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Montagem do genoma de Madrepora oculata (Cnidaria, Scleractinia)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Franzin, Enzo; Capel, Kátia Cristina Cruz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3091885302037151; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2496-6323
Deep-sea scleractinian corals play a crucial role in maintaining marine biodiversity and regulating ocean biogeochemical processes. Among them, Madrepora oculata stands out as an important reef-building species with a broad geographic distribution. High-quality genome assemblies are essential for evolutionary, ecological, and adaptive studies; however, genomic resources for deep-sea corals remain scarce. In this context, the present study aimed to assemble the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of M. oculata using Illumina short-read and Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing data. Specimens were collected at a depth of 663 m in the Bacia de Campos and preserved frozen for subsequent DNA extraction and sequencing. Taxonomic identity was first confirmed through phylogenetic analyses based on ultraconserved elements (UCEs). Nuclear genome assembly was performed using long-read sequencing data, followed by polishing with short reads. Assembly quality was assessed before and after polishing, and genome size, heterozygosity, and repetitive content were estimated. Finally, the mitochondrial genome was assembled and annotated. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the specimen as M. oculata rather than the cryptic species M. piresae. K-mer distribution analysis estimated a haploid genome size of approximately 447 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 0.88% and 56.1% unique sequences. This estimate contrasted with the final nuclear assembly size of approximately 675 Mb, likely due to the retention of heterozygous loci as separate sequences. Despite the observed fragmentation, evidenced by 5,040 contigs and an N50 of 233.5 kb, the assembly achieved 94.4% BUSCO completeness, indicating successful recovery of most essential gene content and yielding values comparable to those reported for recently published scleractinian coral genomes. The mitochondrial genome showed an average coverage of 10,751× and was recovered as a single circular contig of 15,804 bp. The assembled sequence differed from the previously published reference mitogenome by only 37 bp, primarily within an intergenic region between the cox2 and cox3 genes, a variation that has also been observed in other Atlantic specimens. This study represents one of the first efforts to generate a nuclear genome assembly for a deep-sea scleractinian coral and provides valuable genomic resources for future evolutionary, phylogenomic, and functional investigations.
Práticas de disciplinamento e controle dos corpos dos bebês na creche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Proença, Larissa Quédema Gomes de; Lombardi, Lucia Maria Salgado dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5697508831302188; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-864X; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4345406232245420; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4016-2783
This study investigates practices regarding the disciplining and control of babies' bodies within the daily routine of daycare centers. The research aims to understand how practices controlling babies' bodies manifest in the institutional daily routine and to reflect on how early childhood educators can move beyond forms of controlling and disciplining children's bodies, thereby promoting pedagogical practices that are more sensitive, respectful, and committed to babies' rights. The central research question is: how do practices controlling babies' bodies occur in the daily life of daycare centers, and how can early childhood teaching overcome logics of disciplining to foster pedagogical relationships that respect babies' forms of expression? Methodologically, this is a qualitative study of a bibliographic nature (Malheiros, 2011), combined with narrative research on lived experiences (Lima, C. Geraldi, & J. Geraldi, 2015); it also draws on field journal entries produced while the author worked as an Education Assistant at a municipal Early Childhood Education Center in Sorocaba (Proença, 2022). The study is structured around four reflective movements: the methodological approach; a theoretical discussion on early childhood, babies in daycare, and body disciplining, engaging primarily with Michel Foucault and researchers in the Sociology of Childhood and Early Childhood Education; an analysis of three pedagogical scenarios involving play, sleep, and feeding times; and, finally, the concluding remarks. The reflections reveal that frequently naturalized daily practices can generate forms of control over babies' bodies and highlight the need to strengthen a teaching practice grounded in sensitive listening and respect for the rhythms, bodily expressions, and rights of young children.
