Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2004-05-27"

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CSK: uma abordagem para estruturação de kernel de tempo real em componentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-27)
Correia, Lúcio José Herculano
;
Moron, Célio Estevan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635476812779360
Generally, operating systems offer a set of services through primitives that are used on demand by applications. Similarly, software components implement and provide services through well-defined interfaces, which are reused in different software projects of a problem domain. Based upon this similarity, it is researched the reuse of software components in real time operating systems projects. It is presented CSK (Computer Structured Kernel) approach for structuring a real time kernel with software components. The approach is divided in two phases. In the first one software components are built from the legacy code and documentation of a preexisting kernel. In the second one, that kernel is rebuilt by reusing the produced components. A case study applies CSK to real time kernel Virtuoso.
Integração dos requisitos temporais de um Kernel de tempo-real e de sua comunicação em redes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-27)
Rossler, Daniel Augusto
;
Moron, Célio Estevan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635476812779360
The study performed on this paper is intended to extend the message exchange between process of a real time kernel, that nowadays is executed between processes on the same station, in order to cover also distinguish stations. In order to allow location transparency to the processes, a name server is used to manage the system processes. And to optimize the server access, the cache and pre-fetching techniques are utilized. Also, during the arrival of a new message to a system node, the Priority Ceiling Protocol will be used to define the priority of the process that will receive the message. As result of this work, it was developed a Real Time Operating System with all the features described above. The name of this Operating System is Sao Carlos.
Combinação de múltiplos classificadores para identificação de materiais em imagens ruidosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Ponti Junior, Moacir Pereira
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
Material identification in images has been explored in multiple areas and very interesting applications are arising in this field. This work uses noisy multispectral images from a computerized tomograph scanner acquired with multiple energies for soil sciences applications and developes a recognition system to identify materials on the scanned body. Techniques of statistical classification were used. The individual classifiers: Parzen, k-nearest neighbors, logistic and linear Bayesian were combined in order to study the behavior of classifier combination techniques. For this task, we used the fixed rules combiners: majority voting, maximum, minimum, median, sum and product. Also, a second stage of combination was considered and used, the majority voting of combiners. The performance of the classifiers was analyzed through the leave-one-out cross-validation error estimation method and the Kappa coefficient. The advantages of the use of multiple energies in the problems of identification of images and the behavior of each combination method are also demonstrated. The results pointed out that the combination of classifiers gives better capacity of generalization and more stable results than the individual classifiers, using information supplied for all individual classifiers, including the weakest one, being recommended in classification of scarce, difficult discrimination data, on the presence of ambiguity or high`noise levels.
Da incorporação do proletariado ao direito do trabalho: um estudo sobre o projeto positivista de organização das relações de trabalho no Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Superti, Eliane
;
Villa, Marco Antonio
The present study had as an objective a greater understanding of the problems related to the Social Issue in Brazil. Among the other aspects of this theme, we focus the ideological and political process of elaboration of the positivist project of organization of the work relations, looking for to understand to which extent certain positivist ideals of this project had been incorporated and making up the historical construction of national labor law. Within the set of comtian positivist theory, the ideal of proletariat incorporation into the modern society occupies a core position intrinsically entailed to the political realization of the theory. According to Comte, become the working class integrated part of the capitalist society used to imply realizing the deep moral reform in the political and economic concepts proposed by positivism, reorganizing the society to the extent that turns harmonious the relations between the capital and work. In Brazil, the national positivists claim that the solution for the working issue had such a first challenge overcome the slavery. But the problem could not be solved simply with the abolition, it was necessary a project which integrated the former slavers into the society. Reforming the positivist theory by Augusto Comte from the national needs, the Brazilian positivists made up to the nation a reorganizing project of the working relations, which embraces a large proposal of social reform. Getting a spot in Rio Grande do Sul, such a theory was given an important political expression through Júlio de Castilhos and Borges de Medeiros period of governorship, reaching out the 1907 generation that took part in the revolution of 1930, and led by Getúlio Vargas assumed the pos-revolutionary government. The State configuration from 1930 revealed the assimilation of the positivist ideas of the proletariat incorporation, the social harmony, and the collaboration among the classes. The positivist project if constitutes, thus, in an important source of the ideological inspiration about the working right in Brazil.
