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Planejamento urbano e conservação ambiental. Estudo de caso: Goiânia-GO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-09-12) Mota, Luciana Costa; Cavalheiro, Felisberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0158443345380578
The main objective of this work is contribute to Goiânia city environmental planning, with special focus in fragile (sensitive) areas, in valley areas. We started with biophysical characterization of the area, identifying and delimitating, in the Urban Zone (ZU) and Expanded Urban Zone (ZEU), fragile (sensitive) areas (areas with medium and high Natural Erosion Potential PNE and/or areas related to the hidrological cycle - floodplans). We also identified federal and municipal (county) regulations, and the proposals of Goiânia Director Plans for valley areas. Then we evaluated their adequability, foccusing environmental conservation. Finally, based on actual diagnosis of land use in valley areas, Environmental Protected Zones I (ZPA-I) associated to hidrography and the fragile (sensitive) areas within these areas, we evaluated the applicability of laws and plans for valley areas during (along) the city development and grow. Evaluating Legal rules and planning guidelines, we identified that since 1960, permanent preservation areas with at minimum 50 meters from the river flood height, should receive land uses compatible with environmental conservation (recreational, cultural, environmental education, park etc). ZU e ZEU presented 40.73% of areas with medium and high PNE in valley areas, representing 59.69% of valley areas, and 22.01% of that are legally protected by ZPAs-I. The ZPas-I represent 14.62% of ZU and ZEU (49.22% of it are represented by areas of medium and high PNE) and have only 44.21% of natural vegetation which 10.71% are within properties. Properties areas already occuppy 26.62% of ZPAs-I. In valley areas only 34.81% are vegetated, and in valley areas legally protected by ZPAs-I, 47.46% have natural vegetation. In valleys´s fragile areas 31.66% are vegetated. When those areas are protected by ZPAs-I, vegetated areas increase to 40.71%. The floodplans (within valley and legally protected by ZPAs-I) are 56.54% covered by vegetation which 13.88% are within properties. The results evidenciated that valley areas are structurally and functionally fragile (sensitive) and municipal plans and legal regulations for these areas are adequated. However, regulations measurements for buffer zones (ZPAs-I) usually don´t cover all fragille areas (areas with medium and high PNE). Finnaly the study identified insufficient urban instruments (Director Plans and land use regulations) to efectivelly protect fragile areas during (along) the city development and grow. Even dough, fragile areas within valleys, legally protected by ZPAs-I, presented better environmental conservation conditions than the others fragile areas.
Proposição de valores de referência para concentração de metais e metalóides em sedimentos limnicos e fluviais da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Tietê, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-09-12) Nascimento, Marcos Roberto Lopes do; Mozeto, Antonio Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6594211224864538; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7346670090999065
This project represents the first efforts in Brazil in the proposition and establishment of reference concentration values for metals and metalloids in limnic and fluvial sediments. The selected study site is the Tietê River basin (São Paulo State, southeast region), a watershed which is under significative environmental impact and degradation since the onset of the Brazilian revolution at early-midd 50 s. In order to consolidate the analytical values 1,100 analyses were performed encompassing 95 sampling points in 29 municipalities, from the upper stream parts of the river down to its mouth at the Paraná River, covering an extension of approximate 800 km. Sediment samples were collected in small streams and rivers as closest as possile to their upper reaches, as well as in rivers and reservoirs in locations minimally affected by human contamination. Samples were initially sieved for separation of the particles <63 µm, dryed at 50°C, and extracted with a mixture of strong acid solution (HNO3, HF, HClO4 and HCl). Chemical analyses were performed by induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry for Cr, Ti, Zn and V, and via atomic absorption spectrometry using conventional flame for Co, Cu, Ni and Pb, graphite furnace for Cd and Ag, hydride generation for As and Se, and cold vapor for Hg. U and Th were analysed by molecular absorption spectrophotometry using the chromogenic reagent Arsenazo III. The reference concentrations determined by this study showed significant differences with respect to the assumed global geological reference for some elements; differences were also detected among the concentrations of the same element from different basin regions and are attributed to differences in regional geochemical characteristics. As a consequence of these lithological variations, four different sets of reference concentration values are proposed valid to the different regions of the studied basin. This study also presents application of different sediment quality classification models and potential ecological risk index for Bariri, Billings, Rasgão, Barra Bonita and Promissão reservoirs.
Estudo das propriedades estruturais e desenvolvimento de eletrodos modificados de novas porfirinas polimetaladas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003-09-12) Dinelli, Luís Rogério; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
In this work we synthetisized and characterized different polymetallated pophyrins, using as precursors 5,10,15,20-piridilporphyrin and [RuCl2(CO(DMF)(PPh3)2], cis-[RuCl2(bipy)(dppb)] and mer-[RuCl3(dppb)(H2O)] as peripherical componds. The internal metals into de macrocyclic porphyrin were Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). These complexes were characterized by several techciques such as, absorptional spectroscopy in the visible, utraviole and near infrared region, vibracional spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray crystallography and elemental analyses of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Modified electrode was obtained using the porphyrin {Co(II)-[RuCl2(dppb)]4} by cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode was obtained in carbon vitreos and the proposed mechanism for the formation of the film was consolidated with the existence of the intervalence transition in the near infrared, which one was attributed to intervalence transition Ru(II) → Ru(III). Such modified electrode was used for the determination, using the technique of cyclic voltammetry, of hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, dopamine, catecol, ascorbic acid and paracetamol. Dopamine and paracetamol were also analyzed in commercial medicines. Dopamine was determined in the µmol concentrations range usin squere wave voltammetry technique. The X-ray structure of to the porphyrin {Ni(II)-[RuCl3(dppb)]4} was determined. Modified electrode, obtained with the pophyron {H2-TPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4} using the same procedure, was used as potenciometric sensor for pH measures. Langmuir-Blodgett films were obtained with the porphyrin {H2-TPyP[RuCl3(dppb)]4.