Relação entre os efeitos da meta-clorofenilpiperazina (mCPP) na aversão condicionada ao lugar e na autolimpeza em ratos machos e fêmeas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Santos, Catharina Lemos dos; Oliveira, Amanda Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4993675879410961
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses and repetitive behaviors performed according to rigid rules, resulting in a significant reduction in patients' quality of life. In this context, animal models are practical and theoretical tools of great importance for studying OCD and other mental disorders. Among the pharmacological models for studying OCD, the administration of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), a non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, can exacerbate obsessive-compulsive and anxiety-related symptoms in humans and induce compulsive-like and pro-aversive behaviors in rodents. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mCPP (0; 0.5; 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) in the conditioned place aversion test in male and female rats, as well as the correlation of these effects with self-grooming behavior. Additionally, the influence of the estrous cycle in females was investigated. The experimental protocol consisted of three sessions for each animal: baseline (day 1), confinement (day 2), and test (day 3). During baseline and test, animals freely explored the open field for 15 minutes, with the number of entries and time spent in each quadrant being evaluated. On day 2, animals received mCPP or saline administration and were confined in one of the apparatus quadrants for 30 minutes, with grooming behavior assessed during confinement. mCPP was able to induce a pro-aversive effect in males at the 0.5 dose, reducing the time in the target quadrant on test day. In metaestrous/diestrous females, self-grooming exacerbation was observed at the 1.0 dose. Also in females, regardless of the cycle, a reduction of this behavior was observed at the 3.0 dose compared to the other doses. Finally, there was no significant correlation between conditioned place aversion and grooming. The results of the present study contribute to the mCPP literature, especially regarding the use of females in neuroscience research.
Educação escolar indígena na comunidade de Querari: práticas pedagógicas e desafios no contexto de fronteira Brasil-Colômbia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Lana, Franz Rodrigues; Franca, Gilberto Cunha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0983946781650048; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-2255; Kubeo
Indigenous school education constitutes an important instrument for the valorization of cultural identities, the preservation of traditional knowledge, and the guarantee of educational rights of Indigenous peoples. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the pedagogical practices and challenges of Indigenous school education in the Querari community, belonging to the Kubeo people, located in the Alto Uaupés region, on the border between Brazil and Colombia. The research sought to understand how the educational practices developed at the Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição Indigenous State School articulate traditional knowledge with school knowledge, considering the territorial, cultural, and social specificities of the community. Methodologically, this is a qualitative research with an exploratory and descriptive character, developed through bibliographic and documentary research. The theoretical framework was based on studies on Indigenous school education, interculturality, territoriality, pedagogical practices, and the sociocultural organization of Indigenous peoples in the Amazon, drawing on works by authors such as Gersem Baniwa, Clarice Cohn, Vera Maria Candau, Catherine Walsh, Rogério Haesbaert, Milton Santos, Diego Pedroso, and other researchers on the subject. The results showed that the Indigenous school plays an essential role in preserving the language, collective memory, and traditional knowledge of the Kubeo people, establishing itself as a space for strengthening cultural identity and building an intercultural education. Challenges were also identified related to geographic isolation, infrastructure limitations, difficulties in accessing public policies, and the need for greater appreciation of pedagogical practices grounded in traditional knowledge. It is concluded that Indigenous school education in Querari constitutes a space for cultural resistance, knowledge production, and territorial strengthening, contributing to the education of new generations without breaking with the values, culture, and identity of the Kubeo people.
Raw cardiac function data from bullfrog tadpoles exposed to SePM - FAPESP Proc 2019/08491-0
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Monteiro, Diana Amaral; Souza, Iara da Costa; Costa, Regiane Luiza da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2901217355687853; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-6673; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2726-3313; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8250-8593
O modelo de atenção ao parto domiciliar planejado no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Queiroz, Thayná Caixeiro; Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4549657176930635; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3048-5593; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9707911157012343; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-3046; Sanfelice, Clara Fróes de Oliveira; Carneiro, Jordana Brock; Trevisan, Karina Fernandes; Leister, Nathalie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0664704614004226; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3651993667424410; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6653956669807499; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6512703084462512; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-3193; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-1906
Planned home birth is internationally recognized as a safe model of care when attended by qualified professionals and supported by structured health systems. In Brazil, however, its consolidation still faces challenges related to social recognition, integration with the obstetric care network, and the absence of specific national guidelines. This study aimed to analyze the model of planned home birth care in Brazil, with the purpose of supporting the development of guidelines for its organization, qualification, and integration into the health care network. The research was conducted in three stages: a scoping review, carried out according to JBI and PRISMA-ScR recommendations, which included 13 studies published between 2012 and 2023; an observational quantitative study, conducted through a questionnaire administered to 90 PHB teams from different Brazilian regions; and the development of a national guideline grounded in scientific evidence and the empirical data produced. The scoping review revealed womancentred practices, well-defined eligibility criteria, the use of clinical protocols, and challenges related to standardisation, logistics, and coordination with the hospital network. The quantitative stage showed that most teams were composed of nurse-midwives and midwives with more than 10 years of experience, working in pairs or groups of three, using clinical protocols (75.6%) and providing antenatal care themselves (98.9%). The care practices observed followed national and international recommendations, with emphasis on rigorous postpartum monitoring and newborn care. However, important weaknesses remain, such as difficulties in accessing supplies (76.7%) and the absence of formal coordination during hospital transfers. As a final product, the National Guideline for Planned Home Birth Care was developed, containing recommendations for all stages of care, from risk screening to the postpartum period, in addition to the creation of a means of disseminating the research findings. It is concluded that this study contributes to the technical and political recognition of PHB in Brazil, providing support for the strengthening of public policies, the qualification of practice, and the expansion of safe and equitable access to this model of care.
