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Preparação e caracterização de compósitos de polianilina (DMcT Cu(II)) / fibra de carbono como catodos em baterias secundárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-17)
Canobre, Sheila Cristina
;
Biaggio, Sonia Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
The composites were obtained by cyclic voltammetry and the incorporation of Cu(II) to the Pani(DMcT) / C fiber composite was carried out by two methods: A) Cu(II) added to the polymerization electrolyte along with the aniline, and B) Cu(II) and DMcT adsorbed onto the carbon fiber for 12 h, in a step previous to the electropolymerization. The comparison of complex-plane diagrams obtained at 0.2 V for the composites prepared by method B and for the pure poli(DMcT) film showed that the values of the charge transfer resistance are significantly smaller for the composites; on the other hand, at 0.2 V the composites presented greater pseudocapacitance values than the pure poli(DMcT) film due to their porous and homogeneous morphology. The experimental discharge capacity for this composite in 1 M LiClO4 in propylene carbonate was 110 mA h g-1, with a coulombic efficiency of 100%, and 165 mA h g-1 in a jellified polymeric electrolyte (κ = 1,8.10-3 S cm-1), with a coulombic efficiency of 100% after 20 charge/discharge cycles, indicating that both materials (Pani and poli(DMcT)) remained active during the charge and discharge processes. The good stability and reversibility characteristics of the redox reactions of this composite are due to the presence of Cu(II) and the sulfur of the thiol group, which were detected by XPS. The discharge capacities of the bilayer Ppy- PSS- / Pani / C fiber and Pani / Ppy-PSS- / C fiber electrodes, obtained after 20 cycles in the charge and discharge tests, were approximately 225 mA h g-1, with a coulombic efficiency of 100%, and 60 mA h g-1, with a coulombic efficiency of 29%, respectively. Once the cathode (obtained by method B) and anode (Ppy-PSS- / Pani / C fiber) materials were chosen, along with the polymeric electrolyte analyzed, the main objective of this thesis project became feasible: realization of charge and discharge tests of a battery made only of polymeric materials (cathode, anode and electrolyte). The cell potential of this battery was only 0.68 V, which lead to the low value of the energy density of 148 W h g-1. However, the battery presented a high initial value of the discharge capacity, 129 mA h g-1, after 3 cycles, with a coulombic efficiency of about 100%.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos analíticos limpos para a determinação de cloreto e demanda química de oxigênio em águas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-17)
Silva, Claudineia Rodrigues da
;
Fatibello Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9859737944357808
The work here described deals with the development of clean analytical methods for determination of chloride and chemical oxygen demand in water samples. A flow injection spectrophotometric method was developed for determining chloride in water samples based on a solid phase reactor (SPR) containing Hg(SCN)2. The solid reagent was immobilized in epoxy resin. The solid phase reactor was regenerated using an intermittent flow of a solution containing 0.12% m v-1 Hg(SCN)2 and this strategy was needed for baseline stabilization. The analyte chloride displaces thiocyanate from the SPR and this latter reacts with Fe(III) forming a red complex measured at 480 nm. The lifetime of the reactor was estimated in 1000 injections, and both the reagent consumption and the waste generation were appreciably reduced. The obtained results were in agreement with a standard method at a 95% confidence level. The relative standard deviation was 2.25% for 10 successive injections of a 8.0 mg L-1 Cl- solution, and the analytical frequency was 100 determinations h-1. Two metallic electrodes, copper and nickel, were built for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The copper electrode was used in voltammetric measurements in the 0.25 to 0.70 V potential range (vs. Ag/AgCl). The analytical curves were obtained using reference solutions containing from 477 to 2800 mg L-1 glucose.The detection limit was estimated in 152 mg L-1 and the relative standard deviation was < 0.5% (n = 4) for a sample containing 2800 mg L-1 glucose. Voltammetric measurements for COD determination using the Ni electrode were made in the potential range of 0.25 to 0.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The analytical curve was obtained using solutions containing from 48 to 469 mg L-1 of COD. The detection limit was estimated in 7.7 mg L-1 and the relative standard deviation was <2.0% (n = 3) for a sample containing 469 mg L-1 glucose. The voltammetric methods employing Cu/CuO e Ni/NiO electrodes were applied for COD determination in residual waters of food industry and the obtained results were compared with those obtained using a standard method. The conventional methods are usually based on toxic reagents and the time of analysis is around 4 h. The residual solution is either stored or its discard is expensive. The main advantage of the proposed voltammetric methods is that no toxic reagent is used and the time of analysis is shorter, i.e. around 30 min.
