-inoculation with R. tropici reduced yield, indicating antagonism. It is concluded that application timing was more decisive than the number of applications, and that foliar application of M. symbioticum at the R5 stage is a promising strategy to increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency in the crop.
Estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas nativas por semeadura direta em área de restauração florestal na Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-24)
Tangerina, Lucas Panisa
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Viani, Ricardo Augusto Gorne
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3250752369062840
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-2757
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2576034758921708
Direct seeding forest restoration has been considered an alternative to scale up ecological restoration, but its success depends on the establishment, growth, and persistence of species in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the establishment, growth, and structural and functional contribution of native tree species in a forest restoration area using direct seeding, located at the Center for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of São Carlos, in Araras, SP, six years after implementation. The experimental area consists of 0.27 ha and was originally planted with 29 native tree species, in a design composed of six blocks and four treatments. Established tree individuals were evaluated, with records of species, height, diameter, and experimental position. From the collected data, indicators of establishment, density, growth, basal area, biomass, carbon, and costs associated with direct seeding were calculated. At 72 months after implementation, 5,219 established individuals were recorded, distributed across 13 species. Sapindus saponaria showed the highest number of individuals, higher density, and greater linear occupation, while Peltophorum dubium showed greater structural growth, average biomass per individual, and total estimated carbon per species. For carbon estimates, 1,526 individuals with D30 greater than 3 cm were considered, according to the criterion adopted for inclusion in the calculations. On an aggregate scale, the area presented an estimated density of 19,329.63 individuals ha⁻¹, a carbon stock of 44.06 Mg C ha⁻¹, an average cost of R$ 0.62 per established individual, and a total implementation cost of R$ 12,060.54 ha⁻¹. The results demonstrate that direct seeding was efficient in forming an established tree community, albeit with selective performance among species. It is concluded that the evaluation of direct seeding must integrate indicators of establishment, growth, biomass, carbon, and cost, allowing the identification of species with different forms of contribution to forest restoration.
Geração e avaliação de dados sintéticos para aplicações em saúde mental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-25)
Figueiredo, Vitória Rodrigues Pinto Borelli
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3996-8599
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7999155514405484
Annotated corpora in the mental health domain are scarce and frequently cannot be publicly redistributed due to ethical and legal restrictions associated with the sensitivity of the data involved, which limits the reproducibility of experiments and collaborative progress in the field. This work proposes and evaluates a synthetic data generation pipeline for the Amive corpus, composed of anonymous social media posts annotated with depression symptoms, aiming to enable the public distribution of a functional corpus without exposing the original texts of the users who produced them. The pipeline combines machine translation via a language model (Portuguese to English and back-translation to Portuguese), paraphrase generation with the PEGASUS model through diverse beam search, and selection of the best candidate paraphrase based on semantic similarity computed by BERTScore, using BERTimbau as the representation model. The evaluation of the generated synthetic corpus, focused on the Sadness/Depressed Mood symptom, is conducted along two complementary lines: an extrinsic evaluation, in which binary classifiers of different natures (Logistic Regression, SVM, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest) are trained and tested across four scenarios combining original and synthetic data; and an intrinsic evaluation, based on lexical diversity metrics and the part-of-speech distribution of the generated corpus, complemented by a qualitative analysis of representative examples. Results indicate that the synthetic corpus largely preserves the utility of the original corpus for the classification task, with particular emphasis on recall, a metric considered more critical in mental health screening applications, where failing to identify a positive case tends to be more costly than a false alarm. However, a more consistent drop in precision is observed for classifiers trained exclusively on synthetic data when evaluated on real data, along with evidence that part of the lexical diversity introduced stems from a tendency of the pipeline to prune content in syntactically complex sentences, rather than from genuine reformulation alone. The qualitative analysis further reveals recurring patterns of discursive nuance loss, such as the depersonalization of autobiographical accounts and the literalization of metaphorical constructions. It is concluded that the proposed pipeline constitutes a viable, though not limitation-free, mechanism for generating synthetic corpora in Portuguese within the mental health domain, offering a concrete alternative to the unavailability of annotated data in this field.
Descarbonização corporativa e conformidade regulatória: um estudo comparativo das práticas de reporte de GEE da AB InBev e da Unilever frente às exigências legais brasileiras e europeias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-25)
Almeida, Julio Cesar de Oliveira
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Urban, Roberta Cerasi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7313670290572985
The intensification of climate change and the consequent tightening of national and international regulatory frameworks have placed the management and reporting of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) as strategic imperatives for the industrial and corporate sectors. This study analyzes the regulatory and methodological panorama of atmospheric emissions at state, federal, and international levels, evaluating GHG management and reporting practices from the perspective of corporate sustainability in multinationals. The research, qualitative-descriptive in nature, is based on documentary and bibliographical research, articulating primary normative sources CONAMA Resolution No. 506/2024, State Decree No. 60.076/2025 (PMEA-CETESB), and Directive (EU) 2015/2193 (MCPD), international inventory methodologies, GHG Protocol and ISO 14064-1—, and the 2025 annual sustainability reports of the multinationals Anheuser-Busch InBev (AB InBev) and Unilever PLC. The comparative analysis of the three jurisdictions shows convergences in the common objective of controlling local pollutants (Particulate Matter, $\text{SO}_2$, and $\text{NO}_x$) and relevant divergences in compliance deadlines, the stringency of technical emission limits, and regulatory philosophy—oscillating between the static enforcement paradigm predominant in the Brazilian federal sphere and the progressive continuous improvement approach adopted by both PMEA-CETESB and European regulation. At the corporate level, data verified by independent auditing demonstrate that AB InBev surpassed its emissions intensity target with a 31.9% reduction in Scopes 1, 2, and 3 against the 2017 baseline, while Unilever advances toward its operational neutrality target (Scopes 1 and 2) by 2030, with a 77% reduction already accumulated relative to the 2015 baseline. Both corporations adopt the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) as a transparency standard, signaling convergence between regulatory requirements and market practices. The study concludes that regulatory compliance alone is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the systemic decarbonization required by the commitments of the Paris Agreement and COP28, making the integration between local pollutant monitoring, corporate GHG inventories, and circular economy-oriented avoided emissions strategies indispensable.