Algoritmo SSDM para a mineração de dados semanticamente similares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Escovar, Eduardo Luís Garcia
;
Biajiz, Mauro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8331600770992494
The SSDM algorithm, created to allow semantically similar data mining, is presented in this work. Using fuzzy logic concepts, this algorithm analyzes the similarity grade between items, considering it if it is greater than a user-defined parameter. When this occurs, fuzzy associations between items are established, and are expressed in the association rules obtained. Therefore, besides associations discovered by conventional algorithms, SSDM also discovers semantic associations, showing them together with the other rules obtained. To do that, strategies are defined to discover these associations and calculate the support and the confidence of the rules where they appear.
Sobre o modelo neural RuleNet e suas características simbólica e cooperativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Figueira, Lucas Baggio
;
Nicoletti, Maria do Carmo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6454154048263145
Machine learning is an area of Artificial Intelligence that deals with methods and techniques for implementing automatic learning in computational systems. This research work investigates a machine learning neural model called RuleNet and its extension for fuzzy domains named Fuzzy RuleNet. Among the advantages of the RuleNet proposal are its simplicity, easiness and fast training as well as the way it represents the induced concept, which can be characterized as symbolic. This aspect makes RuleNet suitable for participating in cooperative systems. This research work investigates both the contribution of the RuleNet model as a stand alone learning technique as well as part of a cooperative system. It presents and discusses the results obtained in several experiments, evaluating RuleNet as a stand alone machine learning (versus two other machine learning methods, the ID3 and the NGE) and as part of a cooperative system, articulated to ID3 and to NGE.
Características da aprendizagem significativa em proposições expressas por escrito pelos alunos do ensino fundamental: um estudo de conceitos químicos proposto a partir de atividades experimentais.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-28)
Bossolani, Keila
;
Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
In this study, it was attempted to develop some experimental activities with the objective of extracting and identifying chemical elements from commercial products of low cost and easy access. The developing finality of these practices would be to compound, later on, an instructional material. In the organization of this material content there would be experimental and nonexperimental activities, which, together, would form a group of didactical activities that would allow discussion about some chemical concepts and provide a significative learning. The experiments were developed first in domestic conditions, because the objective was to build practices, which could be applied in any teaching institution, even in school needy of physical and material basic structures. With the support of the Scientific and Cultural Promotion Center (CDCC), the experiments are now developed in this institution of teaching and research. Therefore, the group of experimental activities developed made possible the extraction of chemical elements: calcium, iron from medicines and food. The chemical concept chemical element and others related to it were approached and emphasized in the didactical material, because with the bibliographic research in didactical and paradidactical books, educational cd-roms and children s games, an absence of experimental activities involving such concepts was perceived. For the elaboration of the instructional material a teaching methodology was used in search of trying to insert the students in an active form in the process of teaching-learning, as well as their previous knowledge. This way, it was attempted to elaborate teaching situations in context which privilege the student s participation in the reconstruction of the knowledge. The activities distribution in the didactical material considered the necessary characteristics in a content organization which hopes to achieve a meaningful learning of concepts and the finalization of this material allowed its application along with the students of the Escola de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Educandário Santo Antônio from Bebedouro SP. The classes were taught by myself while teacher-researcher and with the effective cooperation of the Science teacher. For the data collection the express records written by the students and it was attempted to identify in these records the necessary characteristics to the occurrence of a meaningful learning. The analysis of the data expressed by the students revealed the presence of central themes, conceptual hierarchy which goes from the most general and inclusive concepts to the most specific and lower power of inclusioness, correctly articulated generalizations with examples and non-examples, emphasis on the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels of the knowledge, besides the principles of progressive distinguishment and integrative reconciliation. Furthermore, in most of the apprentice s elaborated propositions, the writings show that the sentences were constructions of their own abilities, which reveal evidence that the concept was comprehended. Besides, the propositions were categorized in relation to the macroscopic and submicroscopic levels of concepts and it was realized that the submicroscopic level prevails over the macroscopic one.