Práticas pedagógicas inclusivas para alunos surdos numa perspectiva colaborativa.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-17)
Zanata, Eliana Marques
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
The practice of inclusion in the school involves the education of children with special educational needs in regular classrooms with colleagues without special needs. However, regular education teachers are inclined to change practices as to arrangements, instructional procedures, activities, assessments and adequacy of the contents, so as the participation and learning of these students may be impaired. Even though the literature of inclusion presents many effective pedagogical strategies, they do not seem to reach the classrooms of deaf students. The present study is based on the problem of achieving better teachers qualification, attempting to enhance the pedagogical practices of regular education teachers as regards the needs of deaf students. The study comprised establishment and evaluation of a continued education program for regular education teachers so as to make it more autonomous and provide more effective adequate pedagogical practices to the needs of students. The study was conducted for 20 weeks and involved the researcher acting as a collaborator and three different teachers who had deaf students in their classrooms. The fist part involved a preliminary planning for analysis of the learning style of deaf students, and the aims and strategies that would be used with these students along the year. This was followed by collaborative intervention, on which the researcher videotaped a random class of each teacher. This tape was edited and presented in a meeting for the three teachers, for analysis and re-planning if required. Each class was re-planned and enhanced until all teachers agreed that the goal had been achieved. The collected data involved initial educational planning protocol and the protocol of each class with complete recording of the processes since the initial planning until evaluation of the last successful implementation. The teaching processes of 64 classes were videotaped, with a mean of 16 to 26 classes per teacher. The meetings also comprised discussion about texts on inclusive pedagogical practices. After intervention, the teachers opinions on the collaborative planning activity were gathered. The results showed many possibilities to establish a collaborative environment between regular education and special education teachers. The planned strategies were implemented in classrooms, and intervention provided an opportunity of training for the teachers. The teachers evaluated that the strategies implemented benefited not only the deaf students, but also the others. The collaboration potential between regular education and special education teachers is discussed as a strategy for formation and facilitation of inclusion of students with special educational needs. The results further demonstrated that, even though collaborative intervention has enhanced the quality of teaching, it does not seem to be enough to solve the communication problems between teacher and deaf student.
Papel dos receptores andrenérgicos da preóptica medial (APM) no controle da salivação induzida pela ativação colinérgica em ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-17)
Almeida, Roberto Lopes de
;
Renzi, Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6551236936295697
The present work had as objective to investigate the participation of the mechanisms adrenergics of the medial preoptic area (APM) in the salivary secretion induced for the peripheral colinergic stimulation (pilocarpine injection). Holtzman rats had been used (280-320 g). A part of the animals suffered electrolytic lesion in the APM through the ticket from electric chain (1mA x 3x10s), to serve as control, and another part of the animals was submitted to the same procedures of cerebral surgery, except that it was not displayed to the electric chain ticket (SHAM). Animals that suffered the surgery from implant of cannulas guides in the APM for the injection of adrenergics agonists and antagonists were also used. The saliva was collected using previously weighted and inserted balls of cotton in the mouth of the animal that was under anesthesia with quetamina (1mg/mL/kg). Salivation was induced for intraperitoneal injection (IP) of pilocarpine (1mg/mL/kg). The APM lesion in such a way reduced peripheral the pilocarpine-induced salivation group that suffered APM lesion 24 hours before the experiment (APM lesion 340,7 ± 41,1 mg/7min, versus SHAM 428,4 ± 31,6 mg/7min) as much as in the group that suffered APM lesion 5 days before the experiment (APM lesion 310,2 ± 35,4 mg/7min, versus SHAM 494,9 ± 35,5 mg/7min). Reduction in the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation was not verified in those animals that had suffered APM lesion 15 days before the experiment (APM lesion 461,6 ± 81,4 mg/7min, versus SHAM 575,7 ± 34,9 mg/7min). The injection of noradrenaline (80 nmol/0,5µL) in the APM did not reduce the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation (NOR + Pilo 356,0 ± 36,0 mg/7min versus Saline + Pilo 475,0 ± 73,0 mg/7min). This same drug in the dose of 160 nmol/0,5 µL reduced the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation (NOR + Pilo 251,0 ± 50,0 mg/7min versus Saline + Pilo 468,0 ± 59,0 mg/7min). The inhibitory effect of the injection in the APM of noradrenaline (160 nmol/0,5µL) in the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation was not reduced by the previous injection of the antagonist of adrenoceptors α2, RX-821002 in the dose of 80 nmol/0,5µL (RX + NOR + Pilo 244,1 ± 29,2 mg/7 min, versus Saline + NOR + Pilo 202,3 ± 34,8 mg/7 min). On the other hand, this same drug injected in the dose of 160 nmol/0,5µL, partially reverted the inhibitory effect of the injection in the APM of noradrenalina (160 nmol/0,5µL) in the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation (RX + NOR + Pilo 329,9 ± 77,8 mg/7min, versus Saline + NOR + Pilo 148,2 ± 30,3 mg/7min). The RX- 821002 injected in the APM in the dose of 320 nmol/0,5µL, failed in showing the reversion of the inhibitory effect of the injection in the APM of noradrenaline (160nmol/0,5µL) in the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation (RX + NOR + 261,3 ± 18,9 mg/7min, versus Saline + NOR + Pilo 320,4 ± 30,2 mg/7min). The antagonist of adrenergics receptors α1, Prazosin, did not reveal efficient, therefore the inhibitory effect of the injection in the APM of noradrenaline (160 nmol/0,5µL) in the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation was not reduced by the previous injection of the adrenergic antagonist α1, Prazosin, in the dose of 160 nmol/0,5µL (Prazosin + NOR + Pilo 223,6 ± 35,8 mg/7min, versus Saline + NOR + Pilo 256,0 ± 58,5 mg/7min). The results show that the noradrenaline injected in the APM reduces the peripheral pilocarpine-induced salivation and this effect is reduced by the previous blockade of the receiving adrenergics α2 of the same area, suggesting to the existence of an adrenergic α2 inhibitory mechanism of the salivation in the APM.
