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Influência do processo de usinagem na resistência à fadiga de laminados unidirecionais de epóxi/fibra de carbono
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2000-12-15)
Cervini, Alex Ricardo
;
Lucato, Dawilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8988121855676365
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites exhibit a high strength-to-weight ratio, standing out for their excellent mechanical properties and widespread application in structurally demanding sectors such as the aerospace industry. Although these materials are often manufactured close to the final geometry of the component, machining operations are still required to achieve adequate dimensional and surface finishing. However, such processes may introduce structural damage capable of compromising the mechanical performance of carbon/epoxy composites. In this work, the influence of form-profile machining on the mechanical behavior of carbon/epoxy composites reinforced with continuous unidirectional fibers was investigated. It was observed that the surface integrity of the specimens was affected by the machining process, resulting in defects such as fiber cutting and exposure of free fiber ends without effective load transfer capability in the machined regions. The experimental evaluation focused on the fatigue behavior analysis of specimens machined transversely to the fiber orientation, with fatigue strength being the main investigated property. The analyzed material consisted of a carbon/epoxy composite manufactured with approximately 60% volume fraction of continuous unidirectional fibers. Fatigue tests were performed using the rotating bending technique with testing equipment developed by Tatnall Krouse. Surface integrity proved to be a determining factor in the fatigue performance of the material.
Análise comparativa de programas de habitação social em três municípios no interior do Estado de São Paulo realizados em regime de mutirão: estratégias de atuação dos atores sociais envolvidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-02-28)
Kageyama, Carloline Vitti
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Shimbo, Ioshiaqui
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6315114291031702
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8729975832167341
The issue of housing in Brazil was redefined in the 1990’s within the current context of administrative decentralization and the increase in power at the local level, the widening of participation and the extent to which civil society is organized, and the closing down of state organs and institutions such as the BNH which provided support for social housing projects. Within this context, the number of municipal programs for housing development has increased, particularly in small and medium-sized cities. The hypothesis which guided this research was that the social actors involved in housing programs in the inland municipalities of the state of Sao Paulo (local government officials, organizations of future homeowners, political parties, technical advisors, unions, the community, etc.) exercise differing degrees of influence during each phase of the construction process which are specific to each of the housing developments, thereby reflecting distinct general strategies. To test this research hypothesis, three recent housing programs were chosen (Franca, Jaboticabal and Monte Alto) with the aim of identifying the social actors responsible and their degree of influence for the various phases in the process of the housing development. The method used consisted of a bibliographic review of the literature; the conduction of interviews of the social actors involved in the processes, based on a previously defined set of questions; and the organization and analysis of the data obtained.
Padrões para aquisição de softwares SIG por administrações públicas municipais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-03-02)
Volpi, Edmilson Martinho
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Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
Geographic Information Systems are becoming indispensable tools for the Municipal Public Administration manages its activities more eficiently. As all new technology, the Urban GIS also lacks of an efficient methodology for its implantation, since each object of study (City Halls) possess distinct realities and proper particularitities. This paper makes initially a bibliographic revision walk throught the concept of Geographic Information Systems, and on some methodologies of implantation of Urban GIS already developed, focusing in the process of evaluation and acquisition of the GIS software, inside the methodology of implementation. One reveals here, the importance of the software´s question in the Urban GIS implantation. This work tries to analise the functions that a specific GIS software must have to attend the necessities of a Municipal Management, suggesting some important caracteristics to the success of the implantation of this tecnology in Municipal applications, that are not always considered. These caracteristics refer not just to technical aspects of GIS software, but to its operational items, like: software support, operational system, training, software documentation, registration sites, among others. Finally, its is shown that the process of the GIS choose to urban applications must consider, besides the technical aspects, the operational aspects, guarantying this way that the software be more efficiently implanted and used by technical group for generation, maintenance and distribution of geographic information in the city where the GIS project will be implanted.
