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As mulheres jornalistas no Estado de São Paulo: o processo de profissionalização e feminização da carreira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-08)
Rocha, Paula Melani
;
Bonelli, Maria da Glória
Estrutura e diversidade florística das diferentes fisionomias de Cerrado e suas correlações com o solo na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-09)
Toppa, Rogério Hartung
;
Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
Jataí Ecologycal Station, located at Luiz Antonio city, has a great habitat diversity spread from strict aquatic environments, like rivers, creeks and lakes, to wetlands and flood plains, till vegetation kinds free from flooding. The following steps were adopted to this work: 1) mapping and characterizing different phytophysiognomies found at Jataí Ecologycal Station, and determining each physiognomy area; 2) carrying out a floristic survey; 3) carrying out the phytossociological survey of Cerrado existing physiognomies at the area; 4) characterizing granullometrically and chemically the soil under each plot; 5) comprehending existing correlations among Cerrado soil and phytophisiognomies recorded. The following working hypothesis were tested: 1) There are different phytophysiognomical kinds of vegetations at Jataí Ecologycal Station, occupying distinct areas. Null hypothesis Jataí Ecologycal Station is physiognomically homogeneous. 2) Floristic composition and structure of different physiognomies at Jataí Ecologycal Station are correlated with granullometrical and chemical features of the soil. Null hypothesis There is no correlation between soil characteristics and phytophysiognomies. To evaluate these hypothesis, phytophysiognomies mapping, vegetation analysis, soil analysis and soil versus vegetation correlation analysis were carried out. Based on photointerpretatives analysis and on field survey, eight phytophysiognomies classes were determined ( cerradão , regenerating cerrado, semi-deciduous forest, flood plain vegetation, campo sujo , cerrado stricto sensu , Pinus and Eucalyptus reflorestation). Most of the Jataí Ecologycal Station (60,72% or 5471,8 ha) has cerradão as principal vegetation. To the phytosociologycal survey, 2631 individuals were sampled at cerradão , being 1229 in the lower layer (0,25ha; 4.916 ind./ha) and 1412 in the upper layer (1ha). A total of 118 species were identified in the cerradão two layers. In the cerrado stricto sensu , 642 individuals were recorded, being 190 in the lower layer (0,25ha; 760 ind./ha) and 452 in the upper layer (1ha). A number of 50 species were identified in the two cerrado stricto sensu phytofisiognomies layers. The diversity index (H ), considering the two studied vegetation types, was 3,44 (70,45% equitability). Indexes were 3,20 in the cerradão (67,08% equitability) and 2,99 in the cerrado stricto sensu (76,43% equitability). In the upper layer of the cerradão , the basal area was 18,37m2/ha, and cerrado stricto sensu was 4,20m2/ha. Statistical analysis showed that cerradão and stricto sensu cerrado phytophysiognomies are distinct according to chemical and granulometrical soil properties. Granulometrical features seemed to be important environmental variables to distinguish the two studied phytophysiognomies. Based on the obtained results, it is believed that soil has an indirect correlation on species density and on vegetal physiognomies occurency at studied area.
Estudos dos efeitos de metaloproteases/desintegrinas isoladas do veneno da serpente Bothrops alternatus sobre a adesão celular e a expressão gênica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-09)
Cominetti, Marcia Regina
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
This work presents the isolation and biological characterization of a novel metalloprotease/disintegrin, BaG, isolated from the Bothrops alternatus snake venom. BaG was purified in a two-step chromatographic model using Gelatin-Sepharose and DEAE-Sepharose resins. The molecular mass of purified protein was estimated by SDS-PAGE as approximately 130kDa under non-reducing conditions and 55kDa under reducing conditions. This result suggests a dimeric structure for BaG. BaG shows proteolytic activity on casein, which was inhibited by EDTA. This protein did not induce any hemorrhage when applied intradermally in mice at doses up to 10µg. 1,10-phenanthroline-treated BaG (BaG-I) inhibits ADPinduced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of approximately 180nM. BaG-I also inhibits fibronectina-mediated cell adhesion with an IC50 of 3.65µM. K562 cells bind to BaG-I probably though interaction with integrin α5β1, since anti-α5β1 antibodies inhibited K562 cell adhesion to BaG-I. BaG-I also induces the detachment of K562 cell previously bound to fibronectin and decreases the number of viable K562 cells after 24, 48 and 72h of incubation. In the second part of this work, gene expression analyses in human fibroblasts treated with alternagin-C (ALT-C) were carried out. ALTC is a disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich protein isolated from the venom of B. alternatus. This protein induces the expression of various cell signaling- and cell proliferation-related genes including VEGF, which was confirmed by ELISA analysis. This induction could explain some previous results showing that ALT-C stimulates cell proliferation in endothelial cells.