Favelas e comunidades urbanas: o caso do município de Manaus-AM, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Vitor, Mirna de Freitas; Castro, Carolina Maria Pozzi de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2178910002833930; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-7615; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3208619089683250; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4411-4527; Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia; Ferrara, Luciana Nicolau; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2935576787315800; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-239X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0493-376X
The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) identified that 55.8% of the population of the municipality of Manaus—located in the state of Amazonas, in the Northern region of Brazil—reside in Favelas and Urban Communities (FCU). This overview places Manaus-AM among the Brazilian municipalities with the highest percentage of inhabitants living in FCUs. Multiple dimensions and scales of analysis, as well as social, urban, and environmental implications, are associated with this phenomenon.This research aims to analyze the favelization scenario in the municipality of Manaus-AM, as identified by the 2022 Demographic Census, considering historical determinants and inequalities associated with working-class territories. The study sought to problematize the expansion of this phenomenon within the city's historical urbanization process, in addition to assessing the situation of the territories identified as FCUs by the 2022 Demographic Census regarding population and territorial distribution, access to essential sanitation services, and disaster risk. To this end, data from the national census (IBGE, 2022) were integrated with the geological risk mapping of the municipality of Manaus-AM (Pedrazzi et al., 2025). Regarding the methodology, this is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative and quantitative approach, conducted through a literature review and documentary research of secondary sources. The analyses are grounded in theoretical and empirical approaches that discuss favelization as a structural phenomenon of the urbanization process in Brazil, considering geographical, social, economic, and governance aspects specific to the regional context. Among the findings, it was verified that the phenomenon of population concentration in Manaus-AM is even more significant in working-class territories, where social and environmental vulnerabilities overlap. With the exception of the Center-South Zone, all regions present high indicators of population residing in FCUs. In absolute terms, the East and North Zones stand out regarding resident population and territorial area occupied by FCUs. With respect to the conditions of access to basic sanitation services, although not exclusive to working-class territories, the most critical situations associated with water distribution, sewage disposal, and waste management are concentrated in FCUs, with the majority of cases located in the East and North Zones. Regarding geological risk, approximately 98% of the territorial area of the sectors classified as having a very high degree of geological risk are located within FCUs. The FCUs that concentrate the largest number of R4 sectors, or those with the highest number of households under this condition, are located in the East and North Zones, reinforcing the urban vulnerabilities in these regions. The results demonstrate the association between environmental and social problems in Manaus-AM, which have consolidated through multiple aspects inherent to the (re)production of inequalities within the city's historical urbanization process. This condition demands the adoption of integrated policies to ensure adequate housing for a significant portion of the population, as well as the urban and environmental improvement of the municipality.
Redes biopoliméricas semi-interpenetradas entre β-glucana e poli(líquidos iônicos) como suporte de imobilização de microalgas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Godoi, Fábio Figueira de; Fernandes, Rafaella Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7429981606975759; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1762-793X; Sarmento, Hugo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-7992; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3236444051242004
Polysaccharides have attracted considerable attention as environmentally friendly polymers due to their inherent biodegradability and biocompatibility, making them highly suitable for biomaterial applications. Their use as biodegradable materials has steadily increased over recent decades because of their wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, and cosmetic industries. Within the framework of the circular bioeconomy, biorenewable resources represent a promising strategy to meet the growing demand for technologically advanced materials derived from biomass. In this context, ionic liquids (ILs), often regarded as "green solvents," provide solutions to several challenges associated with biomass processing. More recently, however, their applications have expanded to the development of technologically relevant materials for energy storage, water treatment, and the transport and storage of gases such as CO₂. The aim of this project is to develop ionic gels as support materials for microalgae growth, providing an innovative platform for microalgae cultivation. The proposed gels consist of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) formed by the biopolymer β-glucan—extracted from an abundant yet unconventional biomass source, lichens—and polymerizable ionic liquids. The optimization of polymerization reactions is one of the main focuses of this work, together with the chemical characterization of the resulting materials using spectroscopic techniques.