Propriedades elétricas, estruturais e magnéticas de supercondutores hole-doped e electron-doped dos tipos YBa2Cu3O7-d, Pr2-XCeXCuO4-y e Sm2-XCeXCuO4-y
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-03-23)
Lanfredi, Alexandre José de Castro
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6882548794489901
The search for new methods to understand the mechanisms associated to superconductivity request novel experimental techniques, as well as materials with different characteristics. In this work, we report results obtained from electron-doped superconducting samples, of the form Ln2-xCexCuO4-y (where Ln = Pr and Sm). These materials are considered high-temperature superconductors (HTS) even for their low values of the critical temperature, TC, of the order of 25 K. These materials are of great interest since they show striking properties when compared to hole-doped materials, like YBCO. Some of these interesting properties observed in electron-doped superconductors are the apparent s-wave symmetry of the order parameter, and normal-state resistivity proportional to T2, while for hole-doped, the symmetry of the order parameter is d-wave and the normal-state resistivity is proportional to T. Therefore, in this work we have performed transport and magnetic experiments on Pr2-xCexCuO4-y (PCCO), Sm2- xCexCuO4-y (SCCO) and YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO) thin films samples. They were prepared by Prof. Dr. Fernando M. Araújo-Moreira using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique during his post-doc at Center for Superconductivity Research/CSR-University of Maryland in College Park/MD/USA. Their structure was characterized by using the x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with microanalysis (EDX-Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-ray). However, the magnetic characterization of those materials was the most important step of this work. To do that, we have built the experimental system to measure the magnetic penetration depth, ë, and the AC magnetic susceptibility, ÷. By determining the behavior of ë(T) is possible to know the symmetry of the order parameter associated to each material under investigation. The magnetic characterization of both materials was completed using a SQUID magnetometer to obtain the magnetic susceptibility data, ÷AC (T, hAC). Through these results we have obtained the average critical current density dependence with temperature, , associated to the critical state model characteristic of each material. The experimental system, projected and constructed during this work, allows the simultaneous determination of both ë(T) and ÷(T).
Análise de padrões e processos no uso do solo, vegetação, crescimento e adensamento urbano. Estudo de caso: município de Luiz Antônio (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-03-30)
Oliveira, Carlos Henke de
;
Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
Este estudio buscó la identificación de padrones y procesos relacionados con el uso del suelo, vegetación, crecimiento y adensamiento urbano en la ciudad de Luiz Antônio (SP-Brasil). Se usaron fotografias aereas de pequeño formato (FAPF) y técnicas de clasificación supervisionadas, que agregados al conocimiento del investigador, posibilitaron la integración de algunos princípios de fotointerpretación en la digitación de imágenes. La metodología incluyó también el uso de operadores contextuales que permitieron generar una detallada carta del uso del suelo, posibilitando el análisis basado en las geometrías euclidianas y fractal. También fueron integrados a la investigación, datos provenientes de los satélites Landsat y Spot. Fue demostrado en los resultados que el Índice de Normalizado de las Diferencias en la Vegetación (INDV-Landsat), estuvo altamente relacionado com el uso del suelo, siendo entonces una alternativa para una rápida evaluación de la calidad de las unidades de paisaje com dimensiones de 0,5 ha. A través de la geometría fractal, fue evidente una asociación entre el diseño urbano y la cantidad y tipología de la vegetación, con posibles implicaciones en la calidad ambiental y calidad de vida. Luiz Antônio es una ciudad con deficit en relación tanto a la vegetación de propiedades particulares, como a la vegetación viaria. Aunque las áreas residenciales son las que contribuyen con la mayor parte de la cobertura vegetal en el área urbanizada, la proporción del componente arbóreo/arbustivo, es apenas de 5%. Por outro lado, las áreas públicas verdes, presentan 54,4% de la cobertura arbórea/arbustiva, y son las responsables por aproximadamente 25% de la cobertura arbórea/arbustiva del total del área de estudio. Se obtuvo un Índice de Áreas Verdes (IAV) de 14,9 m2/habitante. La disponibilidad de área edificada por capita es de 37,8 m2/habitante, y no hay indícios de superlotación de habitación. Pero el mayor desafío parece estar relacionado con el ecuacionamento de un modelo de adensamiento que modere la taza de impermiabilización del suelo. El análisis conjunto de muchos descriptores de la calidad urbana, mostró padrones y procesos relativos a la densificación de las estructuras urbanas, al desarollo de la vegetación y al diseño urbano, y a un gradiente natural/rural/urbano. Finalmente, este estudio permitió el análisis de las posibilidades y limitaciones para la expansión urbana de la ciudad de Luiz Antônio.
