Estratégias do Banco Mundial para a mitigação das mudanças climáticas no setor agropecuário do estado de São Paulo: uma análise dos programas Microbacias I e II

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the World Bank’s strategies for mitigating climate change in the agricultural sector of São Paulo State, using the Watershed Programs I and II as case studies. The objective is to understand whether these programs were effective not only from an economic perspective but also regarding environmental sustainability and the capacity for adaptation to climate change. The research adopts a qualitative and quantitative approach, based on an integrative systematic literature review focusing on studies, theses, and articles that evaluated the outcomes of these programs in different regions of São Paulo. The results showed that the Watershed Program I was essential for strengthening family farming and conserving natural resources, standing out for encouraging the adoption of sustainable practices, environmental restoration, and improvements in rural infrastructure. The Watershed Program II, although advancing in the strengthening of cooperatives and associations and promoting the market integration of family farmers, presented weaknesses in social inclusion and environmental integration. The discontinuity between the two phases generated distrust and reduced the long-term positive impacts of public policies. It is concluded that the Watershed Programs represent significant experiences of sustainable rural development in São Paulo State, but they require greater institutional coordination, administrative continuity, and producer participation to consolidate themselves as effective instruments for climate change mitigation and adaptation.