Repositório UFSCar

O Repositório Institucional da UFSCar (RI UFSCar) é um sistema de informação que visa armazenar, preservar, organizar e disseminar amplamente a produção intelectual dos diversos setores e segmentos da comunidade da UFSCar, provendo o acesso aberto à informação produzida na instituição e registrada como científica, tecnológica, didática, artístico-cultural e técnico-administrativa.

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Estudo do perfil químico e da atividade inseticida de Parahancornia amapa no controle de Atta sexdens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-03-10) Franco, Lulliana; Fernandes, João; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-3327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2218269668179713; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-2467; Amaral, Jéssica; Almeida, Buana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6610572791860659; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4288032934406331; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4509-259X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-1221
Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are important agricultural pests in Brazil, especially in Pinus and Eucalyptus plantations, due to the intense defoliation associated with the cultivation of the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. Although chemical control is widely used, many conventional insecticides exhibit low biodegradability and high environmental impact, which has encouraged the search for alternative control strategies based on natural products. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal potential of Parahancornia amapa (Apocynaceae) in the control of Atta sexdens ants. Metabolites from leaves and bark were extracted using hexane and ethanol. The hexane extract from the leaves and the ethanolic extract from the bark showed significant insecticidal activity. Based on these results, the ethanolic bark extract, which exhibited 70% activity, was selected for bioguided fractionation, initially resulting in a more active methanolic fraction (≈90%). This fraction was subsequently subjected to liquid–liquid partitioning, yielding organic and aqueous subfractions. From the organic subfraction, three compounds previously unreported for the species were isolated and structurally characterized, belonging to the benzopyran class: one pterocarpan, one chroman, and one dimer. The isolated compounds showed moderate insecticidal activity; however, the highest activity was observed for the aqueous subfraction, which exhibited 68% mortality, suggesting a high content of condensed tannins. The comparison among the results obtained for the isolated compounds, the aqueous subfraction, and the original fraction indicated that the most pronounced insecticidal activity is associated with the combined action of the metabolites present in the sample, supporting the hypothesis of a synergistic effect. Additionally, the analysis of the chemical profile of the species by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS allowed the annotation of several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, catechins, coumarins, iridoids, phenolic acids, pterocarpans, lignans, benzopyrans, and terpenes. The results obtained expand the knowledge of the chemical profile of P. amapa, which remains scarcely explored in the literature, as well as its biological potential, highlighting its relevance as a promising source for the sustainable control of leaf-cutting ants.
“Que macaco é esse?" Aplicativo para identificação dos primatas do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-10) Machado, Maria Clara Ariki; Monticelli, Cauê; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3124379403088046; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0167410031228634; Arakaki, Paloma Rocha; Oliveira, Edson Montilha de; São Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7189347053904189; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8232595762015490; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7404103190291423; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7153-2421
In the face of human threats to biodiversity and the impacts of anthropogenic actions on wildlife, the need to preserve ecosystems as a whole has become increasingly evident. Based on the idea that “we only protect what we know and what we care about,” an important step toward the conservation of primate diversity in the state of São Paulo was taken with the enactment of Normative Ordinance FF/DE No. 324/2020, which regulates the practice of primate watching (Monkey Watching) within São Paulo State Protected Areas (Unidades de Conservação – UCs). This ordinance opens new pathways for increasing knowledge about the species present in the state. Within this context, and with the aim of contributing to the objectives established in the Action Plan for the Conservation of Primates in the State of São Paulo, the National Action Plan for the Conservation of Atlantic Forest Primates and the Maned Sloth, and consequently to the conservation of primate species and their habitats, a smartphone application was developed to assist in the identification of primates in outdoor observation activities within the state of São Paulo. This is made possible through the app’s comprehensive content, which includes photographs and information on the species, their biology, the biomes they inhabit, as well as thematic sections such as “Threats,” “Why we should not feed monkeys,” and “Why monkeys are not pets”. For validation purposes, the application was tested and an evaluation questionnaire was administered in five state protected areas managed by Fundação Florestal: (1) Angatuba Ecological Station; (2) Caetetus Ecological Station; (3) Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station; (4) Carlos Botelho State Park, and (5) Morro do Diabo State Park. In total, 33 individuals—including university students, high school students, and employees of Fundação Florestal—tested the application during primate observation activities and completed a perception questionnaire regarding the final product of this project. All participants stated that the app helped them obtain information about primates and, in fact, assisted them in identifying specimens. Some contributed by suggesting the use of simpler terms that could be understood by users unfamiliar with the subject. Furthermore, participants emphasized the importance of addressing sensitive topics such as why primates are not pets, highlighting the product's relevance.