Composição, distribuição e organização espacial das lianas em uma floresta estacional semidecidual em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-14)
Hora, Regis Catarino da
;
Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
Many authors did increasingly study lianas in the last years. This group of plants is scarcely known from the point of view of biology, and mainly ecology and their interactions in forests. Great interest remains on aspects related to forest fragment management. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to continue the preliminary survey on occurrence of lianas in a semidecidual tropical forest fragment, in São Carlos-SP, Brazil, measuring occurrence, distribution and organization. At the forest border and inner sites ten 10 x 50 m plots were established, where liana with a diameter equal or greater then 1 cm, and trees with a diameter equal or greater then 5 cm, at 1,3 m from ground surface, were identified and measured. Hight and crown diameter of trees were measured, and the host and the host parts where liana did settle were identified. As hosts were considered trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH)equal or greater then 5 cm, trees smaller then 5 cm at DBH, and lianas used as stand. Settle points were: crown, liana and more then one settle point. Also the partaking of liana on forest litter composition were studied. For this survey, 23 collectors with 50 x 50 cm hanging 50 cm above ground surface were used. As result, 60 species with 2,150 lianas, and 476 trees were found. In general, number of liana at the border were greater than at the inner sites, being 901 on border crown and 733 on inner crown. Tree diameter and hight were significantly correlated with number of liana at the border (r = 0.81; P = 0.09), but not at the inner sites (r = -0.71; P = 0.17). Crown size was not significantly correlated with number of liana at the border and inner plots (respectively r = -0.30; P = 0.68 and r = -0.80; P = 0.13), but with no different between the sites. The aggregation index did show an aggregated distribution for trees at the border sites, and randomized at the inner plots. For lianas, this index points to an aggregated distribution, many times favored by previous liana settling the host. Evaluation of the structural descriptors like number of liana, number of trees, number of trees with liana, mean stem diameter, tree hight and crown size, using the main component analysis, did not find differences between border and inner plots. Although the correspondence analysis for liana related to the site, did point to some species more specific to border or to inner plot habitats. Litter measurements, each 15-days, yielded up to 12.220 kg ha-1 year-1. Leaves did contribute with 7,750 kg ha-1 year-1, 18.96% being liana leaves. Litter yield of liana leaves was related to the period of flowering and fruiting from their main species. Although there was no clear standard for leaf litter fall. Further studies are needed on the relation with tree species, to allow better management mainly of semidecidual forest fragments.
