Diagnóstico de apreensões de aves, répteis e mamíferos no estado de São Paulo

Abstract

The illegal trade of fauna in Brazil is characterized by the lack of wide and systematic data from official or scientific sources and it's difficult to evaluate the real dimension and impacts of such activity on Brazil, São Paulo State or other Brazilian State. This research was made intending to collaborate with the changes necessary to alter the present panorama of lack of data and information. A total of 8.925 documents about fauna apprehension by the Polícia Ambiental of São Paulo State from 1999 to 2003 were surveyed. The results counted a total of 45.444 wild animals apprehended belong to 341 species, comprising 41.884 (92,17%) birds with 263 (77,13%) species, 2.156 (4,74%) reptiles with 27 (7,92%) species and 1.404 (3,09%) mammals with 51 (14,96%) species. The apprehended birds were related to 23 Orders and 56 Families with approximately 24% of the species considered threatened of extinction, 13% with no geographic range in São Paulo State, 4% exotic, 1% invaders and 0,4% hybrids. The species responsible for up to 50% of the apprehended specimens of birds were: codorna (Coturnix coturnix), canário-da-terra (Sicalis flaveola), coleirinha (Sporophila caerulescens) e pássaro-preto (Gnorimopsar chopi). With regard to the mainly destinations of the 41.884 birds apprehended, approximately 38% was categorized as No Declared Destinations, 25% as Other Destinations and 10% as Releases. The apprehended reptiles were related to 4 Orders and 14 Families with approximately 50% of the species considered threatened of extinction, 8% with no geographic range in São Paulo State and 7% invaders. The species responsible for up to 50% of the apprehended specimens of reptiles was: tigre-d'água (Trachemys dorbignyi). With regard to the mainly destinations of the 2.156 reptiles apprehended, approximately 72% was categorized as No Declared Destinations, 8% as Releases and 4% as CETAS. The apprehended mammals were related to 9 Orders and 22 Families with approximately 67% of the species considered threatened of extinction, 2% with no geographic range in São Paulo State, 6% exotic, 4% invaders and 2% vagrants. The species responsible for up to 50% of the apprehended specimens of mammals were: capivara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris), gambá (Didelphis albiventris) e tatu-galinha (Dasypus novencinctus). With regard to the mainly destinations of the 1.404 mammals apprehended, approximately 35% was categorized as Discarded, 25% as Releases and 18% as No Declared Destinations. The lack of data about apprehended species and their destinations in São Paulo State become evident in the fact that there are no data (from scientific or official sources) to provide a direct comparison with the results showed by this research. So, the construction of a wide and systematic database about these issues and the planning of environmental public policies, truly focused on the conservation of the biodiversity in São Paulo State, are a necessity that can't be postpone any longer.