Repositório UFSCar

O Repositório Institucional da UFSCar (RI UFSCar) é um sistema de informação que visa armazenar, preservar, organizar e disseminar amplamente a produção intelectual dos diversos setores e segmentos da comunidade da UFSCar, provendo o acesso aberto à informação produzida na instituição e registrada como científica, tecnológica, didática, artístico-cultural e técnico-administrativa.

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Aprendizado autossupervisionado contrastivo orientado pela estrutura geométrica do espaço latente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-31) Shimura, Bruno Anthony; Bugatti, Pedro Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2177467029991118; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2616108326649244; Bueno, Renato; Oliveira, Claiton de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7189857417959804; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8851289265109891
Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in computer vision, enabling models to learn meaningful feature representations directly from unlabeled data. Among SSL approaches, contrastive learning has gained particular prominence for its ability to induce discriminative embeddings by pulling together positive pairs and pushing apart negatives. However, random sampling of such pairs often disregards the underlying geometric structure of the latent space, leading to suboptimal representation quality and inconsistent class separation. To address this limitation, this work introduces Distance-Guided Contrastive Learning (DGCL), a self-supervised approach that systematically selects informative sample pairs based on their geometric configuration in the latent manifold. For each anchor sample, DGCL identifies the farthest intra-class examples (hard positives) and the nearest inter-class examples (hard negatives) through t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) projections. By iteratively refining these relationships across training cycles, the method progressively enhances intra-class compactness and inter-class separability. Experiments conducted on the CIFAR-10, FER-13, KDEF, and RAF-DB datasets demonstrate substantial improvements over conventional models trained without contrastive learning. The results reveal that DGCL yields geometrically consistent latent representations, characterized by reduced intra-class variance and well-structured semantic clusters.
Classificação semissupervisionada baseada em densidade com reconhecimento de anomalias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-12-05) Mass, Bruno; Naldi, Murilo Coelho; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-8236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5481357033125207; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2775-5277; Naldi, Murilo Coelho; Valejo, Alan Demétrius Baria; Jaskowiak, Pablo Andretta; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0573662728816861; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9546164790189830; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3294090242380648; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-8236; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-9499; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6377-3372
In the context of data mining, the task of anomaly detection is important because observations that deviate from the majority can negatively affect machine learning models or represent the main object of interest in various real-world scenarios. At the same time, semi-supervised classification tasks are essential in situations where labeled data are scarce. In this work, we suggest unifying these two tasks into a single integrated process: we propose combining a state-of-the-art density-based clustering algorithm capable of detecting outliers with two well-known density-based semi-supervised classifiers, with the goal of producing hybrid methods capable of performing both tasks. Experiments conducted on 42 semi-synthetic datasets with different proportions of labeled objects and two distinct types of anomalies showed that the investigated anomaly detection method outperforms similar approaches, especially on datasets containing global anomalies. The results also demonstrate that when the outlier detection method is combined with the semi-supervised classifiers, there is only a minor impact on classification quality. Thus, we show that the proposed hybrid approaches constitute viable alternatives to their respective original methods, enabling explicit identification of anomalies without significantly compromising classification performance.
A transversalidade da temática da puberdade em Freud e as interseções com a noção de desamparo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-11-18) Castão, Kelyn Cristina; Namba, Janaína; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5016873975206205; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-5282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1301662714220278; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3321-8921; Risk, Eduardo Name; Bocchi, Josiane Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9006559297031800; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9529234724656394; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-2597; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-9490
The essay investigates the transversality of the theme of puberty in the work of Sigmund Freud and its intersections with the notion of helplessness, proposing a reading that articulates the development of psychoanalytic theory with the understanding of psychic constitution and the specific forms of suffering characteristic of adolescence. The study begins with the observation that, although Freud did not devote a systematic elaboration to adolescence, puberty appears recurrently at different moments of his theoretical production, assuming relevance for the understanding of the psychic constitution of individuals. The research seeks to reconstruct the trajectory of the theme of puberty in Freud’s work, considering that the conceptual changes surrounding sexuality reflect the importance that puberty acquires within his theoretical elaboration. Initially, it is understood as a physiological moment conducive to the outbreak of neuroses, linked to the increase in sexual excitation. With Freud’s theoretical revision, puberty comes to be conceived as the second stage of sexuality – a phase of re-signification of childhood experiences and of the shaping of adult sexuality. The essay proposes that the analysis of puberty in Freud allows for an understanding of the modes of psychic suffering experienced by young people today, based on its articulation with the notion of helplessness (Hilflosigkeit), which became central in Freud’s work from the 1920s onward. It also highlights how adolescence can be understood as a period of confrontation with this original helplessness, in which the human being is called upon to create new ways of dealing with otherness and with the losses constitutive of the human condition.