Efeito de óleos essenciais na inibição in vitro de Geotrichum citri-aurantii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-25)
Chignolli, Maria Clara
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Schinor, Evandro Henrique
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2162760988837984
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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9237-1460
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/8893851237799315
Citrus production represents an important sector of Brazilian agribusiness, with particular emphasis on orange cultivation. However, it is highly susceptible to pathogens that compromise postharvest quality, such as the fungus Geotrichum citri-aurantii, the causal agent of sour rot in citrus fruits, resulting in significant losses in fruit quality and marketability. In Brazil, there are currently no registered products for the control of this pathogen. Given this scenario, natural products have been investigated as an alternative for disease management. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of the essential oils of Pêra orange, clove, cinnamon, and lemongrass against G. citri-aurantii. In vitro assays were conducted to evaluate the antifungal effect of essential oils extracted from dried flower buds (clove), mature fruit peels (Pêra orange), dried trunk bark (cinnamon), and fresh leaves (lemongrass). Concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μL mL⁻¹, along with a negative control (without essential oil), were incorporated into Potato Dextrose Agar medium to evaluate changes in hyphal morphology, inhibition of mycelial growth, sporulation, and conidial germination of G. citri-aurantii. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design using a 4 × 7+1 factorial arrangement. The essential oils of clove, cinnamon, and lemongrass exhibited satisfactory antifungal activity against the pathogen. Cinnamon essential oil stood out by providing high inhibition of mycelial growth (92.74%) even at the lowest concentrations tested (0.25 μL mL⁻¹), followed by clove essential oil (61.77%), whereas lemongrass essential oil was effective from 1 μL mL⁻¹ onward (70.52%). In contrast, Pêra orange essential oil showed no antifungal activity against the pathogen, promoting its development at concentrations of 8 and 16 μL mL⁻¹ (−21.22% and −36.18%, respectively). Furthermore, regarding hyphal morphology, treatments with cinnamon, lemongrass, and Pêra orange essential oils induced alterations such as vacuolization, cytoplasmic disorganization, leakage of cellular contents, and hyphal rupture, reinforcing their antifungal potential.
Adaptação transcultural do instrumento Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool e percepções de jovens com Paralisia Cerebral sobre seu envolvimento em pesquisa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-06-25)
Caseri, Carlos
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Santana, Camila Araújo Santos
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/7986401363114609
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de Campos, Ana Carolina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5292093208120940
Introduction: In recent years, there has been significant encouragement for greater public and patient involvement in the development of academic research, aiming to ensure that the perspectives and needs of the target audience are duly represented. In Brazil, studies employing participatory methodology and Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) are in their early stages, and the processes used have not yet been systematically evaluated. Objectives: To conduct a cross-cultural adaptation of the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool (PPEET)—specifically the participant questionnaire—into Brazilian Portuguese, and to describe the experiences of a group of young people with Cerebral Palsy (CP) involved in participatory research. Methodology: An observational study with a methodological and qualitative approach. The cross-cultural adaptation of the PPEET involved the following stages: a) evaluation of the previously translated version of the PPEET by a committee of eight experts; b) testing of the pre-final version with three representatives of the target audience; and c) verification and approval of the final Portuguese version by the instrument's authors. To explore perspectives on involvement, nine young people with CP who had experience with participatory research were invited; two of them participated in formulating the five questions addressing this objective via a semi-structured interview. Results: The cross-cultural adaptation of the PPEET resulted in semantic adjustments—regarding comprehensibility, scope, and relevance—to 12 items (7 from Module A and 5 from Module B) by the expert committee; these adjustments received official approval from the instrument's original authors. During the testing of the pre-final version with three representatives of the target audience, 87.75% of the questions were considered entirely clear. In the qualitative phase, 100% of the young people with CP reported positive perceptions regarding their involvement in participatory research, highlighting feelings of personal empowerment, social and professional impacts, and an understanding of scientific research. Participants also emphasized the importance of non-monetary returns based on social visibility, respect, and access to study results in plain language. Conclusion: The adapted version of the PPEET was deemed suitable for use with the Brazilian population. The findings regarding the perceptions of young adults with CP on participatory research provide relevant insights into how the PPI (Patient and Public Involvement) methodology should be implemented alongside participatory methodology tools in Brazil.