O bullying sob a ótica da teoria freudiana da cultura

Abstract

Bullying is a current phenomenon mainly inserted in the school sphere, marked by repeated aggression and no obvious motivation. It appears in the form of physical, psychological, moral or patrimonial violence. There are several actors within the dynamics of bullying, including aggressors, victims and spectators of violence. These figures were analyzed through the Freudian theory of Mass Psychology, in which the members are linked to the identification components between the mass-leader set. The mass exposed in an unstable, violent and highly suggestible way, can seek its formation based on the specification of a common factor that links the members to the leader and, in this sense, the victim of bullying is supposed to be the target. As for the victim, what is speculated is a melancholy characteristic that makes them susceptible to the role of victimization. The current qualitative-based work aimed to expose the phenomenon of bullying - based on 10 articles on the topic, published on online news platforms, from June to December 2019 and relate it to the Freudian theory of culture, in addition to verifying the possibility of establishing a relationship between the dynamics of bullying and the psychological formation of the mass. For this, content was collected from 4 online news platforms, with the keyword “bullying” and following the criteria: a) bullying as the central theme of the text; b) target audience of the text: children and adolescents in school condition or not; c) detailed and contextualized report of the bullying suffered. Added to these materials, the literature used as a reference for understanding the phenomenon of bullying included Freud's works on culture and texts by contemporary authors in the field of Education. The analysis of the data from the collection was carried out from the content analysis and as a result three thematic categories were created: a) context/troubled situation prior to bullying; b) consequences of bullying, both for aggressors, victims or spectators and c) presence of direct and indirect spectators of the phenomenon. The presence of bullying is discussed in parallel to a social and collective sphere, where the formation of children and adolescents is governed by narcissism and marked by emotional maladjustments, inciting the development of perverse aggressors, passive victims and bystanders who are condescending to violence. The presence of a structure similar to the psychological mass was confirmed, containing perverse traits and identification mechanisms, in addition to the assumption that victims with markedly melancholic characteristics are susceptible to the passivity of the phenomenon. Finally, the figure of the spectator in anti-bullying interventions was discussed, as a collaborator to the school community and engaged in firm and non-permissive attitudes towards the phenomenon.