Estudo dos métodos de projeto de fábrica e sua aplicação no setor público de serviços: estudo de caso em escolas de educação infantil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-31)
Guerreiro, Érico Daniel Ricardi
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
This work contributes for the project and planning of children s schools, searching a project method that it makes possible to structuralize the facilities in function of the carried through productive activities. The objective is to analyze the use of the for facilities planning methods, into project of children s schools, its viability, effectiveness, necessity and particularity. This analisys objective to conceive children s schools through a scientific method that guarantees of its productive performance. Initially it is made a study of existing methods of facilities planning, its content and its applications, for election of a method that better get adapted to the project of children s schools. Also a study on the children education is carried through, service that guides the planning of the object of this study, children s schools. Beyond these, a study is become fulfilled on the inquiry of the activity of work, that will guide the practical ones of inquiry of the chosen object for this study. After the chosen method, a study of case in a school on the São Carlos City to prove the application of the method, its necessity and efficiency. One result identified was the lack of knowledge of the demand and its characteristics to it in the city, a determination of the installations on the services and a series of particularities for the application of the method in schools it was also verified that the application of the project method chosen is viable and necessary for the construction of children s schools.
Interação de inseticidas e controle biológico natural na redução dos danos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. SMITH, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) na cultura do milho (Zea mays)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-05-31)
Figueiredo, Maria de Lourdes Corrêa
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
All the experiments were conducted inside of the experimental area of Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (Embrapa National Maize and Sorghum Research Center) in Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil with the objective of evaluating the role of natural enemies and insecticides on the damages of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in maize crop. In the first experiment the occurrence of natural enemies associated to eggs and larvae of S. frugiperda using artificial infestation with laboratory egg masses was evaluated, accomplished fifteen days after the plant emergency (one egg mass/m2). At a 2-day interval, beginning two days after infestation, sampling of 20 plants/plot were accomplished, separating egg masses and larvae of the pest, which were maintained in artificial diet, in the laboratory. The natural enemies presented in the experiment were the predators Doru luteipes Scudder (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) and Orius sp. (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and the parasitoids Chelonus insularis (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), representing 91.07% of the collected species, Eiphosoma laphygmae Costa Lima (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Exasticolus fuscicornis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Archytas incertus (Macquart) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Parasitoids and predators had significant effect on the suppression of the population of S. frugiperda. The number of collected larvae that was 364 at the first sampling period fell down to only 2.6 larvae, at the sampling accomplished 16 days after the infestation. Using the exclusion method (with cage), protecting the pest since egg stage against its natural enemies, it was demonstrated that the larger the pest protection period, the greater the damage. The visual damage scale reached 4.01 (maximum of 5) when the protection period was 16 days. When the protection period was minimum (two days), the average damage scale was only 0.93. As a consequence of the differences in the provoked damage, there was reduction of 52.73% in the production of dry matter and 45.51% in the production of grain yield. In another experiment, exposing the pest to its natural enemies, starting from the eggs, and then, protecting by the cages for different periods, the leaf damage in the plots in that the pest was protected by the largest period was also the highest (3.43). In relative terms, there were reductions of 54.2% in the dry matter production and of 20% in the grain yield. Experiments to evaluate the impact of different groups of insecticides and the possible additional contribution of natural control agents on the suppression of S. frugiperda were also developed, using also egg masses of the pest. The insecticides were applied at 2-day intervals, beginning two days after the infestation and finishing 16 days after. Before spraying, the natural parasitism varied from 27.7% to 54.0%. After the application of the insecticide Match the parasitism was 9.7% (evaluation 24 h after the application) and 1.5% (72 h after the application). Those values were, for the insecticide Fury, 23.37 and 18.23% respectively. For the insecticide Lorsban, the index was 27.3 and 28.2%. Higher index of parasitism was verified when the insecticide microbial Baculovirus spodoptera was applied, respectively, 41.3 and 33.7%. In a general way, all the products protect the plant against the pest acting by themselves or together with other mortality factors. Among such factors, the presence of the predator D. luteipes can be mentioned, especially on plots sprayed with B. spodoptera and Match. For the insecticide Fury, the population of the predator was lower in the 24-h evaluation period than in the 72-h period after application. With relation to the parasitoids, soon after the application of the chemical products, parasitism was much lower than the parasitism observed before spraying. Actually, the number of living larvae also decreased. That reduction can be due to the direct action of insecticides and/or the effect of natural enemies. For instance, the decrease of collected larvae coincided with to growing presence of the predator D. luteipes on plots, before and after the application, especially on those plots where the B. spodoptera and Match were used. The reduction in the number of larvae brought, as a consequence, a significant reduction in the damage caused by the pest. There was no significant difference in grain yields from plots where B. spodoptera, Match and Fury were used. In the case of the insecticide Lorsban, there were some variations in grain yields, probably due to your immediate effect on the larvae and/or killing or repelling the predator D. luteipes. New pest infestation could occur later. Significant occurrence of natural enemies was observed in the experimental area. The density of the natural enemies was enough to give an effective control of the pest. It was concluded that such natural enemies could complete the action of certain insecticides, especially those of high level of selectivity. Considering that the natural enemy observed in the area is associated to eggs and first instar larvae of the pest, it is important in integrated pest management program that a control measure is used starting 12 days after the verification of egg masses in the field, for the control of remaining larvae, and only if their density reaches the level of economical damage.