Fungos urbanos em Araras-SP: levantamento bibliométrico, caracterização laboratorial e ciência cidadã no Parque Ecológico e Cultural Gilberto Rüegger Ometto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Souza, Laiane Rodrigues de; Montagnolli, Renato Nallin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7455124733755299; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-9631; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9014623328998932
Fungi perform essential ecological functions in natural and urban ecosystems, including organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, symbiotic interactions, and biodiversity maintenance. Nevertheless, urban funga remains poorly documented and discussed, particularly at the municipal scale. This study aimed to investigate fungi associated with the Gilberto Rüegger Ometto Ecological and Cultural Park, in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil, by integrating three complementary approaches: a regional bibliometric survey, field collection and laboratory characterization of macrofungi, and analysis of participatory records generated through citizen science. The bibliometric survey systematized academic works and scientific articles related to fungi in Araras and surrounding municipalities, extracting information on biological material origin, taxa cited, type of study, and recurring themes. In the field, five macrofungal specimens were recorded in the Ecological Park, mainly associated with woody substrates. Three samples were considered viable for cultivation and laboratory characterization, including fragment isolation, macroscopic colony description, microscopy, preliminary enzymatic assays, and preservation in a local fungal collection. In parallel, records from the BioFuturo na Cidade project and the iNaturalist platform were analyzed to assess the contribution of citizen science to the recognition of urban fungi in Araras. The results indicate that regional fungal research is strongly associated with agricultural topics, biological control, and plant growth promotion, whereas urban fungi and macrofungi in green areas remain underexplored. Laboratory characterization allowed the separation of morphotypes, the registration of colonial and microscopic differences, and the initial preservation of isolates. Citizen science data expanded the visibility of fungi in the municipality, although limitations related to photographic quality, geolocation, and taxonomic resolution were observed. Together, the findings show that bibliometrics, laboratory collection, and citizen science are complementary approaches for building an initial knowledge base on the urban funga of Araras, São Paulo.
Estudo comparativo de métodos de embeddings de grafo para tarefa de agrupamento com foco na análise de robustez ao ruído
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Ueno, Igor Kenji Kawai; Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830
The production of information is currently at its highest level in history, growing year after year with no signs of slowing down in the near future. This massive volume of data originates from a wide variety of sources and formats, ranging from sensor readings collected by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smartwatches, to video sharing on social media platforms. Together, these data constitute the massive body of information and the field of study known as Big Data, which can be characterized by the 5 Vs: volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value, summarizing the richness of this virtually unlimited source of data. However, not only has data production increased, but the quality and complexity of these data have also evolved, with tables, images, and networks becoming increasingly larger and more detailed. Although these data hold great potential, allowing valuable information and insights to be extracted, their raw form is not suitable for direct use by most Machine Learning algorithms. Therefore, preprocessing is required to refine the data, thereby improving the performance of these models. Among the tasks in this field, clustering aims to identify patterns in data in order to partition them into groups based on their similarity, without relying on external labels that define such a partition. When considered in the context of graphs, clustering can be translated into the task of community detection, in which, besides the possible features associated with the nodes, the connections between them are also taken into account. Another approach to this problem is graph embedding, which transforms graph nodes into numerical vectors in a latent space while preserving notions of proximity from the original space. As a result, clustering and community detection become equivalent tasks. The embedding process can be applied to different types of data and various data components in order to provide a unified vector representation. With this in mind, the objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of different graph embedding and clustering models on a collection of graphs for the task of grouping nodes, with community detection serving as the analogous problem in the graph domain. In addition, robustness analyses were conducted to evaluate the resilience of these models to the presence of noise in graphs, since real-world data frequently contain noisy information that may remain untreated and negatively affect the quality of downstream tasks. The experimental results demonstrate that each graph scenario and combination of embedding and clustering models exhibits distinct behaviors and performance characteristics, requiring different hyperparameter configurations and presenting different levels of robustness to noise. Although promising results were obtained in some cases, the practical viability of this approach requires further investigation before it can be conclusively confirmed or ruled out.
