Dinâmica espacial, influências antrópicas e sazonalidade com enfoque nas aves em ambientes ripários do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, MG, Brasil
Abstract
Birds that depends on wetlands has been the subject of studies by many
researchers. However, researches in regions of altitude in the Cerrado are rare. The first
chapter of the present study aimed to describe the bird assemblages that inhabit the
riparian environments and others wetlands of the Serra da Canastra National Park and
analyze the associations between birds and their habitats. The second chapter aimed to
investigate the basic ecological aspects of tapaculo-de-Brasília (Scytalopus
novacapitalis), a threatened bird dependent on riparian environments and understand the
effects of fires and the invasion of javaporco (Sus scrofa) in the occupation of wetlands
by the bird. Data were collected between 2015 and 2019, from seasonal samplings at
selected stretches or points of rivers and small bodies of water, as well as wetlands
distributed on the main plateau of the conservation unit, between 1250 m and 1450 m
altitude. Nineteen species were recorded in high altitude areas, being two endangered
and the other two migrants from the Neartic. There was a significant difference in the
assemblages that make use of the eight different types of habitats sampled, and some
have a strong relation with certain habitats. The tapaculo-de-Brasília was strongly
territorialist, with a higher rate of detection in the reproductive period. The probability of
occupation of riparian environments presented fluctuation along the seasons. When
affected by fires, the occupation of habitats by the bird was reduced, but returned to the
original parameters after the second post-fire month. In the case of areas invaded by
javaporco, there was a continuous drop in habitat occupancy over the months. The results
of the two studies indicate that the conservation of key species or specific habitats may
bring benefits to other conservation priority species. It is urgent and necessary measures
that reduce or impede access to the wetlands by javaporco due to their negative influence
on the occupation by the tapaculo-de-Brasília, an endemic bird of wetlands of the Brazilian
Cerrado.