Estudo comparativo da estrutura da comunidade bentônica de duas represas com diferenças no grau de eutrofização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-02)
Pamplin, Paulo Augusto Zaitune
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
The present study aimed to determine and compare the structure of benthic invertebrates community in two reservoirs strongly differing in relation to trophic state. The reservoirs studied were Ponte Nova and Bariri , both resulting from dams on Tietê River. Sampling was carried out as a screening of the system in 90 sampling station in each reservoir. Sampling were carried out in four periods: January, April, July and October 2001. Both reservoirs are polimictic and had an anoxic hypolimnium in January. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphourus compounds as well as chlorophyll a indicated that Ponte Nova Reservoir is oligo-mesotropic whereas Bariri Reservoir is hipereutrophic. Benthic invertebrates were collected using a Van Veen grab (378cm²) and washed trough a sieve with 210 um open-aperture. A total of 36 were identified in Ponte Nova Reservoir and 39 in Bariri. They belonged to the Oders Ephemeroptera, Diptera, Odonata and Trichoptera (Class Insecta), besides representatives of Oligochaeta and Hirudinea Classes (Filo Anellida) and Gastropoda and Bivalvia Classes (Filo Mollusca). In Ponte Nova Reservoir the highest richness was found in the family Chironomidae (Diptera) represented by 21 taxa, followed by Oligochaeta with 10 species. On the other hand, in Bariri Reservoir Oligochaeta was the group with highest the richness represented by 16 species, followed by Chironomidae with 13 taxa. Chaoborus (Diptera) was numerically dominat in the bentic macroinvertebrate community of Ponte Nova reservoir. They correspond to 77% of the sampled organisms. In Bariri Reservoir, Branchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta) was the dominat organism corresponding to 47,6%. During the study period the highest densities of macroinvertebrates were found in Bariri reservoir varying between 1024.1 and 1657.0 ind.m-2, compared with 562 e 850.0 ind.m-2 in Ponte Nova. The analysis of distribuition of organisms in relation to depth showed that Chaoborus inhabited preferentially the deep region in both reservoirs, whereas Chironomidae and Mollusca, preferred the littoral region. For Oligocheta it was observed that in Ponte Nova Reservoir this group preferentially occupied shallow areas, whereas in Bariri the highest densities were found in the deepest zone. An analysis of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the relation Oligochaeta/Chironamidae showed that the latter was best in characterizing the tropic state of studied environments.