Narrativas da ordem: gênero e sexualidade nas escolas cívico-militares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Silveira Almeida, Letícia; Souza, Geraldo Tadeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3516168011612531; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-0027; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5128056845480507; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8144-9842
This Undergraduate Thesis analyzes the implementation of civic-military schools in the public education system through the lens of gender and sexuality studies. The general objective is to understand how the civic-military model operates in regulating and controlling the bodies of dissident identities and the LGBTQIAPN+ community, as well as to investigate the links between political neoconservatism, militarism, and the production of hegemonic masculinities within the school space. Methodologically, this qualitative research articulates documentary and bibliographic methods, drawing its analytical corpus from the 2024 Supreme Federal Court Public Hearing speeches, the theoretical frameworks of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler, and the student conduct manuals from militarized institutions in the states of São Paulo, Mato Grosso, and Paraná. The results indicate that the analyzed model operates as a binary and punitive gender technology aimed at standardizing and homogenizing students through rigid disciplinary regimes. It is evident that such aesthetic and behavioral restrictions penalize diversity and foster the institutional silencing of plural subjectivities. The study concludes that the neoconservative alliance uses school militarization as a mechanism for moral and social containment, thereby undermining the democratic and emancipatory function of public schooling guaranteed by the 1988 Constitution.
Análise Comparativa entre Exposição Direta a Índices e Estratégias com Opções sob Diferentes Regimes de Mercado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Schmidt, Augusto Paulo; Gomes, Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5519527278619089
This work proposes a comparative analysis between direct exposure to market indices and the use of options strategies, combining a theoretical approach based on simpliﬁed scenarios with an empirical study on real S&P 500 options data. In ﬁnancial markets, the decision between maintaining a position in the underlying asset or using derivative instruments involves relevant considerations related to potential return, capital protection, payoﬀ asymmetry, hedging cost, and sensitivity to variables such as volatility and the passage of time. The study begins with a historical contextualization of the evolution of ﬁnancial markets and the emergence of derivatives, followed by the theoretical foundation necessary to understand options, their Greeks, and the arbitrage pricing principles underlying the Black-Scholes-Merton model. Building on this foundation, three valuation methodologies are compared for the same position in out-of-the-money calls: full repricing via Black-Scholes- Merton (Full Valuation), the traditional local Delta-Gamma approximation, and an extension proposed in this work, in which gamma is adjusted as a function of the underlying asset’s proximity to the strike. These three methodologies are then confronted with real daily closing data of SPX options throughout 2023, organized into three 90-day windows with distinct market regimes, under a risk equalization criterion that calibrates the size of the options position by the expected loss equivalent to that of a direct position in the index. The results show that the advantage of the real option over the spot, when it exists, is concentrated in speciﬁc time windows and is not sustained throughout the analyzed horizon, outperforming the index return in only between 7% and 27% of the tested vertices, depending on the market regime. The Delta-Gamma approximations, by freezing sensitivities at the initial instant, overestimate the real result in more than 80% of cases, as they fail to incorporate the time decay or the implied volatility variation observed in the market. It was also found that, during periods of index decline, the options structure acted more consistently as a loss-limiting instrument than as a gain ampliﬁer. It is concluded that the convexity of OTM options is an economically real mechanism, but its conversion into a net advantage over direct exposure depends critically on the timing of evaluation and on the simpliﬁcations adopted by each methodology.
Avaliação do lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto como meio carreador e de proteção do agente de controle biológico Trichoderma harzianum para aplicação na agricultura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Leite, Priscila Polaquini de Macedo; Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-1460; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-6343; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1550163732947528; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2760-1346
The growing demand for food, driven by population growth, has intensified the need for more productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems due to the environmental and human health risks associated with conventional agricultural practices. In this context, biocontrol agents have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional agrochemicals, particularly fungi of the Trichoderma genus, which are widely recognized for their ability to control phytopathogens and promote plant growth. However, when applied to the aerial parts of plants, these microorganisms are sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and temperature fluctuations, factors that reduce their viability and effectiveness. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a sewage sludge-based granule for the incorporation of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum, evaluating its potential as a carrier matrix and as a physical barrier against UV radiation, for application either as a water-based suspension pulverized onto the phyllosphere or as whole granules applied directly to the soil. The granules were produced using sewage sludge and glycerol and were subsequently characterized regarding their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. The material exhibited biocompatibility with the fungus, causing no inhibition halo formation and allowing fungal growth and colonization after the granulation process. Furthermore, the granules showed high mechanical resistance, with an average maximum compressive force of 21.46 ± 1.24 N and a mass loss of approximately 0.1% in the abrasion test. UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis revealed high absorption in the ultraviolet region, particularly between 260 and 350 nm, suggesting the potential of the material to act as a partial barrier against incident UV radiation. Overall, the results indicate that sewage sludge has potential as a carrier matrix for Trichoderma harzianum, contributing to the development of more sustainable agricultural formulations aligned with the principles of the circular economy, such as waste valorization and the return of nutrients to the soil.