Estudo da formação e remoção de tortas de filtração de gases em filtros de tecidos de polipropileno e de algodão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-15)
Rodrigues, Antonio Carlos Marques
;
Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
The purpose of this work is to evaluate and to compare, in the processes of cake formation and remotion in the gases filtration with Bag Filters, the behavior of a filter made of natural fibers fabric with other made of synthetic fibers. The fabrics compared were a woven cotton with granite texture of 0.735 kg/m² and a non woven polypropylene of 0.600 kg/m². The experimental apparatus consisted of a circular filter with 0.023 m² in area, a powder feeder with controlled powder flow rate and humidity, linked with a microcomputer and a system to collect de data. The particle material was a phosphatic concentrated of density 2.79 x 10³ kg/m³ with mean particle diameter of 4.55 x 10-6 m. In the realization of this work, they were accomplished filtering procedures of the particle material in samples of the mentioned fabrics and cake remotion procedures with reverse air flow procedure, in order to determine the cake removing tension by the method proposed by Seville et al. (1989), also being evaluated other filtration and remotion aspects and data. In order to compare e evaluated the behavior of the fabrics in job conditions, they were also accomplished successive filtration and cleaning cycles in both fabrics until they become particle material saturated. During filtration four gas velocities were employed (4.5; 6.0; 7.5 and 9.0 cm/s), the flow rate was adjusted to 2.0 x 10-5 kg/s (11% of the feeder total velocity) and three maximum pressure drops across the filter were employed (300 mmH2O, 400 mmH2O and 500 mmH2O). In the cleaning steps six cleaning gas velocities were employed (1.6 cm/s; 3.0 cm/s; 9.0 cm/s; 12.0 cm/s; 15.0 cm/s and 18.0 cm/s). In the successive filtration and cleaning cycles they were employed gas filtration velocity of 6.0 cm/s, filtration final pressure drop of 400 mmH2O and gas cleaning velocity of 18.0 cm/s. The polypropylene fabric has taken more cycles to be saturated with the powder in the filtration and cleaning cycles and presented a greater cleaning degree in the cleaning processes, 77% in average, than the cotton that presented 39% of cake removal in average. The polypropylene fabric porosity was found to be greather than the cotton fabric ones. The cake-fabric adhesion force per unit of area has increased with the increase of the filtration gas velocity for both clothes, being remarkable that the polypropylene fabric has presented greather values than the cotton fabric, especially for the cakes formed with filtration gas velocities of 6.0 and 7.5 cm/s. It was also observed that the cake plaques, removed in the cleaning procedures, have increased in size with the increase of the cake removed portion and with the cake mass per unit of area for both studied fabrics.
Legislação e educação: o ideário reformista do ensino primário em Sergipe na Primeira República - 1889-1930.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-15)
Oliveira, Dilma Maria Andrade de
;
Bittar, Marisa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2452755458267316
The present work intends to discuss the genesis of the Republican teaching in the State of Sergipe (northeast of Brazil), from 1889 to 1930, also called First Republic or Old Republic. The Republic, initiated in 1889, comes together with the belief in the necessity of a remodeling of the economical, political and social order, and in the conviction that education would be the strongest tool for the consolidation of the republican regimen and for the construction of a modern country, capable of offering the people the conditions to be inserted in a representative democratic regimen. In the educational field, it can be pointed out the reforms directed to the public instruction by the State and the Union. The Republic would educate, instruct and form the refined men and free citizens. From the instruction development, men with a new mentality would be born to overcome the intellectual and cultural delay of the country. What was proposed and which possible historical direction of the school education in the First Republic in relation to the structure, to the organization and to the assistance of the primary teaching in the State of Sergipe? We have taken as presumption that the educational laws reveal, in a judging/ institutional and political level, the educational proposals of the ruling segments of the society, while part of a historical social process, in which for their legitimacy through the available tools, the maintenance and consolidation of a certain form of power. For the survey of the issues we have used, firstly , the usual techniques of the work with primary and secondary document resources highlighting the laws, decrees, rules and messages of the government and newspapers from 1889 to 1930, in the state of Sergipe. In the set of actions and procedures, the pedagogical as well as the we political ones, we have evidenced the absence of direction, of a clear design in leading a broad project, that had favored the entrance of the majority of the population to the school education. On the hand, the amount of legal acts directed to the public instruction in order to reform it, is showing that the education was thought and reaffirmed insistently with the purpose of incorporating a republican society project that also has not maintained itself.