Ambiente institucional e organização de redes de franquias: uma comparação entre Brasil e França
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-05)
Silva, Vivian Lara dos Santos
;
Azevedo, Paulo Furquim de
Franchise companies deal with a classical dilemma: how to reconcile the gains from the expansion of franchising with the potential cost of the brand name misuse by franchisees. This dissertation analysis this question under the institutional background, which differs from one country to another. It intends to explore the role of the formal and informal rules of the game according to NORTH (1990) terminology to institutional environment on the organizational design of franchise companies. To deal with the potential hazards regarding misuse of the valuable asset in a franchise contract, i.e., brand name (RUBIN, 1978), franchise companies should be able to conciliate a better alignment between incentives by franchisees and franchisors to a higher control over franchisees local actions under quality standards. This statement should induce vertical efforts by franchise companies, in terms of interfirm contractual arrangements in both distribution and supply chain management. More than substitutes, these efforts are expected to be complementary. The way that these efforts are combined, however, depends on the rules of the gaime that the companies are embedded, regarding to law (formal rules), as well as culture, social codes, and consumption standards (informal norms) of each coutry. This dissertation presents a comparative analysis of Brazilian and French food franchising. Besides their economic and historical relevance in the international franchising, Brazil and France are embedded in particulars rules of the game, allowing for the discrimination of different institutional environments effect on the franchise companies organization. Based on a standardization interview agenda custom-made for this study, ten cases are addressed. The main empirical results show the complementarities of the vertical efforts and the role of institutional arrangements in the management and control models of brand name value.
As mulheres jornalistas no Estado de São Paulo: o processo de profissionalização e feminização da carreira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-08)
Rocha, Paula Melani
;
Bonelli, Maria da Glória
Estrutura e diversidade florística das diferentes fisionomias de Cerrado e suas correlações com o solo na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-09)
Toppa, Rogério Hartung
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
Jataí Ecologycal Station, located at Luiz Antonio city, has a great habitat diversity spread from strict aquatic environments, like rivers, creeks and lakes, to wetlands and flood plains, till vegetation kinds free from flooding. The following steps were adopted to this work: 1) mapping and characterizing different phytophysiognomies found at Jataí Ecologycal Station, and determining each physiognomy area; 2) carrying out a floristic survey; 3) carrying out the phytossociological survey of Cerrado existing physiognomies at the area; 4) characterizing granullometrically and chemically the soil under each plot; 5) comprehending existing correlations among Cerrado soil and phytophisiognomies recorded. The following working hypothesis were tested: 1) There are different phytophysiognomical kinds of vegetations at Jataí Ecologycal Station, occupying distinct areas. Null hypothesis Jataí Ecologycal Station is physiognomically homogeneous. 2) Floristic composition and structure of different physiognomies at Jataí Ecologycal Station are correlated with granullometrical and chemical features of the soil. Null hypothesis There is no correlation between soil characteristics and phytophysiognomies. To evaluate these hypothesis, phytophysiognomies mapping, vegetation analysis, soil analysis and soil versus vegetation correlation analysis were carried out. Based on photointerpretatives analysis and on field survey, eight phytophysiognomies classes were determined ( cerradão , regenerating cerrado, semi-deciduous forest, flood plain vegetation, campo sujo , cerrado stricto sensu , Pinus and Eucalyptus reflorestation). Most of the Jataí Ecologycal Station (60,72% or 5471,8 ha) has cerradão as principal vegetation. To the phytosociologycal survey, 2631 individuals were sampled at cerradão , being 1229 in the lower layer (0,25ha; 4.916 ind./ha) and 1412 in the upper layer (1ha). A total of 118 species were identified in the cerradão two layers. In the cerrado stricto sensu , 642 individuals were recorded, being 190 in the lower layer (0,25ha; 760 ind./ha) and 452 in the upper layer (1ha). A number of 50 species were identified in the two cerrado stricto sensu phytofisiognomies layers. The diversity index (H ), considering the two studied vegetation types, was 3,44 (70,45% equitability). Indexes were 3,20 in the cerradão (67,08% equitability) and 2,99 in the cerrado stricto sensu (76,43% equitability). In the upper layer of the cerradão , the basal area was 18,37m2/ha, and cerrado stricto sensu was 4,20m2/ha. Statistical analysis showed that cerradão and stricto sensu cerrado phytophysiognomies are distinct according to chemical and granulometrical soil properties. Granulometrical features seemed to be important environmental variables to distinguish the two studied phytophysiognomies. Based on the obtained results, it is believed that soil has an indirect correlation on species density and on vegetal physiognomies occurency at studied area.