Análise comparativa dos resultados de diferentes métodos de cálculo da tarifa do transporte público urbano por ônibus: um estudo de caso para a cidade de Gioânia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-17)
Moura, Alexandre Vieira
;
Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
The demand for transit in the Brazilian s cities has declined considerably in the last years, not only due to the low level of service but also due to high fares, that makes the ability of the low income users to afford their trips very difficult. The high fares can be attributed to the rise of some items (fuel, tributes, administrative expenses) and the lack of structure (human, material, tolls) to manage the fares. The methodology currently used to estimate the fare values in the most Brazilian cities is obsolete, demanding new calculation methods, that incorporates the new operation techniques and news legislations, which have impact on the final price of bus-ticket. Considering this new management scenario, this dissertation intends to compare the performance of 4 different methodologies to calculate transit fares (GEIPOT, GOIÂNIA, AGR e DETESC) and to confront the results with the actual values adopted by the city transit managers. This study of case it will have as base the used values of fuel, lubricant, wages and etc for the calculation of the tariff of Goiânia.
Efeito da calcinação da magnésia precipitada sobre o processamento de cimentos de fosfato de magnésio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-20)
Paula, Gustavo Rocha de
;
Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
It is great the interest for materials synthesized at room temperature because they represent an alternative for the current problems of energy. The class of magnesia phosphate cements belongs to this group, being mouldable ceramics that combine low density and good mechanical strength in a short period of time. The main disadvantage of these materials resides in their cost, even high if compared to Portland cement. The calcination stage of the magnesium oxide (MgO), necessary due to the high reactivity of that oxide with phosphates, is especially costly, besides the need of the addition of retardants to increase the setting time of these cements. The present work aimed to study forms of increasing the setting time of these cements and to evaluate alternatives to decrease the calcination temperature of MgO powders. Techniques such as X ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, Hg porosimetry, He picnometry, and analyses of particle size distribution, specific surface area, apparent density and compression strength were used for the characterization of the calcined MgO powders and the cements. In a scientific-technological point of view, the main contribution of this work was the use of both liquid phase former additives and the microwave radiation for the calcination of MgO. In these conditions powders with appropriate particle size distributions and low specific surface areas were produced, which led to cements with longer reaction time and high mechanical strength. The microwave assisted calcination of MgO powders at 900 oC, with microwave absorbing raw materials, resulted in cements with superior properties when compared to those ones produced with powders calcined in conventional furnaces at 1100 oC. Another advantage was a heating rate five times faster and the temperature dwell four times shorter than those ones used in conventional firing. Such facts demonstrate the promising use of additives and the microwave firing to decrease the temperature of calcination of MgO and optimize the properties of magnesia phosphate cements.
Avaliação das possibilidades do ensino colaborativo no processo de inclusão escolar do aluno com deficiência mental.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-20)
Capellini, Vera Lúcia Messias Fialho
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
Every day the school faces the challenge of teaching with quality all the students but without having a lot of success in working with the diversity because of the verified absence of a serious and effective politics of inclusive education in most of the school systems. In the students with special education needs case, the access to a common class in regular schools has being minimum and there are several no solved questions on how the philosophical beginning of school inclusion could happen in practice, not only promoting the socialization but also those students' school income. An alternative thoroughly emphasized has been the need of teachers' qualification who have already been working with those students in their groups. And the scientific literature of more experienced countries in practices of school inclusion has being choosed the collaborative work in the school context as a strategy in ascension, that has shown effectiveness to solve several problems related to the process of teaching and learning and to promote the educators' personal and professional development. The objective of this study consisted in verifying the implications of one way of collaborative work in the school that would be denominated "collaborative teaching" which involves the establishment of a partnership basically among teachers of regular and special teaching. The study was driven at two common schools of elementary teaching, and more directly in four groups from 1st to 4th grades where six students with mental deficiency were inserted. Before and after the intervention, academic and social acting measures of all the students of the four groups were collected. The intervention based in the collaborative teaching involved the establishment of a partnership with the teacher of the special teaching systematic support inside the common class together with the teacher of the regular teaching, in some days of the week and activities planned extra-class, reflection on the practice, meetings with relatives, meetings with the school group and driven studies. The intervention in each group lasted from one semester to one year, and the study had total duration of two years, evolving the attendance in the four groups. After the intervention stage measures of social validity based on the teachers' and families´ opinions on the teaching collaborative were collected. The intervention based on collaborative teach involved a partnership determined by the sistematic support of the special education teacher inside the usual classroom, with the regular education teacher, in some days of the week, besides the extra-class activities with planning, reflexion about the practice, meetings with the student´s families, meetings with the coletive of school and conducted study. The intervention in each group, last since six months to one year, and all the study lasted two years including the four groups attendance. After the intervention stage, social information were colected based on teacher´s and families´s statement about collaborative teaching. The results indicate that all the six students had evoluted in the acting even academic or in socialization, although considerable discrepancy is observed in comparison with the average yield of the group. For all of the teachers the teaching collaborative made possible personal and professional development but some difficulties appeared mainly in the united activities in the classroom atmosphere. The relatives considered that their children had improvements and they felt safer for the fact of having two teachers in the room. The study also indicated that the collaborative teaching was evaluated as an effective strategy of the teachers' personal and professional development involved in practices that seek the school inclusion. As implications of the study, we discuss about the need of changes in the culture of initial and continuous formation of common and special education teachers to prepare them to really act in collaboration. It is still discussed the new role of the special education teacher to act priory as support centered in the common class and not just in services that involve the students' retreat with special education needs of the group or exclusively in segregated services.