Determinação do potencial de seqüestro de carbono na recuperação de matas ciliares na região de São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-15)
Martins, Osvaldo Stella
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
The loss of natural forest coverage reached 86% from total forested areas in São Paulo State until the year 2003. This scenario gets more critical when gallery forests are taken into acount. This particular kind of forests offers ecological services even more important than normal forests. Even inside law protected areas as well as permanently protected areas (CPA) riverside forests have been progressively devastated. Clearing of riverside forests, besides other problems, causes water resources depletion as the rivers lose this kind of natural protection. A critical factor on riverside forest recovery is related to the high costs on planting and maintaining reforested areas. This work presents an analysis developed to evaluate the potential carbon sequestration on recovering gallery forests, aiming to obtain CERs (Certified Emission Reductions) from a CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) project, as foreseen in the Kyoto Protocol. The proposal is divided in four main steps. In the first step the target area is defined and the total CPA area is marked. Then, which part of the CPA area is still forested and which part is not are determined. During the third step the local gallery forest main characteristics are analised. In the fourth step the information regarding development duration, population size of each tree species and individual diameter at breast heigth (DBH) are used to calculate the amount of carbon accumulated in the reforested area. Finally the proposal is applied for the micro-basin of Jacaré-Guaçu River, in São Carlos (21°30´S, 47°30´W) region, São Paulo State, Brazil. The results show an accumulation of 95tC/ha considering above ground and roots biomass and a cost for sequestred carbon of US$ 7/tCO2eq. Considering the actual CER´s market value, US$ 5/tCO2eq the carbon credits are not enough to meet the costs of reflorestation but represents a valuable contribution.
Efeito do fluoreto de sódio sobre a qualidade óssea das vértebras lombares de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-16)
Villar, Lidiângela Dias
;
Nonaka, Keico Okino
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
Osteoporosis is characterised by a reduced bone mass, followed by microstructural changes in the bone tissue, which increase the susceptibility to bone fractures. This pathology is most commonly found in women after menopause, being responsible for severe social and economic consequences. The use of fluoride has demonstrated the possibility to increase bone mass, especially of the axial skeleton. However, its effects on the bone quality are still controversial. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of fluoride, as sodium fluoride (NaF), on bone tissue of ovariectomized rats (Ovx), which were used as an experimental model for osteoporosis, through the analysis of biomechanical, physical and biochemical parameters of the lumbar vertebrae. Wistar female rats of four-month age were divided in the following experimental groups: Baseline (sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment); Intact; Ovx; Ovx + 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm of NaF, delivered in drinking water. These groups were sacrificed after different periods of time (4, 6, and 8 months). Biometrical, biomechanical, physical and biochemical parameters of the vertebral body (L5) of the animals were measured, together with the fluoride content of the right tibia. Fluoride content present in the right tibia showed a good numerical correlation with the administered dosage for the three different periods of treatment. The ovariectomy promoted a higher body weight gain, and also, a decrease in the values of the biomechanical, physical and biochemical parameters of the vertebral body of the animals for all the periods analysed. Treatment using fluoride at high dosage levels (60, 80, and 100 ppm of NaF) resulted in an increase of bone mass, for the periods of 4 and 8 month of treatment. However, this increase did not induce a higher mechanical resistance of the bones, although at low dosages, 20 and 40 ppm, administered during a 6-month period, a protective effect on the bone tissue was observed, thus preventing a decrease in the biomechanical parameters induced by ovariectomy. As a conclusion, this study showed that low dosages of fluoride can act as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention of human postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Jovens em movimento: o processo de formação da Pastoral da Juventude do Brasil.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-16)
Sofiati, Flávio Munhoz
;
Freston, Paul Charles
The object of this research is the formation process of the PJB, be it, its pedagogic method and its political options. The analysis is developed from a historical background in order to identify the changes occurred in the PJB method along the 1980 and 1990 decades. We can conclude that, during the 1980s, the PJB emphasized the political dimension in its formation activities and participated in several social movements, which were being organized around the proposal of Brazilian redemocratization. However, along the 1990s a reformulation of the method occurs and it passes to direct its formation to the personal and theological dimensions, having its practice turned to the inside of the Catholic Church. Internal factors, such as the back of Pentecostal movement to the catholic religious scenery, which has represented some drawbacks to the PJB articulation with the parish youth groups, as well as external factors, such as the arrival of the postmodern culture to the Brazilian society, which has brought the predominance for individualist practices, be it, without collective/communitarian basis, both contributed to these changes.