Cristalização e sinterização de bio vidros do sistema Na2O-CaO-SiO2-P2O5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-03-30)
Leite, Magda Lauri Gomes
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754087297527153
The objective of this work was to study crystallisation and sintering of Bio-glasses of Na2O CaO SiO2 P2O5 aiming at the improvement of the mechanical properties. In order to study the development of glass-ceramics in this system, the effects of the addition of different percentages of NaF, Fe2O3, Li2O, ZrO2, TiO2 and WO3 on the behaviour of crystallisation of the glasses were studied using DSC. The results show that amongst the additions that were tested only Li2O caused increased volumetric nucleation rate. Different melting techniques were tested to obtain glasses with different concentrations of OH-. Although glasses with different contents were obtained successfully, there were problems to homogenise them. The direct extrusion technique was used to produce glass-ceramics with texture. Albeit the technique was efficient with several other systems, the results obtained in the present word showed that the glass-ceramic produced from the extruded glasses did not have the same symmetry that was showed by the glasses that were not extruded. The difficulties in sintering, related to the process of crystallisation, were analysed for two compositions of bio-glasses. Two new crystalline phases, which had not yet been observed in this system, were identified in the studies of sintering. Experimental data showed that superficial crystallisation has strong influence during the process of sintering for both glasses tested. It was not possible to obtain sintered bodies with relative density superior to 0.94 for the experimental conditions that were used. The use of the model that simulates the sintering of the glass proved to be useful to simulate the real effect of each parameter in the process, although it overestimated the ability of sintering of the compositions that were used. The use of this model can facilitate the process of searching solutions for a more efficient sintering process. Using the technique of FTIR, the studies of bioactivity of both glass and glass-ceramic powders revelled higher level of bioactivity for finer powders, and which contained phosphorus in their compositions. It was also verified that whilst total crystallisation hinders the formation of the layer of HCA, partial crystallisation seems to have beneficial effect in the process.
Nacionalismo, Política e Democracia na Obra de Nélson Werneck Sodré
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-05-09)
Ferreira, Delson
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Azevedo, Fernando Antonio Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6291864794986993
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9548877315501489
Telemetria convencional e via satélite na determinação da área de vida de três espécies de carnívoros da região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-06-01)
Mantovani, José Eduardo
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
The main objectives of this work were to determine diet, and home range of three mammal carnivore species, which are endangered of extinction in São Paulo State: the maned wolf ((Chrysocyon brachyurus, Illiger 1815), cougar (Puma concolor, Linnaeus 1771), and ocelot (Felis pardalis, Linnaeus 1758); and to draw strategies for landscape planning in order to improve the conditions for the conservation of that species in the surroundings of Jataí Ecological Station. From October 1998 to January 2001 (29 months) 10 maned wolves, 4 cougar and 1 ocelot were tagged, and 6 maned wolves, 2 cougar and 1 ocelot out of them were collared with radio-collar and their home range were determined. Vegetation cover and land uses were obtained from TM/Landsat 5 image classification. Animal locations were compared to vegetation cover and land use maps in order to determine hábitat preferences for such three species in that region. Faeces collected along that period were analyzed in order to determine the diet of maned wolf and cougar in 4 different sub-areas. Prey abundance was determined through sightings along with field work. The impact of roads was determined as animal road killing rates in 4 roads types: high way, paved road, dirt road and roads at Jataí . For maned wolves estimated home ranges varied between 31 and 132 km2, with preferences for open wet vegetation, and mainly consumed lobeira , small rodents and small passerines. Cougar showed home ranges varying between 51 and 140 km2, and preferences for forest native vegetation, and preyed principally on armadillos, capybara and deer. Ocelot showed home ranges between 18 and 23 km2, and preference for cerrado vegetation. Jataí sub-area showed greater abundance of prey than the surrounding sub-areas, and the paved road showed, on average, the greatest rates of animal road killing. landscape changing, regarding land use in the surrounding Jataí and road adaptation in order to reduce animal road killing are suggested, in the perspective to improve the conditions of survivorship for such carnivores at that region.
