Migrações de trabalhadores maranhenses para o corte da cana-de-açúcar no interior do Estado de São Paulo: o percurso da "precisão"

Abstract

The end of the 90's was characterized in relation to the migration process bringing new elements. Among them, the impossibility of reproducing small family farms caused by the expulsion process. In this context, workers from Maranhão became the new actors, with workers from Minas Gerais and Bahia, and migrates to the state of São Paulo to work on cutting sugar cane. With this mind the objective of the thesis is to show that workers from distants regions of the country, specifically from Maranhão, are migrating to cut the cane in São Paulo, from the late 1990's? One hypothesis is that the Brazilian government has a participations in the migration of these workers by "promote" the process of expulsion through the adoption of agrobusiness as a development strategy of the country, besides the growth of the sugarcane industry after the 1990s mainly in the state of São Paulo. The used methodology is based on intensive literature review, using indicators of IBGE, Agricultural Census and official numbers showing that there is a crisis in the agricultural falmily on the state of Maranhão, and a study case of workers from Maranhão. It is conclude that, the migration of Maranhão, as pointed out earlier studies, it is not based on temporary wage as a means of keeping the family production unit, but in this case, migration is meant to keep the family unit. In these, cases the wage became definitive, because the process of expulsion and the politicies of Maranhão do not give condition to these small farmers, strengthening and making effective the migratory process.