A geografia do espaço vivido: análise do uso social do solo urbano - estudo de caso na cidade de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-18)
Poli, Mariana Naxara
;
Röhm, Sergio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
Organização do trabalho escolar e atuação do administrador-escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-22)
Assunção, Maristela Lopes Vicente da
;
Marques, Waldemar
Validação da simulação dinâmica das etapas de evaporação e cristalização da produção de açúcar com dados obtidos em plantas industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-23)
Jesus, Charles Dayan Farias de
;
Almeida, Paulo Ignácio Fonseca de
The central area of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, where the city of São Carlos is located, is one of the largest world producers of alcohol and granulated sugar from sugar cane. As the market become more competitive, the factories seek for new technologies and more rigorous mathematical approaches. This work is inserted in this context, where partnership between university and industry is encouraged. The key steps in the sugar production process are the evaporation of the juice and the crystallization of sugar. The evaporation stage has great influence in the energy balance of the factories but, in spite of that, its automatic and optimized operation is not completely implemented in a large part of the producing units. By its turn, the crystallization step should be monitored very closely because is in this step that the final product is obtained, so quality issues are critical. In this work, the main aim was to develop non-linear dynamic models of these two important operations. The models used industrial data collected from Usina Santa Adélia (evaporation stage) and Usina São Martinho (crystallization stage). The processes of the two factories were accompanied, analyzed and sampled. A steady-state and a dynamic models of the evaporation were developed using the classical approach material and energy balances. Both models were designed in such way that they depend only on few assumptions and on measurements available on-line. The results obtained with the steady-state model fully characterized all streams of the multiple-effect evaporator and allowed to estimate the steam flow rate bled from the equipment. With the dynamic model it was possible to calculate the concentration of the syrup in the last effect. Comparison between the predicted values and the actual industrial data showed that the model generated estimates in the same range of values and reproduced the behavior of the variable. The analysis of the results suggested that more measurements would be necessary to develop a reliable model (in the process control sense) and demonstrated that it is difficult to use the industrial data in the format they are found in the historical data files. To overcome these inconveniences an artificial neural network was developed as a software sensor for the Brix in the last effect. Several topologies were tested and the results of the best ones were very good. Unfortunately, as the performance of the predictions depends on the quality of the training set, it was necessary a real effort to preprocess all available data. The proposed model for the crystallizer (batch vacuum pan) select in the crystallization stage was constituted by a system of nonlinear algebraic and differential equations. Besides the energy and material balances, the model included the population balance, which allowed the calculation of the average crystal size and its coefficient of variation during the strike. Even with severe assumptions and few input data, the model was able to make good predictions of the rajectories of the state variables of the equipment. The analysis of the results also showed that some aspects of the automatic operation affect the stability of the process. Finally, it could be said that the first principles and the neural network approaches could become powerful, useful and reliable tools to model the stages of sugar production if more sensors were installed in the process.
Estudo e aplicações das técnicas de RMN HR-MAS e DOSY em plantas e extratos de plantas da ordem Rutales
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-23)
Vizzotto, Lucinéia
;
Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452
This work describes the implementation of two recent techniques in NMR - DOSY e HR-MAS as a tool for the analysis of natural products mixture and in leaves of Citrus, respectively. The work begun with the technique DOSY, in which a known mixture of two natural products was employed to implement the technique and optimise the experiments of DOSY, DOSY-COSY and DOSY-HSQC. After that, the DOSY experiments was employed in a group of natural products mixtures, in which the technique applicability was assessed. The second part of the work was carried out by the implementation of HR-MAS technique with the experimental conditions optimisation and the technique evaluation in the study of Citrus leaves. The evaluation of the technique was carried out by the distinction among six Citrus sinensis varieties, as the indicator for the defence substances present in leaves of Citrus sinensis grafted in Citrus limonea and the detection and identification of the defence substances in leaves of Citrus spp under the plague attack.
Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de metodologia para detecção de desintegrina recombinante produzida em cultivos de células CHO-K1
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-25)
Silva, Gracinda Marina Castelo da
;
Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
Disintegrins are proteins present in the poison of serpents that have been calling the pharmaceutical industry attention due to their capacity to prevent the progression of cancerous cells. A receiving key-protein called integrin addresses the formation of new blood vessels instructing the tumor cells to increase and spread. The disintegrin acts as an inhibitor that blocks this interaction. In order to produce substantial amounts of disintegrin in industrial scale, its expression in CHO-K1 cells was carried out by cloning the characteristic DNA extracted from the poison producing glands of the serpent Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus. Usually CHO-K1 cells are cultivated in medium containing bovine fetal serum. However, its presence in the cultivation medium hinders the stages of detection, extraction and purification of the protein of interest. The objective of this work was to study the CHOZMD cell growth and the desintegrin production in serum free medium, as well as to develope a methodology for the detection and quantification of the disintegrin present in the medium. The cultivations were carried in culture bottles of 25cm2, 75cm2 and 150cm2 and later in spinner flask with a volume of 500mL, incubated with an amount of CO2 controlled in 10% v/v, pH between 7.0 to 7.4, a temperature of 37 °C, under agitation conditions. The cells were cultivated in the presence of the microcarrrier Pronectin F which enables the attainment of high cell concentration. The culture media DMEM and CHO-S-SFM II were used in the cultivations by means of a gradual adaptation process for a serum free medium, through the reduction of DMEM+serum proportion at each change, until that it was totally replaced by the serum free medium. The cells were maintained in 100% serum free medium during 6h with the withdrawal of 250 ml after 3 h and of the remaining volume after 6h of cultivation. For the detection of the disintegrin, the samples were initially filtered in Milipore filter, then concentrated in ultra filter Amicon and finally centrifuged in membranes Centriprep and Centricon. The disintegrin, protein of ~70kDa, present in the treated samples was detected using Bio Dot equipment with nitrocelulose membrane incubated with specific antibodies. The samples were applied in ion exchange column and the fractions obtained applied in nitrocelulose membrane. In the cultivations carried out in serum free medium with the microcarrier Pronectin F a maximum cell concentration of 1.74.106 cel.ml-1 was reached, which is slightly inferior to the value reached in the cultivations in medium containing serum (2.7.106 cel.mL-1). However, concerning product formation, the immunodetecion results revealed the presence of the disintegrin in the cultivations carried out with serum free medium. Cultivations carried out in spinner flask, with a volume of 200mL and using microcarrier Citodex 1 and medium supplemented with 1% hemolymph (v/v) presented maximum cell concentration of 2.6.106 cel.mL-1. The detection method developed was effective in the identification of the target protein in the samples from the cultivation medium containing hemolymph. Preliminary tests demonstrated loss of protein might be related to gradual degradation in cultivation medium or retention in ion exchange column.
Incorporação da gestão dos custos do ciclo de vida ao processo de desenvolvimento do produto da EMBRAER.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-25)
Freixo, Osvaldo Magno
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
The Product Development Process (PDP) is one of the fundamental business processes of an organization and therefore should be conducted harmonically with the other company processes, as well as with the established strategies for competitiveness and profitability. One of these strategies is to offer the market products at reduced costs, which is a result of development, manufacturing, operation, maintenance and even discarding products once they have reached the end of their life cycle. These costs, called Life Cycle Costs (LCC), are closely related to Product Development, since the decisions taken during its process define costs in each phase of the product s life cycle. A Product Development Model should include a definition of the activities, information and responsibilities regarding the impact that each engineering decision has on the product s Life Cycle Costs. This definition leads to a LCC Management Model, considered, then, a sub-model of PDP. The objectives of this research were as follows: (a) to incorporate LCC management activities into the PDP of a company, with the participation of people that work with Product Development; (b) based on the literature and the case study developed, to prepare guidelines with recommendations for companies interested in implementing a similar project. The Action-research method was used in the study, and the LCC Management Model was developed at EMBRAER Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S/A (a Brazilian aeronautics company). The main conclusions of our research indicate that the involvement of the people that participate in the PDP is crucial when preparing the LCC management models. However, these people should be adequately prepared to take part in a project of this nature, enabling real management and the implementation of a company culture concerning LCC. The results have also shown that the Action-research method is effective in identifying the opportunities of improvement of the Product Development Process and in proposing Life Cycle Costs management practices.
