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Secagem de gel ágar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2000-02-29) Moreira, Marcos Flávio Pinto; Sartori, Dermeval José Mazzini
Agar-agar is a hydrofilic colloid extracted from seaweed, mainly from algae Gelidium. It s used as culture medium in microbiology and as emulsificant, stabilizer and gelling in foods. Drying is an important operation in the extractive process to obtain Agar-agar, because it defines the form, color and final moisture content of product. In order to study the drying of agar gel, equilibrium and drying experiments are needed. The equilibrium of agar-water-air was investigated using the static gravimetric method and drying experiments were performed in a forced convection dryer. To determine equilibrium moisture content values, the static method was used with saturated saline solutions where operational conditions of temperature and relative humidity ranged from 25.0°C to 50.0°C and 11.0% to 84.0%, respectively. The determination of moisture content was based on Lees method. The drying experiments were performed with temperatures from 30.0°C to 50.0°C and superficial air velocities from 1.0 to 4.0 m/s. Based on the experimental procedure above, the equilibrium of agar-water-air could be reasonable described by the G.A.B. (Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer) model. It was verified, using Lewis equation, that temperature and velocity of air influence the drying operation. Finally, at a constant drying rate, the drying of agar gel and water are very similar. The constant drying rate of agar gel has been represented by a relationship for evaporation of water. The decreasing drying rate of agar gel was represented by the characteristic curve. All results obtained in this work serve as contribution to the process to obtain the agar, which utilizes the drying.
O fundamento da moral: Schopenhauer critico de Kant
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2000-02-29) Santos Junior, Renato Nogueira dos; Ferraz Júnior, Bento Prado de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7589245190503189
The aim of this dissertation is to present Schopenhauer's Metaphysics with a view to analysing the categorical imperative, a key concept of kantian morality. Our analysis shall indicate that the reason is merely an instrument of the will, which demands a refusal of the categorical imperative and the recognition of compassion as the cornerstone of morals.