Controle da poluição do ar por filtração híbrida de material particulado proveniente da indústria siderúrgica
Abstract
The transmission of specific material by industry poses a serious threat to the environment
and human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Statistics report of
2018 revealed that air pollution was involved in approximately 7 million premature deaths
worldwide by 2016, and data from 2022, also from the WHO, showed that more than 99% of
the world's population breathes the air that is considered unhealthy. A promising alternative
to control air pollution is the hybrid filter. These filters combine traditional gas and solid
particle separation equipment, such as electrostatic precipitators and bag filters, in a single
device. This project aims to analyze the performance of hybrid filtration in relation to
collection efficiency, cake porosity, filtration time and pressure drop in a bench-scale
equipment, at different electric field intensities applied to the precipitator. The superficial
filtration velocity in the system was 0.047 m.s-1 (2.8 m.min-1) and in the electrostatic
precipitator it was 0.74 m.s-1. The electric fields applied to the electrostatic precipitator were
0.0, -2.0 and -4.0 kV.cm-1. The particulate materials tested were phosphate rock and sintering
dust, the latter coming from the hoppers of an industrial bag filter. The filter materials tested
were polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PE). As a result, as the voltage applied to the
precipitator increased, an increase in the collection efficiency was observed in the precipitator
and in the filter, causing the efficiency in the hybrid filter to reach values of 100% for some
operational conditions investigated. The filter material that presented the best collection
efficiency for the tests performed with phosphate rock was polypropylene, while for the
sintering powder, both filter materials presented good performance. The porosity values for
the sintering powder were similar to both the polypropylene and polyester filtration tests.
However, when considering phosphate rock, it is recommended that the tests with polyester
resulted in higher porosities than those with polypropylene. The longest filtration time to
reach the pressure drop of 100 mmH2O in the hybrid filter tests occurred under the
conditions of greatest eclectic field applied to the precipitator. For industrial filters, this result
can be translated into a lower frequency of cleaning pulses in the bags, and, consequently, a
longer useful life, reducing the costs with the total bag replacement.
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