Estrutura de comunidade de peixes em três lagoas marginais do Rio Paraná, no trecho entre os reservetários de Júpiá e Porto Primavera
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-06-11)
Vilela, Maria José Alencar
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Agostinho, Angelo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8899367535416723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6604756603722376
The fish communities in three marginal lagoons of Paraná river, located between Jupiá and Porto Primavera reservoirs, were studied in order to evaluate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the degree of connection with Paraná river, on community structure. Fish diversity was sampled using big sieve nets and gill nets with various mesh sizes. Sample period range from April 1998 to October 1999, so that the sample effort was the same in dry and rainy seasons. The Characiformes predominated in the studied communities, mainly in the form of small sized species. The ecological indices of diversity, richness and equitability exhibited higher values in the largest and wider covered lagoon, close to Verde river mouth, an important tributary of Paraná river s right bank. Also, the connection between this lagoon and the river channel, although indirect, was almost permanent. According to PCA, most differences among fish assemblages were related to the amount of submerged and floating macrophytes. A total of 40 species was identified, however Hoplias malabaricus and Hyphessobrycon eques occurred in all environments, from wich H. eques predominated in total samples. Conversely, four long-term migratory species were poorly recorded, including Prochilodus lineatus. The use of these lagoons as nursery and growing areas by initial forms and juveniles of large fishes from Paraná basin was not observed in this period. Presumably, this resulted from the absence of more direct and persistent connection between lagoons and the Paraná river or breeding failure of some species. Parental care was uncommon among sedentary fishes, although such behavior predominates among Cichlidae species. Piscivorous fishes composed the richest trophic categories, including three species introduced in the basin (Cichla monoculus, Plagioscion squamosissimus and Astronotus ocellatus), followed by insectivorous (Roeboides paranensis) and omnivorous (H. eques) ones. Otherwise, considering individuals number, insectivorous and omnivorous species predominated, presumably due the enhanced food resources availability. The richest lagoon of the studied area will be submerged due the complete inundation of Porto Primavera reservoir, which also may influence the lagoons closer to Jupiá UHE. Hence, fish community structure presumably will be severely impacted.
Efeitos do silenciamento de duas Triptofanil-tRNA sintetases de Trypanosoma brucei mediante RNA de interferência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-06-21)
Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma García
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Thiemann, Otávio Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4933022274560322
The parasitic Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in humans, and nagana in animals and is responsible for heavy socioeconomic losses in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Therapy against sleeping sickness is unsatisfactory because the toxicity and arising of the drug resistant parasites. Trypanosomatids contain a single mitochondrion, the kinetoplast, whose genetic code deviates from the universal code where a UGA stop codon is used as a Trp codon. A single nuclear-encoded tRNATrp(CCA), that can decode the canonical Trp codon, is used by both the nucleus and mitochondria genes. A C to U editing event at position 34 of tRNATrp(CCA) changes the anticodon from CCA to UCA allowing the decoding of the UGA stop codon to Trp from the mitochondrial genes. We have identified two different nuclear-encoded tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase (WARSs) genes (one cytoplasmic (WARS1) and the other to the kinetoplast (WARS2)) in both Leishmania and Trypanosoma cells. With the purpose to validate the mitochondrial WARS enzymes of trypanosomatids, as potential drug targets, we performed gene silencing (RNAi) experiments with both WARSs forms from T. brucei. In the conditions tested, the expression of dsRNA from a dual promoter system generated potent RNA silencing, leading to clear phenotypes characterized by morphologic alterations, severe growth inhibition, reduction in the levels of oxygen consumed (only TbWARS2) and cellular death. The efficiency and specificity of silencing were estimated by quantitative PCR and significant modifications of the specific amount of TbWARSs mRNA were evidenced.
Desenvolvimento de componentes para sistemas cooperativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-08-06)
Santos, Helen de Freitas
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Souza, Wanderley Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3742302894743620
Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is a multidisciplinary field that looks for appropriate studies to promote cooperation among groups of people involved in an common task to make use of a computational support to facilitate this cooperation. Besides studying several computation ways to facilitate the cooperative activities, the design, software development and implementation of the support computational are also object of study of CSCW. The cooperative activity support has a great importance because these activities involving a group of people are larger amount that individual ones to the compliment of a common purpose. Within this sense, this research introduces a collection of identified cooperative components through the utilization of a component-based software development methodology.
