Análise do movimento vibratório de um automóvel: modelagem e validação de modelo

Abstract

Studies in the area of vehicle dynamics have been carried out since the beginning of the automobile industry, but problems of discomfort for passengers in a car caused by vibrations from oscillations in the road are common in many practical applications. With this in mind, suspensions have been sought with the function of isolating the structure and occupants of the vehicle from these vibrations caused by irregularities in the road, so the aim of the studies was to define a mathematical model, analyze and validate a car model. The tests were carried out using a signal acquisition board and an accelerometer, to which an input force was applied manually. Using MatLab, parameters such as spring stiffness and damping coefficient were obtained to compare the virtual physical model with the real physical model. By analyzing and validating this model, it was noticed that there were some discrepancies due to experimental errors, mainly in the measurement of spring displacements. This meant that the model had to be adjusted and the dynamic parameters recalculated to bring it closer to the real thing. Finally, it was realized that the real model is damped, and that performing the manual test brings some problems such as the lack of an input parameter, but with the adjusted data, a good approximation was obtained, thus concluding that the mathematical model is valid, allowing the efficient execution of suspension projects, increasing the performance of the vehicles, improving stability and driver comfort, resulting in a safer and more enjoyable driving experience.