A qualidade de vida da criança durante a internação hospitalar
Abstract
Childhood is characterized by a development process in which the play is essential
for the quality of life. Nevertheless, in hospitalization, studies indicate changes in the performance of the play, and consequently, the quality of children's life. It was proposed to assess the child's quality of life during hospitalization. This is a
descriptive, cross-sectional research, which proposed to compare two groups, one
(Group 1) in the absence of toy room or permanent toy in pediatric ward and the
other (Group 2) in the presence of toy or toy room in the pediatric ward. Twelve
children were interviewed, 8 belonging to Group 1 and 4 to Group 2, aged six to 12
years, it was used the Autoquestionnaire Qualité De Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI), as
well as interviews with the participants and their responsible ones. The results
revealed in Group 1 the possibility of interaction and play among children, different
from Group 2 in which it was noted restrictions on single room (bed-box). As to
permanent toy, it was not observed effectiveness regarding access and use on free demand, obtaining satisfactory results in relation to play in the service of
occupational therapy. It was found that children who play reported positive feelings
(happiness) during the hospitalization experience. In AUQEI scale, it was verified in
Group 1 that 37.5% of children have had damages in the quality of life, being the
average 49.5 with P.D. = 5.88, above the cutoff of 48 expected to satisfactory quality
of life. While in Group 2, the damage was appointed in 75% of the cases, with an
average of 46.5 with P.D. = 4.65, that is, below expectations. Statistically, it was not
observed significant differences by the Mann-Whitney test (5%) between the
comparison of groups, being not rejected the hypothesis that the groups are equal,
however, it is considered the particularities and diversities of the groups. The AUQEI
instrument showed good psychometric properties when applied to the two groups.
The study shows the establishment of a positive relationship to the sense of well
being and quality of life for children who play. Moreover, it must be considered the
clinical condition, the subjectivity of the way to understand and face this experience
and the importance of play, especially as the stimulus. Therefore, it is necessary to
expand the look, be careful and sensitive to everything around a hospitalized child,
consider that the toy itself often needs incentives to become play, or that even
without the toy, playing can be explored and meet the child's whole needs.