Pesquisa participativa no Rio São Francisco, região de Três Marias-MG: contaminação ambiental e comunidade pesqueira
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2007-05-12Autor
Silva, Erida Ferreira Araújo
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The increasing public recognition of environmental degradation and inequitable use of natural resources drives the search for environmentally sustainable and socially equitable resource utilization. In this search context is recognized the necessarily considers different spheres that make up a complex environmental problem including environmental, social, economic and cultural questions. This recent change in perspective and paradigm allows scientific knowledge to authoritatively trump other types of knowledge, such as traditional knowledge developed from the culture and way of life of traditional extractive communities. To develop a scientific research project that considers popular knowledge was used the action-based research perspective on the metal contamination evaluation in the Sao Francisco River trough the water, sediment and muscle fish metals evaluation. The results were compared with the specific environment quality criteria and indicated that the waters of the Sao Francisco River in the area influenced by VM are primarily contaminated by zinc and manganese, at levels that violate the resolution 357/05 of the Brazilian National Environment Committee (CONAMA) in two points during the dry season. In the rainy season, contamination is more serious, as more violations of the CONAMA Resolution 357/05 are found for a variety of metals (Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu e Fe). This is probably due to run-off from soils with residual deposits, increased percolation from retention ponds, and increased quantity of suspended material in the water with potential to aggregate metal contaminants. For sediments in the study area, there are worrisome metal concentrations that exceed this tabulated Severe Effect Limits (SEL) by up to 16 times, indicating a strong probability that the sediments are causing an adverse effect on the biota and contributing significantly to the degradation of water quality. With respect to contamination of fish, of the 54 fish analyzed, only one showed concentrations of metals above the limits for human consumption established by decree 685/98 of the National Agency for Health Vigilance (ANVISA). Another results were multi-stakeholder involvement in an environmental problem through participative tools, promoting the exchange of different types of knowledge, fosters dialogue between different actors involved in the same socio-environmental context, and promotes the insertion of research into the context of the complexity in which the demand for it developed. Science is thus applied in favor of the community in search of sustainable livelihoods and environments.