Análise epistemológica das dissertações e teses defendidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Especial da UFSCar: 1981-2002.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-20)
Silva, Régis Henrique dos Reis
;
Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
This study has as an object of analysis the dissertations and thesis developed in the Post Graduation Program in Special Education of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (PPGEEs/UFSCar), from 1981 to 2002. Its general aim is to analyse, from the methodological approaches, the epistemological implications of the dissertations and thesis produced, considering their inter-relations with the social-political and economical factors. In this perspective, we tried to explicit how these factors stablish contact with the dissertations and thesis presented in PPGEEs/UFSCar. This theoretical-methodological procedure implied in the search of dynamic articulation of internal analyses (logical- gnoseological and methodological) and external (historical-social), of the investigated production. In the 27 analysed documents, 88,9% of them adopted the empirical-analytical approach, which were predominant in all the four phases of curricular organization of the Program. The phenomenological-hermeneutical researches represented 11,1% of the sample. Meanwhile, the critical-dialectical approach was not adopted in any of the analysed studies. We noted that, in spite of some variations, commom epistemological assumptions are presented in the criteria of cientificity which are the basis of the researches, in the manners they relate subject and object in the cognitive process of knowledge, and in the conceptions of casuality, science, human being, history, reality, education/special education and deficiency, according to the methodological approach which guide them. We verify that in the empirical-analytical researches, the dominant understanding of science is related to the principles of quantification and mathematization of the phenomena. Based in the statistical parameters, in the search for objectivity of the knowledge, in the distance from the researcher to the object of study, among other characteristics that point to a view of science centred to the positivist vertent. In the other hand, for the phenomenological-hermeneutical researches, the science consists in the comprehension of phenomena, from the collected data in many manifestations, in the elucidation of unclear mechanisms, of implications, of contexts in which these phenomena are based. The researches of this group do not trust in the immediate percpetion of object that only promote the appearence. However, from that perception and through the interpretation, the essence of the phenomena is discovered. The phenomenological-hermeneutical researches have as their main criteria of scientific validation, the interpretative reflection of the researcher supported by the intersubjective consensus (philosophical principles of phenomology-hermeneutic). Considering the articulations between the logical and the historical, we verifiy the predominance of empirical-analytical approach in the analysed documents and it is related to social-political and economical factors, specially, to the Post graduation implanted in the country, as well, with the internal characteristics of PPGEEs/UFSCar, mainly, by the epistemological matrix predominant in the Departament of Psychology, responsible for the orientation of activities which are developed by the Program. From the concrete possibilities of changes in the structure and in the internal relations of the PPGEEs/UFSCar, as well as the relevance and the social commitment that it performs in relation to the qualitative progress of the produced knowledge in the Brazilian Special Education, it suggested that the ways for the formation of researcher about the theoretical, philosophical and epistemological of scientific research would be amplied and diversified. That has the objective of supplying elements so that the knowledge produced in the Special Education, may be understood in a wider way, and mainly, contribute for the superation of numerous problems existents in the reality of people with special educational needs.
Análise biliométrica da produção científica docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Especial da UFSCar: 1998-2003.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-20)
Silva, Márcia Regina da
;
Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
This study it has as main to carry through a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of the professors of the PPGEEs/UFSCar. This research, that can be fit in the area of studies on the scientific production, consists in a contribution of the area of Information Science for the area of Special Education, which is not only considers to analyze the scientific production, as also in rescuing the performance of this Program of Master Degree as institution that it is dedicated to education and research in the area of Special Education. The universe of the research was composed by 22 professors whose had been involved in the Program from 1998 until 2003. Available the Lattes Resume in the Lattes Platform of CNPQ, was utilized as source of research for recovery of the scientific production associate to each professor. The information contained in the Bibliographical Production of the Lattes Platform had been raised. To leave of this publication survey, it was opted to analyzing articles published in journals, a time that this type of publication more contains brought up to date information on the different research. The obtained results had been analyzed utilizing tools automatized for treatment and bibliometric analysis and had indicated the following aspects with relation to the scientific article publication of the researchers: The published scientific articles represent 7,6% of the total of scientific production in the studied period; between 1998 and 2003 it had a growth of 9,1% of scientific article publications; publication partnership of the professors of the PPGEEs with the other integrant ones of the Program, with professors of the same Line of Research, with professors of different Lines of Research and with external authors to the PPGEEs exists; the majority of publications is carried through in partnership between 2 or more authors; thematic the most boarded one in published articles was "Social Ability"; in journals the Southeastern region the biggest number of in which articles meets had been published; publication partnership exists with authors of the exterior, what it demonstrates the internationalization of the PPGEEs; the majority of scientific articles had been classified in the area of nowledge "Special Education "and in the sector of activity" Education ". Although we know that the Program of Special Education is fit in the area of Sciences Human beings, more specifically in the area of Education, we must always remember that one is about an area to multidiscipline that possess borders with other areas of the knowledge, what it can be observed with the results gotten in this research. The group of professors studied loads obtains its area of formation or research, from there the explanation for the found oscillations, as much of the individual productivity, as in the journals ones chosen for the publication or thematic studied.
