A influência do narcisismo nas manifestações da pulsão escópica em Freud

Abstract

The present study investigates the possibility of correlating the voyeurism-exhibitionism pair – manifestations of the scopic drive – with the individual's narcissistic formations, based on Freudian theory. We begin with the hypothesis that the active and passive manifestations of the drive to look manifest themselves in adult sexuality propped upon the period of the ego’s structuring. We rely on the 1915 Freudian construction regarding the drive to look, which divides it into autoerotic, active, and passive stages of development and proposes an association between these and the stages of ego development: primary narcissism, object-love, and secondary narcissism. We begin by addressing Freud's first drive theory, distinguishing the drive to look from the others to highlight how it gains prominence in the transition from the first to the second drive theory. Next, we address the perversions to demonstrate that looking is positioned within the drive structure beyond a fetishistic perversion. Finally, an association between the scopic drives and narcissism is proposed, based on the infant's primordial relationship with the parents – a situation in which the child's primary narcissism emerges and in which the parents' narcissism is revived through infant care. We conclude that adult exhibitionist and voyeuristic manifestations represent the mode of operation of the narcissistic libido, the former being mirrored in the infantile narcissistic position formed through parental care, and the latter analogous to the position of revival of the parents' narcissism, which has been obscured over time.