Os estigmas sobre o rural nas políticas público-territoriais: o caso das demarcações rural-urbanas nos planos diretores de São Carlos - SP

Abstract

Considering the institutional nature of territorial management, which sometimes ignores qualitative aspects of the landscape, this paper analyzes the treatment given to rural areas and ruralities in the panorama of territorial management in the municipality of São Carlos. Firstly, in a contextualizing way, looking for historical clippings and aspects of legal evolution at the municipal level. In addition, the scope of the research characterized São Carlos' territorial management through the two versions of its Master Plan, a public policy established by the City Statute (Law No. 10.257/2001). This public-territorial policy, which was first implemented in the municipality in 2005 (Law No. 13.691/2005), had its original version replaced by a new plan in 2016 (Law No. 18.053/2016), and both versions have undergone significant changes over the years. In this sense, the applied research sought to analyze the view of rural areas in the municipality through this group of laws, which often aimed to change zoning, transforming rural areas into new urban areas, considering the existence of a continuum and promoting socio-environmental impacts. Therefore, the main focus of the research was the search for a descriptive synthesis of how rural areas were seen and portrayed by public authorities. To this end, in addition to an in-depth literature review, an analytical category was applied to the legislation analyzed, based on studies carried out by multilateral institutions, such as the OECD, and works by authors such as Milton Santos and José Eli da Veiga, among others, based on the methodology for analyzing situations left by Milton Santos in his 1988 production. In this way, by going through the definitions of space, territory and rural areas, the established political structure and the application of the laws, a synthesis guided by a critical sense was built, and not just a review of the legislation.