Estudo dos efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade na angiogênese em ruptura parcial do tendão calcâneo de ratos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-20)
Salate, Ana Claudia Bonome
;
Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
The purpose of this study was to analyze the 660 nm GaAlAs laser effect with 10 mW and 40 mW, during 10 seconds, on angiogenesis process and repair quality after partial lesion of Achilles tendon in rats. It was used 104 male rats, that 96 rats had been submitted to lesion by a falling of 186 g from a height of 20 cm, above the right tendon. These rats had been randomly divided in 3 groups, treated in 3 (n = 32), 5 (n = 32) and 7 (n = 32) days, respectively. Each of these groups was divided again into 4 subgroups, which were submitted to laser with mean output of 10 mW (n = 8) and 40 mW (n = 8), a sham treatment (n = 8), and a group with no treatment (n = 8). The analyzes were made by vessels count that have been previous prepared with nanquim ink and by a semiqualitative analyze of polynuclear cells presence, mononuclear cells presence, collagen organization and neovascularization. A fourth group with 8 animals was established as control, without lesion and used as reference for qualitative analyze. The comparison of the groups made evident that the animals submitted to laser showed more vessels number than the control groups (p<0,05) and the 40 mW subgroup showed better vascularization than the others after 3 days of irradiation. (p<0,01). The semiqualitative analyze showed statistical difference (p<0,05) when considering collagen organization and neovascularization in the comparison between the 10 mW, 40 mW and control. Qualitatively, the groups treated with laser showed better repair aspect. The results permit us to conclude that Low Level Laser Therapy with 660 nm promoted an increase of the blood vessels number and better repair quality and the mean output of 40 mW had begun the neovascularization precocious, showing significant difference after 3 days of application.
Ensinando categorias estruturais de história a crianças com dificuldades de aprendizagem.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-21)
Maranhe, Elisandra André
;
Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
The development of children s ability of written narrative of stories can be related to previous experiences with oral models, as when adults read or tell stories in schools or in the family context. Teaching abilities of oral narrative of stories can be a way of inducing changes in the oral and written language of children with normal learning as well as those with learning difficulties. This may be specially important for the latter children because they often show little academic improvement in the classroom. The present study applied two programs to two groups of children with learning difficulties. The first program, applied only for Group 1, had the purpose of providing participants with experience of retelling stories, previously to the second program. Both groups were exposed to the second program, which attempted to teach participants to identify structural categories of stories (setting, theme, plot, and resolution) in oral narratives. The effects of both programs were evaluated on 1) retelling stories (free retelling and driven retelling), taken as measures of story comprehension, and 2) oral production of original narratives. In the tasks focusing narrative ability (oral production and free retelling) the structure of the narrative was analyzed, with regard to the presence of the structural categories of stories. The task of driven retelling consisted of answers to questions and these were analyzed regarding the ability of participants to recover information form the text and make inferences. Although both groups showed improvement in the ability to identify categories, in the tasks of oral production and free retelling, results of Group 1 were superior. Both groups showed only slight improvement in driven retelling. The previous textual experience provided by the first program seems to be a relevant developmental factor explaining the superior performance of Group 1 in the second program.
Estudos citogenéticos em algumas espécies de peixes da família loricariidae pertencentes à Bacia do Rio Piracicaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-21)
Camilo, Fábio Mendes
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
Willing to develop the number cytogenetically reports on fish species belonged to the Loricariidae family, the actual work had as the basic aim to feature chromosomically three specimen of fishes from the basin of the Piracicaba river: Hypostomus albopunctatus; Liposarcus anisitsi and Corumbataia cuestae. The specimen H. albopunctatus and L. anisitsi which were previously feature cytogenetically in other basins and these cytogenetically data are correlated to the data obtained on this work, concerning to the species C. cuestae, the cytogenetically data obtained puts together the first feature of chromosome framing of a specie belonging to this king. The samples were exposed to conventional and differential cytogenetically methodologies, involving bandings-C, Ag- RON e FISH (hybridization fluorescent in situ) with probe 18S. The specimen H. albopunctatus and L. anisitsi were collected in Piracicaba river (Piracicaba country, SP), the H. albopunctatus, showed 2n=74 chromosomes (10M, 20SM, 44ST/A) the parts organized of nucleolus were seen as diversified, with until 3 chromosome marked by Silver Nitrate, featuring on this specie multiple RONs, being acrocentric chromosome with terminal bandings on short arms and of small submetacentric pair with telomeric bandings on short arms, coinciding to the results obtained by de FISH technique. The preparations to marking C, made it clear large heterochromatin interstitial arm of a acrocentric chromosomal pair, on short arm of a submetacentric pair pericentromeric marking of a long arm of a large metacentric pair beyond short markings in centromeric parts of chromosomal submetacentric. The samples of L. anisitsi showed 2n=52 chromosome (16M, 28SM, 6ST, 2A), after Silver Nitrate staining, the markings were placed on terminal position of a long arm by a submetacentric chromosomal pair, featuring a single RON, confirmed by FISH. The cytogenetical result obtained with two specimen on the actual work when compared to the same specimen already described belonged to other basins they show a considered conservation state. Differences were found, however, we might suggest that these specimen seem to be cytogenetically very preserved when we compare the cytogetical results already obtained to the species H. albopunctatus and L. anisitsi available in literature. The specie Corumbataia cuestae, colleted at Lapa river (Itirapina county-SP), showed 2n=54 chromosomes (28M; 20SM; 6ST/A) just to Nucleolus Organized Regions were observed, placed on the terminal part of short arm from number 2 pair featured as metacentric, and they were seen as heteromorphic thought the size, sequential analysis of metaphases in Giemsa/Silver and Giemsa/banding-C, discovered that the secondary constrictions correspond to RONs. The constitutive heterochromatin pattern is observed clearly nucleolus chromosomal pair, with large pericentromeric heterochromatic blocks. The results obtained to offer new subsidy for studies evolution of Loricariídae, to open perspective for best understanding of correlations between species of Hypostominae and Hypoptopomatinae.
