Democracia ambiental em Parauapebas-PA: mecanismos participativos para promoção de direitos de acesso em matéria ambiental
Abstract
Environmental democracy has within its scope the rights of access to
information, participation and environmental justice. These precepts are at the
heart of the Ecological State of Law and are intertwined at the intersection
between human rights and the right to the environment. In this sense, the
research carried out an investigation into environmental democracy in the
mining municipality of Parauapebas-PA, with the experimentation of a more
popular and diffuse participatory instrument, aiming at a new arrangement in
environmental participation. Through action research, some instruments were
used to collect and produce data, which provided elementary conditions to raise
the main debate established by the study. A survey was carried out among the
local population and interviews with the Executive Public Power - procedures
that provided subsidies for the construction of a diagnosis of social participation
at the local level using the “C.L.E.A.R Tool”, a methodology developed for the
European Commission. Subsequently, public hearings were held together with
the Public Ministry of the State of Pará to debate the main environmental
challenges highlighted by the population. The research results demonstrate that
the absence of legitimate formal structures to develop and operationalize
access rights in environmental matters, as well as at the federal level, also
occurs in the municipality of Parauapebas. The diagnosis revealed that the
municipality does not have community and civic spirit and programs to support
participation. Furthermore, the research showed that environmental information
is neglected and centralized in the head of the executive branch. The results
also reveal that the forum established with the facilitation of the Public Ministry
and the participation of the specialized Public Power, in addition to civil society
and academia, is successful as a space for exercising participatory democracy
and provided conditions for suggestions of public policies necessary for the
guarantee of environmental access, such as the creation of space to strengthen
social movements and community culture, establishment of commissions for
articulation and representation of people and communities, strengthening of
neighborhood organizations, establishment of routines and spaces for social
listening and the creation of an education program for citizens and civil servants
for social participation. Thus, the research showed that the population in this
municipality in the Amazon of Pará is more responsive to the democratic
institution than the public authorities and that forums and spaces for social
participation produce important narratives and contribute to the construction of
more assertive public governance.
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