O inconsciente e a política: análise da homologia estrutural entre mais-de-gozar e mais-valia

Abstract

This dissertation investigates the theoretical intersections between Lacanian psychoanalysis and political thought through the structural homology established by Jacques Lacan between the function of object a as surplus-enjoyment (plus-de-jouir) and the Marxian category of surplus-value (Mehrwert). Setting out from the theoretical and socio-political effervescence of the 1960s, indelibly marked by the events of May 68 in France, this study examines how Lacan’s teaching was impelled to clarify its conceptual coordinates in face of Marxism, a period in which Marx assumes a pressing presence in Lacanian theory. The central objective of this research is to apprehend the reasons motivating this singular "return to Marx" and to analyze the internal articulation engendered with the critique of Marxian political economy during the gestation period of the so-called theory of discourses. Investigating the position of the Lacanian object as structurally homologous to surplus-value, the study adopts the Monzanian gesture of philosophical reading as a methodological framework linked to the tradition of the Philosophy of Psychoanalysis, aiming to reconstruct Lacan’s conceptual movement while grasping the theoretical and political impasses at stake. To this end, the dissertation is organized into three chapters: first, it reconstructs the historical and institutional frictions, convergences, and shifts between Marxisms and psychoanalyses, locating Lacan’s singular and ambiguous stance toward the student movement and the revolutionary tradition; second, it undertakes a mapping of the category of the object within the Lacanian framework, tracing its evolution from an imaginary object and support of fantasy to its emergence as cause of desire, irreducible remainder of the signifier structure, and drive object; finally, it reconstructs the homology with surplus-value based on Seminar XVI, explicating its implications for the psychoanalytic reading of social bonds and the political dimension. It demonstrates how the function of surplus-enjoyment, by condensing the paradigm of a constitutive loss that engenders an excess of enjoyment, reorganizes the drive economy, repositions the status of truth within the failure of knowledge, and provides conceptual grounding for the Lacanian critique of science, capitalism, and the political sphere. By addressing this problem within Lacan's own teaching, this research aims to contribute to the debate surrounding the social function of psychoanalysis in order to reposition the possible forms of relation between psychoanalysis and the political.