Estudos dos efeitos de metaloproteases/desintegrinas isoladas do veneno da serpente Bothrops alternatus sobre a adesão celular e a expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-09)
Cominetti, Marcia Regina
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
This work presents the isolation and biological characterization of a novel metalloprotease/disintegrin, BaG, isolated from the Bothrops alternatus snake venom. BaG was purified in a two-step chromatographic model using Gelatin-Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose resins. The molecular mass of purified protein was estimated by SDS-PAGE as approximately 130kDa under non-reducing conditions and 55kDa under reducing conditions. This result suggests a dimeric structure for BaG. BaG shows proteolytic activity on casein, which was inhibited by EDTA. This protein did not induce any hemorrhage when applied intradermally in mice at doses up to 10µg. 1,10-phenanthroline-treated BaG (BaG-I) inhibits ADPinduced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of approximately 180nM. BaG-I also inhibits fibronectina-mediated cell adhesion with an IC50 of 3.65µM. K562 cells bind to BaG-I probably though interaction with integrin α5β1, since anti-α5β1 antibodies inhibited K562 cell adhesion to BaG-I. BaG-I also induces the detachment of K562 cell previously bound to fibronectin and decreases the number of viable K562 cells after 24, 48 and 72h of incubation. In the second part of this work, gene expression analyses in human fibroblasts treated with alternagin-C (ALT-C) were carried out. ALTC is a disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich protein isolated from the venom of B. alternatus. This protein induces the expression of various cell signaling- and cell proliferation-related genes including VEGF, which was confirmed by ELISA analysis. This induction could explain some previous results showing that ALT-C stimulates cell proliferation in endothelial cells.
Composição, distribuição e organização espacial das lianas em uma floresta estacional semidecidual em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-14)
Hora, Regis Catarino da
;
Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
Many authors did increasingly study lianas in the last years. This group of plants is scarcely known from the point of view of biology, and mainly ecology and their interactions in forests. Great interest remains on aspects related to forest fragment management. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to continue the preliminary survey on occurrence of lianas in a semidecidual tropical forest fragment, in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, measuring occurrence, distribution and organization. At the forest border and inner sites ten 10 x 50 m plots were established, where liana with a diameter equal or greater then 1 cm, and trees with a diameter equal or greater then 5 cm, at 1,3 m from ground surface, were identified and measured. Hight and crown diameter of trees were measured, and the host and the host parts where liana did settle were identified. As hosts were considered trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH)equal or greater then 5 cm, trees smaller then 5 cm at DBH, and lianas used as stand. Settle points were: crown, liana and more then one settle point. Also the partaking of liana on forest litter composition were studied. For this survey, 23 collectors with 50 x 50 cm hanging 50 cm above ground surface were used. As result, 60 species with 2,150 lianas, and 476 trees were found. In general, number of liana at the border were greater than at the inner sites, being 901 on border crown and 733 on inner crown. Tree diameter and hight were significantly correlated with number of liana at the border (r = 0.81; P = 0.09), but not at the inner sites (r = -0.71; P = 0.17). Crown size was not significantly correlated with number of liana at the border and inner plots (respectively r = -0.30; P = 0.68 and r = -0.80; P = 0.13), but with no different between the sites. The aggregation index did show an aggregated distribution for trees at the border sites, and randomized at the inner plots. For lianas, this index points to an aggregated distribution, many times favored by previous liana settling the host. Evaluation of the structural descriptors like number of liana, number of trees, number of trees with liana, mean stem diameter, tree hight and crown size, using the main component analysis, did not find differences between border and inner plots. Although the correspondence analysis for liana related to the site, did point to some species more specific to border or to inner plot habitats. Litter measurements, each 15-days, yielded up to 12.220 kg ha-1 year-1. Leaves did contribute with 7,750 kg ha-1 year-1, 18.96% being liana leaves. Litter yield of liana leaves was related to the period of flowering and fruiting from their main species. Although there was no clear standard for leaf litter fall. Further studies are needed on the relation with tree species, to allow better management mainly of semidecidual forest fragments.