Síntese e caracterização a nível nanométrico da fase Li2(M) Ti308, M=Zn, Co e Ni pelo método Pechini.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-25)
Câmara, Maria Suely Costa da
;
Longo, Elson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
The present work describes the preparation and characterization of the spinel phases Li2ZnTi3O8, Li2CoTi3O8 and Li2NiTi3O8 synthesized by the polymeric precursor method. Polycrystalline ceramic powders of high quality were synthesized for the Li2ZnTi3O8 and Li2CoTi3O8 phases. The desired spinel phase of the Li2NiTi3O8 compound was not obtained, however the synthesis product consisted of other crystalline phases. The chromatic and luminescent properties of the powders were investigated. The powers were calcined in temperatures between 400oC-1000oC/4h, after the obtention of the puff , in a heat treatment at 400oC/1h. The evolution of the crystalline phases with calcination temperature was investigated by means of X-ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy, where it was verified that the Li2ZnTi3O8 and Li2CoTi3O8 crystalline phases could be obtained at low temperature (500oC). The Rietveld refinement method was used to observe in greater detail the crystalline structures of the spinels, and to study the occupations of the octahedric and tetrahedric lattice sites. The particle characteristics were studied by crystallite size and specific superficial area measurements, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the synthesized powders present dimensions in the nanometer scale. The pigment of the Li2CoTi3O8 phase presented a green color for calcination temperatures of 400oC (amorphous) and 500oC (phase with structural defects). In temperatures above 600oC, the pigment presented a green-blue color with stability up to 1250oC. The observed pigment color transition from green to blue is due to the cobalt occupation in tetrahedric and octahedric sites. The Li2NiTi3O8 phase resulted in yellow pigments of excellent stability. The non-crystalline Li2ZnTi3O8 phase presented photoluminescent properties. The crystallization of this material provoked the quenching of the photoluminescent emission. A quantummechanical computer simulation confirms that the non-crystallinity of this material induces the formation of electronic levels, reducing the effective band gap energy when compared to the crystalline phase. This might explain the behavior of the photoluminescence in this spinel phase.
Gestão do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de empresas de pequeno porte de base tecnológica de São Carlos: estudo de casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-28)
Scoralick, Marcela Caldas Leitão
;
Alliprandini, Dário Henrique
This work aims to characterize the product development process (PDP) in three technology based companies established in the city of Sao Carlos, Brazil. It also identifies and analyses management practices used in this process, as well as main problems and trends related to PDP management. In the technology based context, same as others, PDP is a very important process for competitive improvement, mainly when aspects as globalization, product diversification, product life cycle reduction and the need to adapt to innovation. The dissertation includes a literature review about PDP, a discussion on technology based companies and its innovation process, and a report of a field research conduct in three technology based companies in the city of Sao Carlos. The results are presented by a characterization of each case studied, and also by a comparison between cases.