Avaliação de estratégias para desenvolver habilidades comunicativas verbais em indivíduos com autismo de alto funcionamento e síndrome de Asperger.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-21)
Herrera, Simone Aparecida Lopes
;
Almeida, Maria Amélia
The high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome are pervasive developmental disorders, that among other simptoms, present in higher or lower level alteration in communicative and social abilities. This study was developed according the verbal communicative abilities of autism and Asperger syndrome described by Lopes (2000), and is divided in two parts with the following objectives: (a) for part 1 the objective was to realize a survey of strategies, activities and communicative contexts that could support the use of a higher number of verbal communicative abilities and, consequently, a major mean length utterance, talk complexity or major use of narrative discursive abilities expressed by individuals with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome in their verbal interactions with the adult interlocutor; (b) For part 2 of the study, the objective was the application of strategies surveyed in part 1 of the study in its original or adapted format with three 12 year old male (one diagnosed as having Asperger syndrome and the other 2 diagnosed as high-functioning autism) in order to increase their mean length utterance, by using the verbal communicative abilities as well as to verify if the increase of the mean length utterance would benefit the use of narrative discursive abilities. The data was collected from Lopes (2000), Master Thesis, during individuals interaction sessions with the researcher. By that time, the participants were 8 years old. Five sessions tapes of each participant were evaluated, with a total of 450 minutes. The results of part 1 of the study demonstrated that there is a communicative reciprocity between the adult and the participants and that their communicative profile are similar, since the values of the mean length utterance (MLU) and talk complexity (TC) demonstrated by the adults were higher, but it was possible to note that the variation continues the same for example - when the adult scored a higher MLU with one of the participants, it was exactly that participant that scored a higher MLU in relation to the others. According to these fidings, the part 1 of the study enabled to survey the activities, strategies, facilitating contextualized situations and, consequently, to organize an intervention program (with structured sessions) that was applied and evaluated in part 2 of the study. In this second part of the study, all verbal interaction structured sessions with each participant and researcher were videotaped. In order to verify the effects of the application of the strategies, a single subject research design across subject was used, and envolved two phases: baseline and intervention. During baseline, spontaneous situations ocurred between the adult and each participant. The participants were not submited to any kind of intervention. After the baseline stability, the first phase of the intervention was initiated (sessions were twice a week). The second phase (sessions once a week) was initiated only when the participant reached performance 100% higher in mean length utterance than the one reached in basleline. The number of sessions were gradually decreased for each participant in order to assure their performance. However, the number of sessions varied from one participant to another. The applied strategies were divided in blocks: spontaneous conversation, specific language dificulties, games with rules, estory report and metalinguistic activities. The results of part 2 of the study demonstrated that the aplication of the proposed strategies with the three participants reached the objective to increase their mean length utterance. In consequence, participant s use of narrative discursive abilities were also increased. Suggestion for further research are made in terms of maintenance of the obtained results with individuals with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism in other environments and in interaction with other interlocutors.
Caracterização e classificação do cluster de calçados femininos do município de Jaú/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-22)
Lorenzon, Emilena Josimari
;
Torkomian, Ana Lúcia Vitale
The research aimed to assist the local leaderships with informational subsidies for the working out of actions in the conduction of the development s process in cluster of footwear from Jaú based on the methods to characterize and to classify the urbano city companies. For this, was used the method of the study of case with an application of questionnaire structuralized in a sampling with 20 companies of this cluster. Many of the information on the footwear sector from Jaú had been extracted of formal sources of information, as RAIS, SECEX and statistical data of the IBGE. The used method of analysis applied 17 indicators distributed in 5 sets of indicators for affinities, that among others, they had measured the degree of frequency of the relations and integrations in the cluster of footwear from Jaú, classifying it. The arithmetic average of these sets of indicators had attributed conceptual gradations with note attributes to indicate the degree of evolution from the cluster in question. The reached results show the period of training of evolution from this cluster in the cycle of life of the urbano city companies offering subsidies for its development. The research is predominantly descriptive.