Estudo da formação e remoção de tortas de filtração de gases em filtros de tecidos de polipropileno e de algodão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-15)
Rodrigues, Antonio Carlos Marques
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
The purpose of this work is to evaluate and to compare, in the processes of cake formation and remotion in the gases filtration with Bag Filters, the behavior of a filter made of natural fibers fabric with other made of synthetic fibers. The fabrics compared were a woven cotton with granite texture of 0.735 kg/m² and a non woven polypropylene of 0.600 kg/m². The experimental apparatus consisted of a circular filter with 0.023 m² in area, a powder feeder with controlled powder flow rate and humidity, linked with a microcomputer and a system to collect de data. The particle material was a phosphatic concentrated of density 2.79 x 10³ kg/m³ with mean particle diameter of 4.55 x 10-6 m. In the realization of this work, they were accomplished filtering procedures of the particle material in samples of the mentioned fabrics and cake remotion procedures with reverse air flow procedure, in order to determine the cake removing tension by the method proposed by Seville et al. (1989), also being evaluated other filtration and remotion aspects and data. In order to compare e evaluated the behavior of the fabrics in job conditions, they were also accomplished successive filtration and cleaning cycles in both fabrics until they become particle material saturated. During filtration four gas velocities were employed (4.5; 6.0; 7.5 and 9.0 cm/s), the flow rate was adjusted to 2.0 x 10-5 kg/s (11% of the feeder total velocity) and three maximum pressure drops across the filter were employed (300 mmH2O, 400 mmH2O and 500 mmH2O). In the cleaning steps six cleaning gas velocities were employed (1.6 cm/s; 3.0 cm/s; 9.0 cm/s; 12.0 cm/s; 15.0 cm/s and 18.0 cm/s). In the successive filtration and cleaning cycles they were employed gas filtration velocity of 6.0 cm/s, filtration final pressure drop of 400 mmH2O and gas cleaning velocity of 18.0 cm/s. The polypropylene fabric has taken more cycles to be saturated with the powder in the filtration and cleaning cycles and presented a greater cleaning degree in the cleaning processes, 77% in average, than the cotton that presented 39% of cake removal in average. The polypropylene fabric porosity was found to be greather than the cotton fabric ones. The cake-fabric adhesion force per unit of area has increased with the increase of the filtration gas velocity for both clothes, being remarkable that the polypropylene fabric has presented greather values than the cotton fabric, especially for the cakes formed with filtration gas velocities of 6.0 and 7.5 cm/s. It was also observed that the cake plaques, removed in the cleaning procedures, have increased in size with the increase of the cake removed portion and with the cake mass per unit of area for both studied fabrics.
Legislação e educação: o ideário reformista do ensino primário em Sergipe na Primeira República - 1889-1930.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-15)
Oliveira, Dilma Maria Andrade de
;
Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2452755458267316
The present work intends to discuss the genesis of the Republican teaching in the State of Sergipe (northeast of Brazil), from 1889 to 1930, also called First Republic or Old Republic. The Republic, initiated in 1889, comes together with the belief in the necessity of a remodeling of the economical, political and social order, and in the conviction that education would be the strongest tool for the consolidation of the republican regimen and for the construction of a modern country, capable of offering the people the conditions to be inserted in a representative democratic regimen. In the educational field, it can be pointed out the reforms directed to the public instruction by the State and the Union. The Republic would educate, instruct and form the refined men and free citizens. From the instruction development, men with a new mentality would be born to overcome the intellectual and cultural delay of the country. What was proposed and which possible historical direction of the school education in the First Republic in relation to the structure, to the organization and to the assistance of the primary teaching in the State of Sergipe? We have taken as presumption that the educational laws reveal, in a judging/ institutional and political level, the educational proposals of the ruling segments of the society, while part of a historical social process, in which for their legitimacy through the available tools, the maintenance and consolidation of a certain form of power. For the survey of the issues we have used, firstly , the usual techniques of the work with primary and secondary document resources highlighting the laws, decrees, rules and messages of the government and newspapers from 1889 to 1930, in the state of Sergipe. In the set of actions and procedures, the pedagogical as well as the we political ones, we have evidenced the absence of direction, of a clear design in leading a broad project, that had favored the entrance of the majority of the population to the school education. On the hand, the amount of legal acts directed to the public instruction in order to reform it, is showing that the education was thought and reaffirmed insistently with the purpose of incorporating a republican society project that also has not maintained itself.