Hidrologia dos bancos e ilhas oceânicas do nordeste brasileiro. Uma contribuição ao Programa Revize
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-08-06)
Becker, Helena
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Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6594211224864538
This work has as objectives to supply data on the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate), of the areas of the banks and oceanic islands of the Zone Economic Exclusive of North-East Brazil, to describe seasonal and the spatial variations of these parameters and to systematize the obtained data, through the elaboration of a database, with views to facilitate a posterior analysis, integrated with the other areas of the knowledge, of areas thankfully important of the economic and lacking point of view, of the scientific point of view, of this type of information, so that the relationship can be established between the nutrients salts and the responsible elements by the productivity of the aquatic way. The researched area is inserted in the sub-area II / section 1 and 2 of the Program REVIZEE at 1°N e 5°S and 29° e 40°W, including the North Chain of Brazil, Fernando of Noronha chain and Sain Peter and Saint Paul archipelago, embracing 67 stations and 443 samples the summer of 1997 and 66 stations and 418 samples in the fall of 1998, profaned a total of 133 stations and 861 samples and a researched area of 600.000 km². The studied area presented a marked permanent termocline, so much in the summer as in the fall, with the depth varying with the latitude and with them season, being more superficial and with larger gradient in the fall, in agreement with the typical pattern of the areas equatorial and tropical. The mixture layer was more homogeneous in the summer, of smaller thickness in the fall and decreasing in higher latitudes. The superficial distribution of the temperature of the sea presented larger homogeneity degree in the summer and larger width of thermal variation in the fall. The smallest temperatures were registered in the area of Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago and close Oceanic area to this archipelago, in the two seasons. The area of Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago went to that presented the samllest salinity values, in the two seasons. A maximum of sub-surface salinity was present in the approached depth of the I begin of the termoclina, being more accentuated in the lowest latitudes, so much in the summer as in the fall. The diagrams T-S indicates the presence of three characteristic masses of water of the area: The Equatorial Surface Water, with salinity of 35,5 to 36,5 UPS and temperature >26°C, that occupies a strip very it narrows in the area; the Subtropical Salinity Maximum, with temperature between 20° and 5°C and salinity between 36,0 and 37,0 UPS, occupying a strip between the 50 and 200 m; South Atlantic Central Water, with temperatures between 20° and 5°C and salinity 36,00 to 34,34 UPS, placed below the Subtropical Salinity Maximum. Upwelling was observed, in the stations located in the close Oceanic area to the Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago, based on the elevations of the isotherms, low oxygen and high superficial concentration of the nutrients, in the two perios of the year. The concentration of the dissolved oxygen was close of the saturation in the superficial and sub-superficial layers and conditions anaerobic they were not observed in the column of water. The pH was always in the alkaline strip and with values more elevated in the area of Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago. The most abundant form of the nitrogen was the nitrate, mainly in the summer where the obtained values, in the layer eufotic, they were larger than in the fall. the same vertical distribution was obtained for the nitrate, phosphate and silicate, along the column of water, so much in the summer as in the fall and the vertical distribution of the nitrite is associated with the nitracline, in both studied periods. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the temperature didn't present seasonal influence, while the salinity and the nutrients, mainly the silicate, varied its distribution with them researched season. The area that showed larger variability with the periods of the studied year, in the tests of contrasts, went the one of to North Chain of Brazil, suggesting a seasonal influence with the discharge of the Amazonas River. For the obtained results it was verified that three areas statistical different exist: (the) Area of the banks of the North Chain of Brazil, (b) Area of Fernando of Noronha chain and (c) Area now denominated East of Sain Peter and Saint Paul archipelago, that includes the area of oceanic domain and Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago.
Área de pesquisa de opinião e mercado: um estudo sobre processo de profissionalização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-08-30)
Silva, Érica Regina da
;
Bonelli, Maria da Glória
Reconstrução tomográfica de imagens utilizando técnicas POCS seqüenciais e paralelas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-08-31)
Salina, Fernando Vernal
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
In this dissertation four algorithms are presented for the tomographic reconstruction of images using methods denominated POCS - Projections onto Convex Sets, which are the ART - Algebraic Reconstruction Technique, the SIRT - Simultaneous Iterative Reconstructive Technique, the sequencial POCS and parallel POCS. A comparison is made between the reconstruction methods named above, in the presence of noise and in the reconstruction from limited view. In each reconstruction, the result of each iteration is compared with the desired image, also showing the convergence curve for each method. For the tomographic reconstructions, projections from test bodies obtained throught simulation were used and also experimental projections obtained by the mini-tomograph scanner of CNPDIA-EMBRAPA. Although were considered only the reconstruction based an projections obtained with parallel beams, the methods here described can also reconstruct images that are independent of the source-detector geometry used by the tomograph scanner. The use of restrictions over the solutions, as in the case of serial and parallel POCS, demonstrated efficiency in reducing the variability due to the ill-conditioning of the problem.