Efeitos do envelhecimento e da atividade física regular em índices da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca e da arritmia sinusal respiratória de homens saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-22)
Melo, Ruth Caldeira de
;
Catai, Aparecida Maria
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the aging and the regular physical activity on the autonomic control of heart rate (HR) at rest and during deep breath test (DBT) in healthy men. Nine young sedentary (mean = 22.67 ±2.45 years), sixteen young active (mean = 22.38 ±2.13 years), eight sedentary older (mean = 63.5 ±2.39 years) and eight older active (mean = 61 ±1.6 years) men were studied. Electrocardiogram was continuously recorded during 15 minutes (rest), 4 minutes (DBT, with breath rate at 5 to 6 cycles/minute) and 1 minute (recovery) in supine position. The HR (bpm) and the R-R intervals (RRi) (ms) were analyzed by time (RMSSD index) and frequency domain methods. The power spectral components were expressed as absolute (a) and normalized units (nu) at low (LF) and high (HF), and as the LF/HF. The HR and the RRi were analyzed by the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) indices: expiration/inspiration ratio (E/I) and inspiration-expiration difference (∆IE). The HR was lower in the activity groups than to the matched-age sedentary groups. The older sedentary group had lower heart rate variability (HRV), E/I and ∆IE than young ones. The older active group showed higher RMSSD and HF component than matched-age sedentary group (45.04 and 28.78 ms, 58,167 and 12,218 ms2/Hz, P<0.05; respectively). No differences were found between young and older active groups for RMSSD (61.71 and 45.04 ms, respectively) and HRV (TP:130,816 and 125,710, LFa:33,295 and 32,611, HFa:84,346 and 58,167, ms2/Hz, respectively) and DBT indices (E/I: 1.40 and 1.35, ∆IE: 23 and 18, respectively). The results show that aging associates with inactivity reduces the HRV. However, the regular physical activity increases the HRV, independent of age, suggesting attenuation the effects of the aging in the autonomic control of the heart rate.
Explorando o relacionamento entre as medidas de desempenho na ALCOA Alumínio de Poços de Caldas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-22)
Abreu, André Luís Trópia de
;
Martins, Roberto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
The evolution of production organization models was observed with more intensity since the second half of the last century. Its purpose is to make organizations more competitive. A core element that accompanies this change is a performance measurement system with a more multidimensional framework in most organizations. The actors in this scenario use the information from these performance measurement systems for issues of planning, control and improvement. In this context, the relationship between performance measures has been providing information to each of these actors. The mental models of these actors are unique. Usually the formal model of relationship between the performance measures in use is not shared. The goal of this work is to research this problem and to evaluate how the sharing process occurs for the use of maps of relationships between performance measures. The main contribution is the creation and sharing of a model of relationships between performance measures among users of a performance measurement system. The evaluation of this sharing process took place for the application of some research tools in a quasi-experimental project.
Professoras alfabetizadoras e língua materna: relacionando expectativas, conteúdos e forma de ensiná-los
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-22)
Cunha, Alessandra Marques da
;
Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9382130022328777
This study was conducted with literacy teachers at local schools in a city in the interior of São Paulo throughout the school year 2003. The aim of the research was to verify the expectations these teachers had in relation to the lessons they would teach about their students´ native language, relating such expectations to the contents taught, besides identifying the lessons that were most often provided as well as the way they were provided. This investigative work was based on the assumption that every educational methodology articulates a political orientation which includes a theory about how to understand and interpret the methods used in the classroom. Therefore, the lessons taught and the attention directed to them, the teaching strategies, and the like are performed according to the conceptual orientation of the teachers, which, in turn, depends not only on their education, but also upon their conception of world, people and language formed during their process of socialization. Childrens´ entry into the world of writing may be conceived of as a simultaneous process of alphabetization and literacy, in which learning is beyond the technical scope of reading and writing skills. The study was carried out in two stages: a) the teachers completed a questionnaire with closed questions about the lessons from 1st to 4th grades on oral expressions, reading, and writing; b) a semi-structured interview was conducted with the teachers. The data collected through these tools showed that the process of teaching reading and writing skills was generally conceptualized as the increasing acquisition of the language elements from the lowest to the highest units (letters, syllables, words, sentences, texts), supporting what other research had previously demonstrated. The texts provided the pretext for identifying the lower units. Although reading was frequently practiced in the classroom, it was usually developed by the teachers. In addition, the reading was focused on a few types of literary genre, showing that the opportunities for reading at school do not involve the complete variety of available literary materials. Concerning writing skills, the data indicated that both orthography and grammar were taught more unsystematically than systematically. The teachers showed an awareness of the importance of teaching orthographic rules, but the way they conducted the activities in the classroom was often focused on the repetition and memorization of rules rather than through reflection on them. This may be a consequence of the fact that some teachers do not understand regularity and irregularity in language, inasmuch as they adopt the same strategies to teach orthographic aspects of differing origins. As regards grammar teaching, it was hardly representative in relation to the other lessons.