Determinação do potencial de seqüestro de carbono na recuperação de matas ciliares na região de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-15)
Martins, Osvaldo Stella
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
The loss of natural forest coverage reached 86% from total forested areas in São Paulo State until the year 2003. This scenario gets more critical when gallery forests are taken into acount. This particular kind of forests offers ecological services even more important than normal forests. Even inside law protected areas as well as permanently protected areas (CPA) riverside forests have been progressively devastated. Clearing of riverside forests, besides other problems, causes water resources depletion as the rivers lose this kind of natural protection. A critical factor on riverside forest recovery is related to the high costs on planting and maintaining reforested areas. This work presents an analysis developed to evaluate the potential carbon sequestration on recovering gallery forests, aiming to obtain CERs (Certified Emission Reductions) from a CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) project, as foreseen in the Kyoto Protocol. The proposal is divided in four main steps. In the first step the target area is defined and the total CPA area is marked. Then, which part of the CPA area is still forested and which part is not are determined. During the third step the local gallery forest main characteristics are analised. In the fourth step the information regarding development duration, population size of each tree species and individual diameter at breast heigth (DBH) are used to calculate the amount of carbon accumulated in the reforested area. Finally the proposal is applied for the micro-basin of Jacaré-Guaçu River, in São Carlos (21°30´S, 47°30´W) region, São Paulo State, Brazil. The results show an accumulation of 95tC/ha considering above ground and roots biomass and a cost for sequestred carbon of US$ 7/tCO2eq. Considering the actual CER´s market value, US$ 5/tCO2eq the carbon credits are not enough to meet the costs of reflorestation but represents a valuable contribution.
Efeito do fluoreto de sódio sobre a qualidade óssea das vértebras lombares de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-16)
Villar, Lidiângela Dias
;
Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduced bone mass, followed by microstructural changes in the bone tissue, which increase the susceptibility to bone fractures. This pathology is most commonly found in women after menopause, being responsible for severe social and economic consequences. The use of fluoride has demonstrated the possibility to increase bone mass, especially of the axial skeleton. However, its effects on the bone quality are still controversial. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of fluoride, as sodium fluoride (NaF), on bone tissue of ovariectomized rats (Ovx), which were used as an experimental model for osteoporosis, through the analysis of biomechanical, physical and biochemical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae. Wistar female rats of four-month age were divided in the following experimental groups: Baseline (sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment); Intact; Ovx; Ovx + 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm of NaF, delivered in drinking water. These groups were sacrificed after different periods of time (4, 6, and 8 months). Biometrical, biomechanical, physical and biochemical parameters of the vertebral body (L5) of the animals were measured, together with the fluoride content of the right tibia. Fluoride content present in the right tibia showed a good numerical correlation with the administered dosage for the three different periods of treatment. The ovariectomy promoted a higher body weight gain, and also, a decrease in the values of the biomechanical, physical and biochemical parameters of the vertebral body of the animals for all the periods analysed. Treatment using fluoride at high dosage levels (60, 80, and 100 ppm of NaF) resulted in an increase of bone mass, for the periods of 4 and 8 month of treatment. However, this increase did not induce a higher mechanical resistance of the bones, although at low dosages, 20 and 40 ppm, administered during a 6-month period, a protective effect on the bone tissue was observed, thus preventing a decrease in the biomechanical parameters induced by ovariectomy. As a conclusion, this study showed that low dosages of fluoride can act as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of human postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Jovens em movimento: o processo de formação da Pastoral da Juventude do Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-16)
Sofiati, Flávio Munhoz
;
Freston, Paul Charles
The object of this research is the formation process of the PJB, be it, its pedagogic method and its political options. The analysis is developed from a historical background in order to identify the changes occurred in the PJB method along the 1980 and 1990 decades. We can conclude that, during the 1980s, the PJB emphasized the political dimension in its formation activities and participated in several social movements, which were being organized around the proposal of Brazilian redemocratization. However, along the 1990s a reformulation of the method occurs and it passes to direct its formation to the personal and theological dimensions, having its practice turned to the inside of the Catholic Church. Internal factors, such as the back of Pentecostal movement to the catholic religious scenery, which has represented some drawbacks to the PJB articulation with the parish youth groups, as well as external factors, such as the arrival of the postmodern culture to the Brazilian society, which has brought the predominance for individualist practices, be it, without collective/communitarian basis, both contributed to these changes.