Investigando caminhos para a introdução da Avaliação da Sustentabilidade Absoluta em compras sustentáveis de alimentos: apresentando o Food Procurement with a focus on absolute environmental sustainability assessment (FP-AESA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-09) Akim, Erica Kushihara; Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1101747760784249; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7514-7467; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7194665162653753; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3059-6517; Puglieri, Fabio Neves; Faria, Luiz Carlos de; Rodrigues, Thiago Oliveira; Sigahi, Tiago Fonseca Albuquerque Cavalcanti; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0823246960773759; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2656343277991754; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1312518668807552; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3446837123289659; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-2171; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-3528; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-7752; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2595-5220
Food production and consumption systems represent a major driver of planetary boundary transgressions. In this scenario, sustainable procurement decisions can act as mechanisms to promote food systems that respect Earth’s carrying capacity. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to propose a framework to introduce Absolute Environmental Sustainability Assessment (AESA) as a strategy for managing planetary boundaries within the sustainable food procurement process. The proposed model, named FP-AESA (Food Procurement with a focus on absolute environmental sustainability assessment), was structured around two perspectives: a simplified approach and an in-depth approach. To this end, the research comprised an exploratory literature review, followed by two case studies - one on food consumption in Brazil and another on meals served at a university restaurant - in addition to the validation of the framework by experts via the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM). The review results indicated that Equal Per Capita (EPC) distributive justice is the most widely adopted allocation principle (52%) for the safe operating space in food AESA. Regarding the case studies, applying the simplified approach to Brazilian household consumption data revealed that the transgression of planetary boundaries is more severe in the freshwater use category than in climate change. Within this scale of Brazilian domestic consumption, beef recorded the highest transgression rates, whereas rice and eggs showed greater adherence to sustainable boundaries. In turn, the AESA under the in-depth approach, applied to the university restaurant scenario, identified ten critical processes, highlighting the Climate Change and Freshwater Eutrophication categories, whose impacts exceeded sustainability thresholds, driven mostly by beef and rice consumption. It was found, therefore, that different AESA results can be observed depending on the framework version applied, the carrying capacity reference adopted, and the chosen sharing principles. Finally, validation via FDM indicated that, despite resource and technical knowledge limitations, the strategic review and continuous learning stages of the model achieved a high level of consensus among experts. In summary, the application of these approaches demonstrates how to introduce planetary boundaries into sustainable procurement management, provided that the trade-offs and methodological uncertainties intrinsic to the process are considered. For management and public policy formulation, this research exemplifies the feasibility of adopting measurable and validated absolute sustainability criteria, which can be integrated to promote food security within planetary boundaries. This thesis presents a theoretical contribution by proposing a framework to integrate AESA into the sustainable procurement process for food and food services.