Associação de polimorfismo do gene PIT1 com características de produção de carne em bovinos da raça Canchim
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-29)
Carrijo, Sônia Mara
;
Regitano, Luciana Correia de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9595338480545794
The PIT1 gene codes for the pituitary transcription factor Pit-1, which is critical for the activation of the expression of prolactin and growth hormone genes, in addition to participating in the activation of PIT1 itself. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of HinfI polymorphism of this gene on meat production traits. The sample consisted of 509 Canchim animals born between 1998 and 2000. The sample included a traditional line (GG1) consisting of 5/8 Charolais genome breed and 3/8 of the Zebu breeds, Nelore, Guzerá and Indubrasil, and a new line (GG2) with 21/32 Charolais genome and 11/32 of the Nelore breed. The genotypes for the PIT1 gene were identified by PCR-RFLP. Genotype effect on phenotypic values for birth weight (BW), standardized weaning weight (W240) and at 12 month of age weight (W365), and on average daily weight gain to the born at weaning (GMND) and to the weaning at 12 month of age (GMD12), were analyzed by the least squares method. The results revealed significant effects of the interaction between genetic animal group and PIT1 genotype on W240, GMND and GMD12 (P < 0.05). The differences in mean least squares between genotype ( / ) and genotypes (+/+) and (+/ ) for W240 and GMND were significant in GG2 (P < 0,01 and p < 0,05, respectively), revealing superiority of the ( / ) genotype on that characters. The means for genotypes (+/+) and (+/ ), respectively at the W240 and GMND, did not differ from one another, suggesting a dominance effect of the HinfI (+) allele. The means effects of the HinfI ( ) allele indicated a positive effect of this allele on W240 and GMND, and the deviation estimates attributed to dominance showed a favorable effect of the HinfI ( ) allele on W240 and GMND of GG2 animals, when present in homozygosis in the genotypes of the individuals. The means of the genotypes in GG1 did not differ from one another. The difference in PIT1 behavior observed in the two genetic groups, however, may suggest the action of a quantitative trait locus linked to PIT1 segregating only in GG2 of the population studied, and not a direct effect of PIT1.
Determinantes da tomada de decisão sobre as atividades produtivas rurais: proposta de um modelo para a produção familiar.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-29)
Vilckas, Mariângela
;
Nantes, José Flávio Diniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1900976112613026
The family small farms represent a very important segment in the national economy since it plays an important role in food production, incoming generation and distribution and land occupation. However, this segment is characterized by an inadequate management, which commits its competitiveness. The main aim of this reasearch is to propose a practical and accessible production planning model for vegetables raising family farms, which can help them to consider internal and external factors when deciding what to produce. The methodology had four main stages: (i) interviews with families that raise vegetables from São Carlos, São Paulo, in order to identify the production systems and the planning of the production activities; (ii) working out a planning model; (iii) interviews with rural management and vegetable production specialists, to confirm factors used in the model, the weights given to each factor and the notes for the possibilities of the producer reality; (iv) correction and final mode s working out. When interviewing the producers, it was observed that they don t have many years of formal education, most of the families are led by 30 39 years old men, there is a wide participation of women in the labor and few producers have employees. Within 33 interviewed producers, 11 have decided to get specialized, producing from 1 to 5 vegetables options, specially the green ones. The producers do not have a structured methodology to make decisions, and they do not consider all the factors that may influence the decision of what they should produce. Concerning to the planning model, the considered factors in the decision were grouped in internal (natural, human, financial and technological resources) and external (demand, offer and support services), but the use of weights were adopted only with the internal factors. The interviewed specialists emphasized the importance of making the correct decision about choosing the product variety to be raised and also about getting organized through associations and cooperatives. This study is an initial reasearch , which may be used as a subsidy for other rural planning studies. Although the decision model proposed has been developed to be used by producers, it may be also useful for rural projects, cooperatives, associations and financial agents, since it proposes a methodology to analyze the products options.
Análise de herança da resistência à ferrugem da cana-de-açúcar P. melanocephala H. & P. Syd
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-06-30)
Moura, Guilherme Lacava de
;
Giglioti, Éder Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4151969603820945
Sugarcane rust (Puccinia melanocephala) is a major disease distributed throught the world, causing yield losses of 50% in conducive environments. Resistance is an essential trait to control rust in commercial cultivars requiring routine tests along the selection time in breeding programs. In order to better understand the complexity and to determine the inheritance of rust resistance in brazilian sugarcane cultivars, this work analyzed eight F1 segregating populations involving 10 genotypes as parents. The resistance was polygenic where the segregation of several minor genes in each progeny was responsible for their classification in the different resistance levels from 2 to 9. Besides polygenetic resistance, the presence of major genes segregating 1:1 and 3:1 deviated the individuals to the grade 1, corresponding to complete resistance. It was observed transgressive segregation, generating resistance genotypes from susceptible-susceptible crosses. Therefore, to achieve resistant cultivars it not necessary to chose resistant parent if effective tests are used to screen susceptible genotypes during selection. It was also observed maternal effects in segregation, deviating individuals to rust resistance.