Arquitetura de redes neurais para o reconhecimento facial baseado no neocognitron
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-09-27)
Bianchini, Ângelo Rodrigo
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Saito, José Hiroki
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
In this dissertation it is presented a face recognition system based in the neocognitron (NEOPC). This system is divided into three major stages: (a) pré-processing: which normalizes the facial samples utilized in the neural network architectures; (b) Neural Network for Detection of Control Points (NNDCP): which obtains the control points to be used in the non supervised training structure of the neocognitron and (c) Neural Network for the Facial Recognition (NNFR), which carried out the recognition of face samples.The main characteristic of NEOPC is the use of control points for the extraction of patterns strategically located, such as eyes, noses and lips, used on non supervised training of the NNFR. The tests of the NEOPC were carried out, considering facial samples having variations of angles and expressions, and different amounts of classes and samples to the training and recognition stages. For the attainment of the results, a base of images released by the University of Cambridge and three bases of images developed as part of this work. In order to compare the several results obtained with the four bases of images investigated in this dissertation we present in all of them relevant information, such as, the thresholds used for the excitation of neurons, rightness and error rates. The results shows that the NEOPC performance increases with the number of samples used for the training, until an optimal point, and then decreases. It is explained by the increase of the cell numbers with the features from new samples, difficulty the recognition.
Paisagística e conservação de biodiversidade na região sul mineira: subsídios ao desenvolvimento rural sustentável
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-10-30)
Cavallini, Marcelo Meirelles
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Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9864133952600325
Habitat loss is the largest factor contributing to the current regional species extinction event. The implementation of parks and reserves is an important strategy to protect ecosystems, but planning is necessary to adjust socioeconomic development and natural resources conservation, especially around protected areas. This study was realized in some municipalities of Mantiqueira mountain range, south of Minas Gerais state (Brazil). The objective was to obtain, organize and integrate historic, cultural, agrarian and ecological information, contributing for the environmental planning based on the rational use of natural resources. The utilization of different methodologies in analysis process allowed to provide important results to understand the environmental context, as well as permitted to supply complementary development proposals for this region. The results support family farmer as an agrarian model that propitiates best possibilities to natural areas conservation and management.
Aspectos bionômicos de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) Erythroxylum microphyllum (Erythroxylaceae) na região de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-11-12)
Marconato, Gláucia
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
This work was carried out in a Cerrado area near to riparian forest. We studied the Geometridae associated to Erythroxylum microphyllum. The samples were collected at each two weeks, during a year. Its was used the method of entomological umbrella. The larvae was grown in the laboratory, using the host plant as food. It occured 22 species of Geometridae arranged in 15 genus, 11 genus of Hymenoptera Parasitca and two Diptera Tachindae. The most common species that occured was Cyclomia mopsaria, whose relative abundance was 83%. Other Geometridae recorded were: Glena unipennaria, G. bipennaria, G. demissaria, G. brachia, Physocleora junctilinea, P. cariaria, Physocleora sp., Iridopsis fulvitincta, I. nigraria, Hymenomima amberia, Macaria regulata, Ischnopteris sp., Prochoerodes onustaria, Prochoerodes sp., Thyrinteina arnobia, Nematocampa sp., Melanolophia sp., Isochromodes, Semaeopus lunifera and Semaeopus vizaria. The Hymenoptera parasitoids were: Microcharops peronata, Charops sp., Metopius sp., Hyposoter sp., Mesochorus sp., Aleiodes sp., Distatrix sp., Meteorus sp., Protapanteles sp., Rasivalva sp., e Euplectrus sp. The Diptera Tachinidae were: Winthemia sp., and a Blondeliini species. The period of higher occurrence of larvae was between the end of rainy season and the begining of the dry season. At this same period, was recorded the lowest rate of parasitism.
