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Composição da avifauna da Estação Ecológica de São Carlos (Brotas-SP) e reserva ambiental da Fazenda Santa Cecília (Patrocinio Paulista)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-02-26) Pozza, Didier David; Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
A quali-quantitative survey was carried out in two seasonal semideciduous forest fragments (75 and 100 ha) of interior of São Paulo state. The purpose was to characterize their bird communities concerning richness, abundance and species occurrence in these areas. The qualitative survey showed 145 species at Estação Ecológica de São Carlos-EESCar (Brotas) and 173 at Fazenda Santa Cecília-FSC (Patrocínio Paulista), whereas the quantitative survey revealed the presence of 60 and 72 species at EESCar and FSC, respectively. Only 4,14% of species in EESCar e 20,24% in FSC had specific frequency of occurrence over 75%. Analysing the abundance index values (IPA), we observed that number of species with low IPA was high at EESCar and at FSC. The small size and the isolation at EESCar might be responsible for its low species number IPA. In the FSC was also observed a bigger occurrence of endangered species for São Paulo state. The analysis of guildes is important to indicate the ecological conditions of one fragment. Apparently, the fragment at FSC has a better environmental quality to shelter more species, including the endangered. The study of this bird community is important for the elaboration of the conservation management plan of the natural areas.
Estudo da riqueza de Hymenoptera (Braconidae: Ichneumonoidea) em áreas de vegetação natural da APA de Descalvado, SP: subsídio para confecção de material paradidático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-02-26) Cirelli, Kátia Resende Netto; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
A survey of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) fauna on northwest São Paulo State fragmentary natural environments was conducted using Malaise traps in five sites of Environmental Protected Area of Descalvado, SP, Brazil. A total of 2262 specimens, representing 22 subfamilies and 94 genera, was recovered throughout a period of sixteen months from may 1999 to august 2000. Biological data were obtained from current literature and behavior patterns of host utilization for the studied fauna, in special the Braconidae which have been successful in control of agricultural insect pest. Statistical analyses indicated that the asymptote of current genera richness has been approached using this sampling method. This is the most complete survey available from natural fragmentary areas of the Descalvado Braconidae fauna. Patterns of distribution and richness of the genera of the Braconidae were recovered. Cluster Analysis was adopted taking as attribute the number of Braconidae genera. The flight phenology of these 22 subfamilies of Braconidae was studied and the trap catch for koinobionts peak was in August, 1999 a month before of the idiobionts peak and in June, 2000 both peaks were simultaneous. The phenological peaks of dominant koinobiont taxa (Microgastrinae) were similar to all koinobionts, and the peaks of dominant idiobiont taxa (Doryctinae) were similar to all idiobionts, as well. February, 2000, was the richer month in number of subfamilies (N= 18), corresponding to the same period when the subfamilies wich potencially attack Lepidoptera where collected. The number of females was superior to the number of males and this relation was more accentuated in koinobionts. The peaks of both females and males were similar to dominant koinobiont and idiobiont taxa. Eight new species of the genus Pseudognaptodon Fischer, 1965 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Gnamptodontinae) collected in this study were described andillustrated. These information were used to produce the pedagogic material (CD-ROM) which will be distributed in the schools of Descalvado, SP, Brazil, after the training of the teachers.
A comunidade de macrófitas aquáticas em reservatórios do médio e baixo Rio Tietê (SP) e em lagos da bacia do médio Rio Doce (MG)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002-02-26) Tavares, Katia Sendra; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Macrophytes have a fundamental role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems due to their high primary productivity, participation in the nutrient cycling, and interactions with many other components of the system. Many species of macrophytes can be bioindicator of the trophic state or succession stage of the system. In the present work the macrophyte communities of twelve lakes in the Middle Rio Doce (MG) and a cascade of six reservoirs (SP) were analysed, comparing systems naturally and artificially fragmented. Four sampling expeditions to the Rio Doce system and three to the Tietê were performed during the 2001 2002 period. The macrophyte species present were recorded, photographed and collected for herborization. The community was analysed in relation to the species richness, dominant species, the frequence of occurrence and the species composition similarity, intra and inter lake and reservoir systems. The relationship between species richness and lake morphometry was also analised. Macrophyte biomass was determined for selected stands, in order to verify the existence of temporal variations. In the lakes of Middle Rio Doce system a total of 53 species were registered, belonging to 25 genera and 23 families. The occurrence of Habenaria fastor Hoene (Orchidaceae) in this system of lakes was recorded for the first time. The highest richness occurred in the lakes Barra and Verde. Species composition varied considerably among lakes and between periods. No statistically significant relationships were found between species richness and variables related to lake morphometry, although a tendency of increase in the species richness as a function of the increase in the area and perimeter of the lakes was observed. In Tietê reservoirs a total of 48 species were found, belonging to 26 genus and 22 families. The species composition in the first three reservoirs (Middle Tietê) differed from that on the last three reservoirs (Low Tietê). The relationship among the species richness and reservoir morphometry was not statistically significant, however there was a tendency of decreasing richness as the reservoir area or perimeter increased. Twenty three species were shared among both systems; 23 exclusively on lakes of Middle Rio Doce and 18 exclusively in on Tietê reservoirs. The families Cyperaceae and Onagraceae were the ones represented by the highest number of species in both systems. Marked differences were found between the studied systems. The macrophyte species richness was higher in the Middle Rio Doce lakes than in the Tietê reservoirs. In the lakes the increase in the area and perimeter were factors directly related to the increase in species richness whereas in the reservoirs this relationship was inverse. Biomass of macrophytes in selected stands varied greatly between periods, however total biomass per areal unity was similar, although the highest values were recorded in Nova Avanhandava and Ibitinga reservoirs. The results of this study have indicated that the lakes of Middle Rio Doce being a naturally fragmented system, ancient and stable, have a higher macrophyte diversity, whereas the Tietê reservoirs, recently and artificially fragmented and also with greater instability have a lower diversity. Also, the species richness in the reservoirs appeared to be not directly related to the area and perimeter, variables which are representative of their most propitious habitats in natural systems.