Afetos e queixas de memória em pessoas idosas sem comprometimento cognitivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-11-26) Tavares, Patricia do Nascimento; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-865X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2793052384716760; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9704-1979; Witter, Carla; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; Nascimento, Monalisa Muniz; Ferreira, Heloisa Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5063226886026208; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9444899939943716; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0481517225958265
In the normal aging process, a decline in various cognitive functions is observed, with memory being one of these functions that deserves special attention, as it is a common complaint among older people and can compromise their functional capacity and consequently their quality of life. Positive affect has been identified as a protective factor against the risk of developing mental disorders and cognitive impairment in old age. Nationally, few researchers have dedicated themselves to investigating the influence of positive and negative affects on objective and subjective memory performance among older people. Thus, the present study had the general objective of verifying the relationship between subjective memory complaints (SMQ) and objective memory performance in older people without cognitive impairment. Specifically, the influence of affect and mood on performance in memory tasks and their subjective evaluation was investigated. Forty-four individuals, aged 60 years and older, residing in the municipality of São Caetano do Sul, participated in this research. Participants were pre-evaluated to identify the presence of signs of mild cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination. To assess objective performance on memory tasks, the subtests of the WAIS-III scale (Arithmetic, Digits Forward, Digits Backward, and Letter-Number Sequencing) were used. To capture individuals' knowledge, perceptions, and feelings about subjective memory, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q) was used, and to assess mood, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) were used. Positive and negative affect were investigated using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Data analysis did not show a significant association between subjective memory complaints and objective performance. However, memory complaints were positively related to symptoms of anxiety and depression, with anxiety being the only significant predictor. Analyzing the relationship between sociodemographic and health variables in the subjective perception of memory, three distinct participant profiles were found, with worse subjective memory assessments reported among younger participants, up to 65 years of age, and among older participants, aged 75 and over. These results highlight the moderating role of mood disorders in the subjective perception of memory in aging. Further research with a larger sample size is suggested to allow for the generalization of the data.
Perspectivas de profissionais de saúde sobre o desenvolvimento de um protocolo de cuidados paliativos perinatais na saúde suplementar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2025-10-01) Ragazzo, Monize Secomandi Mestriner; Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4549657176930635; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0577621559432516; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-6161; Agostini, Flávia Corrêa Porto de Abreu D; Wernet, Monika; Oliveira, Ana Izaura Basso de; Santos, Luciano Marques dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4596484326400315; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6056127658896265; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1273057181956030; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6022324341764228; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-5564; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1194-3261; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-7223; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-6353
Perinatal Palliative Care (PPC) is an essential approach to ensure quality of life and dignity for newborns with life-limiting conditions and their families. In Brazil, despite legal advances, such as the State Policy on Palliative Care, there are still significant gaps in the practical implementation of this care, especially in the supplementary health sector. The absence of clear protocols, specific training, and institutional support directly affect the quality of care and the well-being of professionals and families. Using a quantitative-qualitative approach with multi-methods, this investigation aimed to evaluate the perspectives of health professionals in the maternal and child area regarding the importance and possible benefits of the implementation of a PPC Protocol in a hospital institution. The study was based on the principles of PPC and adopted Interprofessionality and Collaborative Practices as a theoretical framework. The methodological design included two articulated stages, the first being represented by a scoping review and the second by the application of a questionnaire, sensitization and focus groups. Initially, a scoping review was carried out to map the scientific production on SSC and its offer by the multiprofessional team, at different levels of health care, and a manuscript was prepared, following the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute Collaboration – JBIC and the report was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the results indicated a predominance of studies focused on physicians and nurses working at the tertiary level, with low interprofessional integration. In the subsequent stage, professionals from different areas of maternal and child care from a private hospital in the interior of São Paulo participated, such as nursing, medicine, psychology, physiotherapy, speech therapy and social work. The analysis of the second stage was conducted through the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique, allowing the systematization of perceptions and experiences and the identification of structuring elements for interprofessional palliative practices in the perinatal period, the results indicated that the vast majority of participants believe that the adoption of a protocol can promote greater safety, reduce anguish and qualify the care offered to families; whereas sensitization and focus groups have been found to be effective strategies to support daily practice and foster reflections on humanised care; The absence of clear guidelines, the fragmentation of practices and the need for continuous training were highlighted as challenges. It is concluded that the implementation of an interprofessional protocol for PPC can strengthen collaborative practice among health professionals, promoting greater technical and emotional safety in maternal and child care. By being limited to supplementary health, the study has an innovative character and potential impact on the qualification of institutional practices, in line with the guidelines of the World Health Organization and recent public policies aimed at the humanization of parental grief.