Interação professor-bebê em creches inclusivas.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004-12-23)
Joaquim, Cristiani da Silva
;
Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
The grouth on the importance of the Child Education, since its insertion into the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, brings an increase in the demand for this service and the fight for an inclusive education for young children. In this context, the purpose of this study was to describe the interactions between the day care center teacher and babies in an inclusive day care center that attended both babies with typical and atypical development. Two teachers and their students (age 12-36 months old), with typical and atypical development, were observed. The babies developmental repertoire was assessed by the Child Development Screening Tool Denver II (1989) and the Portage Guide to Early Education (Brazilian s version). The classroom activities of teachers and babies were videotaped through one week, during the regular time of work in the day care center. The record was transcripted in protocols previously developed, and latterly, submitted to a comparative analysis. Results showed that, in general, there was not a great difference in patterns of interaction established between teacher typical development babies and teacher atypical development babies. Both teachers seemed to be efficient in the children s participation during the activities. However, the kind of activity and the babies age seemed to be factors that influenced the teacher-child interaction. To younger babies, the activities in the classroom, with an established structure, seemed to involve both typical and atypical development babies, more than those freeplay activities. In relation to the older children, classroom activities were different in terms of proposed objectives. In the activities with the whole group, most of the typical development child was involved, but babies with atypical development were isolated from the playing. Issues related to formation and information of teachers from day care centers about child development and the factors related to their taking care in day care centers are discussed.
Em direção à construção de indicadores regionais de nanociência e nanotecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005)
Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocentini
;
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
;
Hayashi, Carlos Roberto Massao
;
Silva, Márcia Regina da
;
Lima, Maycke Young de
O desenvolvimento da ciência e os avanços do conhecimento científico e tecnológico propiciaram que as estruturas dos materiais fossem exploradas em uma escala mais reduzida que antes e abriram novas possibilidades na manipulaşão e domínio dos materiais em escala nanométrica. Neste nível a matéria apresenta propriedades particulares e diferentes e as fronteiras estabelecidas entre as disciplinas científicas e técnicas são atenuadas. Decorre daí a dimensão multidisciplinar fortemente associada à nanotecnologia, uma vez que existe uma estreita ligaşão entre os conhecimentos adquiridos pelas nanociências e suas aplicaşões imediatas. O artigo aborda a produção de indicadores regionais de nanociência e nanotecnologia com base na realizaşão de pesquisa exploratória que extraiu informaşões relacionadas às temáticas no Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil/CNPq e no Portal Inovaşão/MCI. A pesquisa exigiu prospecção nas áreas da química, biologia, engenharia, física, matemática e nos campos da sociologia, tendo em vista as implicaşões dos estudos de nanociência e nanotecnologia na sociedade e seus impactos sociais, ambientais, econômicos, éticos, dentre outros. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estabelecer delineamentos preliminares para a construção de indicadores regionais de CI&I nesta área de conhecimento.
Impacto da exposição crônica ao fenol no metabolismo, fisiologia e resposta ao estresse de juvenis de Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus: Teleostei; Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005-01-04)
Hori, Tiago Silvestre Fernandes
;
Moraes, Gilberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
The contamination of the aquatic environment has been responsible for considerable losses on natural stocks of several marine and freshwater fish. Among the many classes of chemicals dumped in aquatic system, the phenols present a great harmful potential due to its many modes of action. These include: genotoxicity, haematotoxicity, immunotoxicity, citotoxicity, oxidative stress and action as endocrine disruptors. Several authors have also demonstrated phenols capability of altering fish metabolism. Moreover because of its lipophilicity, phenol has a high bioaccumulation potential and can, therefore, present a high risk to fish consumers. Matrinxa (Brycon cephalus) presents a great aquaculture potential because of it growth rate (1 kg/year) and its good acceptance for commercial feed. This fish also represents 7% of the total of fish consumed in the Amazonas state. The main objective of this work was to identify the metabolic, endocrine e cellular responses of Matrinxa (Brycon cephalus) exposed to sub lethal concentrations of phenol. In order to accomplish this, three experiments were conducted. The first one consisted in a toxicity test designed to establish de LC-50/96h of phenol to Matrinxa. After that the fish were exposed for 96 hours to 10% of Matrinxas LC-50. The objective of this experiment was to look into the metabolic alterations induced by phenol. Finally, we exposed Matrinxa for 96 hours to 1% and 10% of the LC-50 and at the end of the exposure submitted the fish to a handling stress. The second exposure experiment was designed to verify the responses of stress indicators (cortisol, glucose and HSP70) to phenol intoxication and also the possible effects of exposure in the ability of fish to respond to a second stressor. Phenol induced many alterations on Matrinxas metabolism. We could observe a general reduction of carbohydrate metabolism flowed by an increase in proteolysis. Both of these effects are likely to be a response to a higher metabolic demand, which was confirmed by an increase in oxidative metabolism. This data is contrary to the one found in case of pesticide intoxication, indicating there was no cellular anoxia. When considering cortisol and glucose phenol exposure did not elicit the classical stress response observed for other stressors. These results suggest that cortisol and glucose might not be the best indicators for chemical stress. A lower dose (0,2 ppm) clearly affected the fish ability to respond to a second stressor. The constitutive levels of HSP70 were reduced in gills and liver. In the gills a more lasting effect was observed. The handling stress did not affected HSP70 expression while starvation seemed to induce a generalized reduction on the levels this particular protein. When looking into the cellular stress response the higher dose (2,0 ppm) appears to be more toxic. The exposition to phenol also inhibited the characteristic ionic changes in response to stress. Phenol intoxication affects animal metabolism and this is likely to have effects on growth and survival. Moreover, the ability of these fish to respond to a second stressor is reduced in both organismal and cellular levels.