Fertilização do solo com fosfato e biofertilizante líquido para o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de milho

Abstract

The predominance of Oxisols with low labile phosphorus (P) content in Brazil compromises crop development, requiring the intensive use of imported and expensive mineral fertilizers. This study evaluated the potential of a national biofertilizer to release non-labile P into the soil through the interaction of microorganisms with the soil, aiming to reduce phosphate fertilization, its costs, and its environmental impacts. A 35-day greenhouse experiment was conducted with corn (Zea mays) grown in pots containing 2 kg of soil and five P rates (0, 115, 153, 306, and 410 mg/kg), with or without biofertilizer addition, in a completely randomized design (CRD). The P rates significantly influenced plant growth, resulting in greater height and dry biomass, highlighting the fundamental role of P in vegetative development. The biofertilizer, in turn, had a positive effect on stomatal conductance (GSW) and apparent transpiration rate (E apparent), suggesting stimulation of plant metabolism and water balance. Although the interaction between P and biofertilizer was generally not significant, there is evidence that microorganisms may contribute to tolerance to stresses, such as heat stress, encountered during the experiment. These results reinforce the agronomic potential of the complementary use of biofertilizers in sustainable P management.