Estudo da biodiversidade dos Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) em área de mata Atlântica do Parque Estadual do Jaraguá. São Paulo/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-11-13)
Yamada, Magda Viviane
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
For the planning and environmental monitoring aiming at the conservation, the arthropods are appropriated as indicating species due to its great abundance, morphologic, taxonomic and functional diversities. Despite the potential for the use of Insecta as bioindicators, little attention has been spent to them by biologists, ecologists and taxonomists, not only in the current knowledge application, but also for new methodologies development. For this reason, this study proposal was to evaluate the potential use of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) as terrestrial biodiversity indicator in the State Park of Jaraguá, São Paulo state, Brazil. A multimetric characterization involving the environmental variables (temperature, luminosity and humidity) and biotic variables (vegetation, hosts and parasitoids) were applied in order to characterize the selected microenvironments. The samples of the organisms were obtained in a condensed way in four periods of ten days corresponding to the dry season (November of 1999 and July of 2000) and to the rainy one (March and December of 2000). In order to sample a large local faunistic diversity, three backing techniques of insects collection were used: Malaise traps, Yellow Pan Traps and Sweeping of the Vegetation. The clustering analysis method was applied to evidence the similarity among sampling sites in the dried and rainy periods. Many fast techniques of environment evaluation of quality adopt a multimetric boarding using a set of metric in order to evaluate the environment degradation. In this study we use as metric four categories of variables: variables of parasitoids community structure, ecological parasitoids variables, environmental variables and variables of the floristic composition. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used aiming at evidencing possible standards in the sites of sampling in the different seasons in relation to the metric ones. Were captured 2449 specimens of Braconidae, in which the more collected subfamilies were Alysiinae, Doryctinae and Microgastrinae with approximately 74% of the total sample. The analysis allowed us to verify two groups of habitats, one formed by Sopé and Silêncio and another formed by Zé, Pico and Aloja. The results indicate a difference in the structure of the community, mainly in relation to the sites sampled, suggesting that the different uses of the ground can influence the biotic variables (Alysiinae, Microgastrinae, etc.) and the abiotic variables (luminosity, humidity, etc.). Moreover, this study indicates the potential use of some metric to the evaluation of environmental quality, considering the Braconidae as bioindicators.
Paradigmas estratégicos de gestão da manufatura: configuração, relações com planejamento e controle da produção e estudo exploratório na indústria de calçados.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-11-19)
Godinho Filho, Moacir
;
Fernandes, Flavio Cesar Faria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
This work presents a new concept in Production Management field: Manufacturing Management Strategical Paradigms (MaMSPs). The main MaMSPs are identified: Modern Mass Production (MMP), Lean Manufaturing (LM), Responsive Manufacturing (RM), Mass Customization (MC) and Agile Manufacturing (AM). Relationships between these paradigms and manufacturing strategic goals and between the paradigms and important aspects o Production Control are proposed, providing a strategic approach to Production Management. Regarding each specific paradigm, this work reaches some important goals: it shows that Mass Production is still used in brazilian shoe industry, with some differences regarding Fordism. Relating LM, a literature review on this matter is structured according to four key elements of all MaMSP. Regarding RM, we propose a new methodology for design and implementation of RM. This methodology focuses on Production Control activities, which we consider the key to reach responsiveness. Regarding MC and AM we differentiate these paradigms. This differentiation contributes to diminish some concepts confusion about these paradigms. In this work we also propose two other methodologies: i) to identify the MaMSP used for a company; ii) to identify the most suitable MaMSP for a company. Both methodologies are illustrated in six case studies on brazilian shoe industry. Using both methodologies in a coordinated way provides a correct strategic position for companies. Finally, we conclude that this work contributes with Production Management field through the proposition of some methodologies regarding Manufacturing Strategy and Production Planning and Control.
Prospecção tecnológica em materiais: aumento da eficiência do tratamento bibliométrico. Aplicação na análise de tratamentos de superfície resistentes ao desgaste
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2001-12-07)
Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
;
Gregolin, José Angelo Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842651773105125
Nowadays, there is a wide information bulk in accelerated increase that needs high efficiency of analysis to the decision maker. Databases spreading become more important the production of indicators to technological forecasting by using automated bibliometric analysis. Although, the most databases aren t structured for this goal. In this way, it becomes fundamental the data preparation considering the technologies studied, the features of database used and of information retrieved, besides of the programming technologies. In this work, it was developed solutions to increase the efficiency of bibliometric analysis from essential databases in materials science and technology. New solution was developed to the Metadex database that allowed automatic grouping of processes, properties, factors that can influence properties and processes and shape of materials. Also, it was created a new database contained more than 30 millions of restructured records from Web of Science, inserting all the cited authors besides the first (the only one available), classification inserting, improvement of data retrieval and others. Study complementary was developed to improve the Derwent Innovation Index that improved the technological study of different countries. The methods were applied to the forecasting study of hermetic compressor surface treatments. It was possible to create and analyze indicators of the main surface treatment technologies to decrease wear, relations between applications and coatings types, among R&D fields, countries, institutions, companies and renowned researches. Also, the developed methods can be adaptable to as other databases as other technological forecasting studies like materials field or other technological and scientific knowledge fields.