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Desenvolvimento de um programa educacional de formação continuada: o torna-se educador a partir de reflexões e (trans) formações em busca de melhoria do ensino e da aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-09) Danaga, Nilce Helena Poiatti; Huet, Aparecida Barco Soler
The teaching democraticalization by Federal Constitution of 1988 and the National Education Basis and Guidelined Law 9394/96, provided opportunity of teaching for all and intensified the need of educational system changes for better theaching quality. Aiming to reduce the school failure, the public politics for education have been prodigal in the variety of alfabetization, assessment, recovering of the not-understood contents end even school physical space use programs. The teacher s capacitation became a Education s Ministry preocupation, so was stablished in 2001 the PROFA Programa de Formação de Professores Alfabetizadores (Program of Formation Alphabet Teachers) with assistence of the municipal teaching system. Bringing a course of didactics contents and procedures improvement with a theoric base settled in a vast bibliography with psychologist and socialist character, this program had as the initial purpose to guide the teachers and to contribute for the development of their abilities in the alphabet process. However, would the PROFA s purposes change the teacher s practice, and improved the children apprenticeship? The answer for this was seeked by developing a case study with a qualitative investigation aiming to know entirely the PROFA, to mark each proposal stage, to follow the application of activities in fundamental school classrooms as well the children development and aprenticeship. Associating a bibliography study, a documental analysis, interviews and participant comment, was following during the year of 2002 the classroom s activities of teachers from first stage of Coronel Tobias Fundamental Education Municipal School in Descalvado SP. The methodological directions application of the PROFA provided a children progress on reading, hand-writing and oral interpretation, and text production, but not enaigh for all of them take the same profit during the year. Also the subsidies given by the PROFA were accepted and applied by the teachers at the daily activities school. Was concluded that it is important the need of the evaluation of paradigms of Formation that provides the preparation of teachers more reflexive and committed with education to incorporate effectiveness the contents didactic-methodologicals given by the Program like this in the daily pratice professional of the educators. As well efficient public politics, the pedagogic promises of all professional in this area is very important to get education improvement, including the commitment between teachers, co-ordenators, supervisors and director of the school. Is not possible to change it if the educators save efforts to get it done, they must play their role in this process.
Diatomáceas epilíticas indicadoras da qualidade de água na bacia do Rio Gravataí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-09) Salomoni, Saionara Eliane; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
Diatoms are amongst the most representative groups of algae in periphytic communities. There is evidence that epilithic diatom assemblages are good indicators of environmental condition since species composition and population abundances change in a more or less predictable way due to pollution or contamination of surrounding waters. The present study investigated limnological characteristics of the Gravataí River, RS, Brazil, following, in the course of two seasons, variations of physical, chemical and biological variables, between September 2000 and August 2002. Spatial and temporal changes in the structure and diversity of epilithic diatom communities were studied in order to be applied as water quality indicators. Sampling of epilithic diatoms from stones used as artificial substrates were carried out every three months, in six sites along the river. Climatic, hydrological physical and chemical variables were simultaneously analyzed. A marked seasonal variability was observed regardig both climate and hydrology. Seasonal variation in temperature was wide, with a range of 20°C between summer and winter seasons and a one order of magnitude variation in river discharge. The results evidenced that Gravataí River has two distinct portions, the Upper-Middle stretch, oligotrophic, oligo-mesosaprobic, being placed in Class 1 or 2 regarding, water uses according to CONAMA classification and the Low Stretch , meso-eutrophic, meso-polisaprobic, Class 2, 3 and 4. There is a gradient descontinuity in the Middle course caused by the discharge of heavily polluted residual waters from Porto Alegre city, resulting on increments of labile organic matter and increase of 3 to 50 times on DBO and faecal coliforms, respectively. A total of 169 taxons were recorded in the epilithic diatom assemblages of Gravataí River during the studied period. The species Cocconeis placentula, Achnanthes sp, Selllaphora seminulum and Eolimna minima were particularly abundant in the autumn, whereas Gomphonema parvulum, Eunotia pectinalis and Navicula radiosa reached the highest densities in the winter. It was also observed that Nitzschia palea and Sellaphora seminulum became gradually dominant and constant species in the Low stretch of the river, for being more tolerant to pollution. The use of a biotic index considering both environmental variables and the relative abundances of species, combined as indicative values, well represented the gradient and temporam changes observed..Comparing these indices with those calculated using the Regional Water Quality Index available from literature gave very similar values evidenced that the model might adequately describe the water quality in the rivers of Rio Grande do Sul.