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Análise do uso da linguagem em crianças com deficiência visual sob uma perspectiva funcional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-12) Oliveira, Jáima Pinheiro de; Oliveira, Susi Lippi Marques
The importance of the language for the visual impairments children is unquestionable. Therefore, it is in function of it that they plan, modify or they improve their behavior. In the scientific field, it is discussed until the point the absence of the vision intervenes in its acquisition, development and use. The main objective of this study was to analyse the differences and similarities between the pragmatic performance of the language of visual impairments and sighted children in different contexts. Six preschoolers and their mothers had participated in the set of observations: two blind children; two visual impairments children; and two sighted children. The participants from Instituto dos Cegos do Brasil Central (MG) were chosen after a critical selection performed by clinical diagnostic and anamnese interviews with their mothers. Free and planned monitoring sections were performed in their homes and in the Instituto dos Cegos. In addition, the sections were taperecorded. The analyses of different situations were based on the functional use of the language, being considered communicative functions, as well as the ways used in the emissions. The results had indicated that the predominant way in the communication is the verbal one. The children with low vision capacity used more motor actions, because of the attempt to nominate them verbally, later. The blind children used more the verbal way in its communication, mainly to require information of the environment and after that to plan or to modify its behavior. In relation to the stimulation in their homes, it was possible to verify the use of materials adapted (ball-bell) by some mothers as well as alterations in the interaction between mother-child, which was evidenced mainly for low the frequency of communicative functions arisen from the children. The results of the study had important educational implications, mainly for the interventions with the family in their homes.
Macroinvertebrados bentônicos em córregos da Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP: subsídios para monitoramento ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-03-12) Guereschi, Renata Maria; Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
The Jataí Ecological Station (EEJ), located in Luiz Antônio, State of São Paulo, Brazil, is a Conservation Unit of Indirect Use in an area jeopardized by highly mechanized agriculture and subject to multiple disturbances, which pose threats to its biodiversity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the environmental conditions of the Boa Sorte, Beija-Flor and Cafundó streams in the EEJ and of a stream near this station, in Luiz Antônio, through the study of benthic macroinvertebrates. To this end eight collection sites were established, and sampling was carried out bimonthly from December 2000 to August 2002. The water samples collected were subsequently taken to the lab and had their nutrients and suspended solids analyzed. Other abiotic variables were measured in situ. Artificial substrate was used to capture the benthic macroinvertebrates. The analyses of the physical and chemical variables confirmed the characterization of distinct periods (dry and rainy) and the influence of the overflowing of the Mogi-Guaçu river at the sites located in the flood plain. There were collected 8,072 specimens, distributed among 81 taxonomic units, out of which 36 corresponded to groups of higher categories up to the family level and 46 genus of Chironomidae. The taxocenosis analyses of the benthic macroinvertebrates indicate temporal and spatial differences reflecting the two seasonal periods (dry and rainy), with higher organism densities and taxonomic richness in the dry season. Although most of the taxa were found at all sampling sites, differences in fauna composition were observed, which reflecting the activities developed in every micro-basin monitored in this work.