Expressão heteróloga e análise in silico da nova enzima halogenase “LavH” de Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. lavendulae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Silva, João Pedro Nardachione; Silva, Adilson José da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447469350644179
Halogenases are enzymes capable of adding a halogen atom to an organic molecule. They are present in diverse genera of microorganisms and exhibit a wide variety of substrates and mechanisms of action, such as flavin-dependent halogenases (FDHs), which are capable of halogenating L-tryptophan using FADH2 (reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide) as a cofactor. There is industrial interest in prospecting for new halogenases, since industrial halogenation methods rely on toxic reagents, lack stereochemical specificity, and generate polluting and harmful byproducts. In this context, the present study reports, for the first time, the heterologous expression and in silico studies of the FDH from Streptomyces lavendulae subsp. lavendulae, herein named LavH. Its activity as an L-tryptophan halogenase with chlorine and bromine was confirmed in vivo in Escherichia coli cells through mass spectrometry, and excellent solubility was observed, unlike other halogenases, which are usually poorly soluble. Furthermore, to increase its viability for use in a biofactory, the enzyme was fused with the E. coli flavin reductase Fre, resulting in a highly insoluble fused enzyme, a finding that contrasts with existing literature. Thus, for in vitro assays, LavH and Fre were purified by affinity chromatography using Ni-NTA (nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid) columns. However, insufficient halogenated product was formed through the in vitro assay for quantification via HPLC, indicating that further assays with longer reaction times are required. For the in silico analyses, sequence alignment and the construction of a phylogenetic tree with other characterized FDHs were performed, revealing an evolutionary proximity to the enzymes BorH and ThaL. Subsequently, the three-dimensional structure of LavH was modeled using AlphaFold3, and molecular docking studies were carried out to elucidate the catalytic site structure and its halogenation preference for the L-tryptophan substrate. Ultimately, this study contributes to the understanding of the activity of this novel halogenase, its structure, and its evolutionary relationship with other enzymes, as well as its potential as an industrial enzyme and the challenges associated with this application.
A teoria Zhong Yong e a cultura oriental: uma análise em narrativas alegóricas da literatura brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-07-08) Chen, Michelle Xiao Xu Yan; Monteiro, Maria Iolanda; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4189205834370563; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-1437
This study examines the presence of characteristics of the Zhong Yong Theory, also known as the Doctrine of the Mean or the Middle Way, in allegorical narratives of Brazilian literature, establishing connections among culture, literature, and education. It is based on the understanding that fables and parables are important pedagogical tools for transmitting values, cultural traditions, and ways of understanding life in society. The study aimed to describe how the Zhong Yong Theory, an Eastern philosophical tradition, is represented in these narratives, compare it with values associated with Western culture, and analyze its educational and formative potential. This qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was based on a literature review encompassing research on the concept of culture, the characteristics of Eastern and Western cultures, the principles of the Zhong Yong Theory, and the role of allegorical narratives—particularly fables and parables—as cultural and educational instruments. Based on the theoretical framework, seven analytical categories were established: harmonious social relationships, appreciation of learning across generations, cultivation of virtues, pursuit of the collective good, avoidance of excess, hierarchy and clearly defined social roles, and the promotion of complementary rather than polarized relationships. Six fables reflecting Eastern values and three reflecting Western values were analyzed. The findings indicate that narratives embodying Eastern values consistently emphasize balance, wisdom, collectivism, moderation, and learning developed through the relationship between teacher and disciple. In contrast, the Western narratives analyzed privilege perspectives grounded in competition, individualism, and the logic of the survival of the fittest. The study concludes that allegorical narratives constitute important cultural and educational means for transmitting values and worldviews, thereby influencing individuals' moral and social development. Furthermore, the findings contribute to expanding the pedagogical potential of allegorical narratives as instruments for critical reflection and intercultural education.