Manejo de Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) e produtividade de Schinus terebinthifolia (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) em área de restauração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-22) Massamba, Sandra Fazenete Picardo; Freato, Thiago Archangelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9898307927648033; Ferreira Filho, Pedro José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3952696627229150; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7132-6946; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5910244727234192; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-6517; Thiersch, Cláudio Roberto; Cetra, Maurício; Guerreiro, Júlio César; Oliveira, Nádia Cristina de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8791966697254106; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6775493342513120; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8751039433936733; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3317779428214532
Efficient, sustainable, and economically viable control methods are studied for monitoring forest pests, such as the exotic wasp Megastigmus transvaalensis Hussey, 1956 (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). This wasp damages the drupes of the Brazilian pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, 1820 (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in native forests, restoration areas, and commercial crops in Brazil. Given the economic value of S. terebinthifolia and its applications in food seasoning, traditional medicine, cosmetics, bioactive compounds, the pharmaceutical industry, biopesticides, flavoring, and the recovery of degraded areas, there is a need to protect its drupes from M. transvaalensis attacks in the field. This study aimed to: i) use a physical barrier to prevent M. transvaalensis attacks and determine the parasitism rate in S. terebinthifolia drupes; ii) evaluate the drying kinetics of the drupes in the laboratory; and iii) estimate the plant's productivity in the field. Five fragments of seasonal semideciduous forest undergoing ecological restoration, with sixteen randomly selected S. terebinthifolia plants, were used. A physical barrier made of non-woven fabric (TNT) (25 cm long x 21 cm wide) was used as a treatment and applied for approximately 120 days. In the drying study, mature drupes were subjected to different temperatures (30°C and 105°C), with moisture content and mass reduction data fitted to exponential and hyperbolic models. For productivity estimation, data on diameter at breast height (DBH), total tree height (Ht), and crown area (Acrown) were collected from 16 individuals, applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality and predict yield. The parasitism rate was higher (60.45%) in the unprotected treatment and lower (8.06%) in the treatment protected with the fabric barrier, preserving the embryonic and epicarp integrity of the drupes. The hyperbolic model demonstrated statistical superiority, showing performance indicators for predicting both moisture content (R2Adj = 0,98; AIC = 196,52; RMSE = 0,55; X2red = 0,308) and mass reduction (R2Adj = 0,954, AIC = 254,50; RMSE = 0,706; X2red = 0,507), outperforming the exponential model. The drying kinetics showed a maximum initial rate of 0.7916% h-1 with a sharp reduction after 24h (0.1112% h-1); based on the asymptotic point (y = 1.9%), a period of 48 hours (0.0421% h-1) was established as ideal for dehydration. Finally, the productivity modeling integrated dendrometric variables and parasitism rates monitored throughout the field study, revealing that isolated variables such as DBH (p = 0.021) showed instability in the models due to multicollinearity. Thus, PCA was performed, with the first component (PC1, plant vigor) standing out as the most reliable predictor of productivity (R2Adj = 0.27; p = 0.0204), while the average parasitism rate by M. transvaalensis (P_Average) showed no significant direct linear influence on the studied sample (n = 16). In conclusion, the integration of physical exclusion methods and mathematical modeling establishes fundamental guidelines for post-harvest management and the reproducibility of forest restoration processes with S. terebinthifolia.
O Programa Institucional de Acolhimento e Incentivo à Permanência Estudantil (PIAPE) - tecendo presença, cuidado e pertencimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2026-04-17) Castelani, Gisele Aparecida Zutin; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8209718458963475; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9814956676596270; Ribeiro Júnior, Djalma; Araujo, Ronaldo Tavares; Maldonado, Elaine Cristina; Nascimento, Marcus Vinicius Batista; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7242263940723603; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4103676507238594; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1893740212695470
This thesis’ purpose is to analyze the “Programa Institucional de Acolhimento e Incentivo à Permanência Estudantil - PIAPE”, at the Federal University of São Carlos (PIAPE), which aims to encourage welcoming, the students permanence, to tackle institutional violence and situations of socio-economic vulnerability. Therefore, the field of research was the projects submitted to the Dean’s Office of Community and Student Affairs at the Federal University of São Carlos. The research involved projects during the years 2019-2023. For the quantitative and qualitative research, the instrument used was the projects and their reports (final, project coordination, scholarship holder and user reports) that took place before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In the systematization presented here, we started from the Public University for Whom path, relating it to themes such as Affirmative Action Policies and the Student Assistance Program, seeking to talk to policies and mechanisms that create environments that, in addition to inclusion, create spaces for permanence, bonding and support networks. To compose this rescue and contribute to the object of the research, a brief incursion was made into the Federal University of São Carlos with regard to its history in the battlefront for a public university for all and the Pro-Rectory of Community and Student Affairs, and important markers for the program's proposal that guided the research: 1) "How did the projects behave during this pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic journey?" "What lines of research do the projects fit into?" What was the quality of the actions that reached the people served by the projects, both as coordinators, as active scholarship holders, and as users and users participating in the actions. The aim was to present the projects developed in this timeframe (2019-2023), which contribute to student permanence, through collective strategies, promotion of spaces for care and belonging related to gender issues and racial ethnic demands in public universities, collective construction of coping strategies for current challenges related to academic daily life, such as fears, anxieties, mourning, isolation and belonging, in this way the analysis sought to be a parameter for future calls for proposals, with the proposal to promote fairer, more equitable and humane insertions in public higher education in this country. Finally, as a product of this thesis, an ebook was produced with the projects and photos.